Questões do ENEM: Linguagens

En la línea 19 del texto la voz “rasgo”

As criadoras do passômetro

As formigas Cataglyphis sempre sabem onde estão. Quando saem para se alimentar, caminham em zigue-
zague, distanciando-se do formigueiro. Ao encontrarem alimento, dão meia-volta, se orientam na direção da entrada
do formigueiro e voltam ao seu buraco em linha reta. Isso significa que elas sabiam exatamente onde estavam. Nós
também somos capazes dessa proeza, mas só se estivermos aparelhados com mapa e bússola. Sem eles, a única
maneira de voltarmos ao local de onde partimos é percorrendo o mesmo caminho, fazendo o mesmo zigue-zague da
ida. Ainda assim, é preciso que nos lembremos do caminho ou que tenhamos deixado marcas de orientação.
Visto que as formigas só saem à noite e numa paisagem onde não há informações visuais, de que forma elas
se orientam era um mistério. Há alguns anos se descobriu que as formigas são capazes de determinar a direção em
que caminham recorrendo à imagem das estrelas, informação, porém, insuficiente, pois elas precisam saber a
distância que percorreram em cada direção. Conhecendo cada direção do zigue-zague e quantos metros caminharam
em cada uma dessas direções, elas poderiam calcular sua localização exata. Se fosse esse o caso, então as formigas
deveriam ter um meio de medir distâncias, uma espécie de hodômetro interno, semelhante aos que existem nos
carros. Sugerido inicialmente em 1904, esse hodômetro agora foi descoberto.
Os cientistas suspeitaram que as formigas determinam a distância que percorrem contando passos. Para
testar essa hipótese, fizeram um experimento simples e engenhoso. Imaginaram que se alterassem o comprimento
dos passos das formigas seriam capazes de induzi-las a errar a conta da distância.
As formigas iam sendo capturadas pelos cientistas assim que elas encontravam o alimento e iniciavam a
volta ao formigueiro. Num primeiro grupo, o comprimento das patas das formigas foi aumentado colando-se nelas
uma espécie de perna de pau feita de pelo de porco. Com passos mais longos, as formigas desse grupo erravam a
conta e ultrapassavam o buraco do formigueiro. Em outro grupo de formigas, os cientistas diminuíram o
comprimento das patas através de uma amputação parcial. Por causa dos passos curtos, essas formigas paravam
antes de chegar ao formigueiro.
E, por último, os cientistas colocaram a “perna de pau” em formigas que acabavam de sair do formigueiro.
Nesse caso, como elas contavam os passos maiores tanto na ida quanto na volta, o efeito da perna de pau se anulava
e elas eram capazes de voltar com precisão ao formigueiro.
A conclusão foi que o mecanismo de orientação das formigas é capaz de contar passos e integrar esse dado
ao da direção em que elas caminharam. Nada mau para o cérebro relativamente simples de uma formiga.
(REINACH, F. A longa marcha dos grilos canibais e outras crônicas sobre a vida no planeta Terra. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2010.)
Nesse fragmento, revelam-se etapas do método científico de investigação. Para convencer o leitor de que, de fato, esse texto está no universo do discurso científico, são usadas várias estratégias argumentativas, entre as quais se pode citar

Relacione as obras abaixo às respectivas escolas literárias. A seguir, assinale a alternativa que as apresenta na sequência correta.

( ) VASO CHINÊS

“Estranho mimo aquele vaso! Vi-o,
Casualmente, uma vez, de um perfumado
Contador sobre o mármore luzidio,
Entre um leque e o começo de um bordado.
..."

( ) ODE AO BURGUÊS

“Eu insulto o burguês! O burguês-níquel,
o burguês-burguês!
A digestão bem-feita de São Paulo!
O homem-curva! O homem-nádegas!
O homem que sendo francês, brasileiro, italiano,
é sempre um cauteloso pouco-a-pouco!
..."

( ) SE EU MORRESSE AMANHÃ

“Se eu morresse amanhã, viria ao menos
Fechar meus olhos minha triste irmã;
Minha mãe de saudades morreria
Se eu morresse amanhã!
..."

1 - Romantismo
2 - Modernismo
3 - Parnasianismo

As questões de 81 a 83 se referem aos textos abaixo.



Based on the lyrics, we can say that the scene shows Eliza Doolittle contemplating a

Segundo o texto, um grande desafio da robótica é

Pela leitura do texto, conclui- se que o narrador

Instrução: As questões de números 31 a 39 referem-se ao texto seguinte.




A expectativa de vida humana

CHINA'S NEW SEX SYMBOLS

BY ISAAC STONE FISH

       ASIA IN THE CATEGORY of the world's sexiest politicians, China's dour communist apparatchiks¹ would seem to be far behind America's legendary ladies' men presidents and Europe's bunga-bunga leaders. But a survey released in December by the All-China Women's Federation found that a Middle Kingdom mandarin is the top pick for an ideal partner among Chinese women.

      What's the appeal? (It can't be the ill-fitting suits.) It's money, money, money. While government officials receive a modest salary – well under $1,000 a month- they can usually leverage their position for personal gain, often through shady means. A corrupt vice district head in Beijing was recently arrested for accumulating more than $ 6,5 million; in other cases the perks have reached into the hundreds of millions. And even for officials who aren't skimming off the top, a government job (and the attendant legal perks) provides a level of security that's quite desirable for China's marriage-minded ladies, especially compared with a less stable position at a state-owned or private company.

      There's also the growing reputation of Chinese government officials as a particularly virile lot. China's state-owned press often titillates readers with tales of bureaucratic sex scandals: in one major story last year, a provincial tobacco-bureau chief's diary was leaked online, with page after page of prurient details about his trysts² with young beauties (including fellow government employees). The public's reaction was generally sympathetic to the cad. One prominent blogger maintained the bureau chief was a good official because he managed to spend some time with his wife despite the womanizing, took less than $10,000 in bribes, and didn't visit prostitutes. In other words, a real catch. In a survey on the blogger's site, almost all the more than 100,000 respondents thought the official should keep his job. That's sex appeal – and popular appeal.

                                                                                       ( Newsweek, February 7, 2011.) 

apparatchiks¹ : burocratas do partido comunista chinês
trysts² : encontros secretos
De acordo com o texto, os apparatchiks são considerados

CHINA'S NEW SEX SYMBOLS

BY ISAAC STONE FISH

       ASIA IN THE CATEGORY of the world's sexiest politicians, China's dour communist apparatchiks¹ would seem to be far behind America's legendary ladies' men presidents and Europe's bunga-bunga leaders. But a survey released in December by the All-China Women's Federation found that a Middle Kingdom mandarin is the top pick for an ideal partner among Chinese women.

      What's the appeal? (It can't be the ill-fitting suits.) It's money, money, money. While government officials receive a modest salary – well under $1,000 a month- they can usually leverage their position for personal gain, often through shady means. A corrupt vice district head in Beijing was recently arrested for accumulating more than $ 6,5 million; in other cases the perks have reached into the hundreds of millions. And even for officials who aren't skimming off the top, a government job (and the attendant legal perks) provides a level of security that's quite desirable for China's marriage-minded ladies, especially compared with a less stable position at a state-owned or private company.

      There's also the growing reputation of Chinese government officials as a particularly virile lot. China's state-owned press often titillates readers with tales of bureaucratic sex scandals: in one major story last year, a provincial tobacco-bureau chief's diary was leaked online, with page after page of prurient details about his trysts² with young beauties (including fellow government employees). The public's reaction was generally sympathetic to the cad. One prominent blogger maintained the bureau chief was a good official because he managed to spend some time with his wife despite the womanizing, took less than $10,000 in bribes, and didn't visit prostitutes. In other words, a real catch. In a survey on the blogger's site, almost all the more than 100,000 respondents thought the official should keep his job. That's sex appeal – and popular appeal.

                                                                                       ( Newsweek, February 7, 2011.) 

apparatchiks¹ : burocratas do partido comunista chinês
trysts² : encontros secretos
Segundo o texto, pode-se inferir que

CHINA'S NEW SEX SYMBOLS

BY ISAAC STONE FISH

       ASIA IN THE CATEGORY of the world's sexiest politicians, China's dour communist apparatchiks¹ would seem to be far behind America's legendary ladies' men presidents and Europe's bunga-bunga leaders. But a survey released in December by the All-China Women's Federation found that a Middle Kingdom mandarin is the top pick for an ideal partner among Chinese women.

      What's the appeal? (It can't be the ill-fitting suits.) It's money, money, money. While government officials receive a modest salary – well under $1,000 a month- they can usually leverage their position for personal gain, often through shady means. A corrupt vice district head in Beijing was recently arrested for accumulating more than $ 6,5 million; in other cases the perks have reached into the hundreds of millions. And even for officials who aren't skimming off the top, a government job (and the attendant legal perks) provides a level of security that's quite desirable for China's marriage-minded ladies, especially compared with a less stable position at a state-owned or private company.

      There's also the growing reputation of Chinese government officials as a particularly virile lot. China's state-owned press often titillates readers with tales of bureaucratic sex scandals: in one major story last year, a provincial tobacco-bureau chief's diary was leaked online, with page after page of prurient details about his trysts² with young beauties (including fellow government employees). The public's reaction was generally sympathetic to the cad. One prominent blogger maintained the bureau chief was a good official because he managed to spend some time with his wife despite the womanizing, took less than $10,000 in bribes, and didn't visit prostitutes. In other words, a real catch. In a survey on the blogger's site, almost all the more than 100,000 respondents thought the official should keep his job. That's sex appeal – and popular appeal.

                                                                                       ( Newsweek, February 7, 2011.) 

apparatchiks¹ : burocratas do partido comunista chinês
trysts² : encontros secretos
De acordo com o texto, as mulheres chinesas preferem um relacionamento com funcionários do governo

CHINA'S NEW SEX SYMBOLS

BY ISAAC STONE FISH

       ASIA IN THE CATEGORY of the world's sexiest politicians, China's dour communist apparatchiks¹ would seem to be far behind America's legendary ladies' men presidents and Europe's bunga-bunga leaders. But a survey released in December by the All-China Women's Federation found that a Middle Kingdom mandarin is the top pick for an ideal partner among Chinese women.

      What's the appeal? (It can't be the ill-fitting suits.) It's money, money, money. While government officials receive a modest salary – well under $1,000 a month- they can usually leverage their position for personal gain, often through shady means. A corrupt vice district head in Beijing was recently arrested for accumulating more than $ 6,5 million; in other cases the perks have reached into the hundreds of millions. And even for officials who aren't skimming off the top, a government job (and the attendant legal perks) provides a level of security that's quite desirable for China's marriage-minded ladies, especially compared with a less stable position at a state-owned or private company.

      There's also the growing reputation of Chinese government officials as a particularly virile lot. China's state-owned press often titillates readers with tales of bureaucratic sex scandals: in one major story last year, a provincial tobacco-bureau chief's diary was leaked online, with page after page of prurient details about his trysts² with young beauties (including fellow government employees). The public's reaction was generally sympathetic to the cad. One prominent blogger maintained the bureau chief was a good official because he managed to spend some time with his wife despite the womanizing, took less than $10,000 in bribes, and didn't visit prostitutes. In other words, a real catch. In a survey on the blogger's site, almost all the more than 100,000 respondents thought the official should keep his job. That's sex appeal – and popular appeal.

                                                                                       ( Newsweek, February 7, 2011.) 

apparatchiks¹ : burocratas do partido comunista chinês
trysts² : encontros secretos
No último parágrafo do texto, o adjetivo sympathetic empregado em −The public's reaction was generally sympathetic to the CAD. − pode ser traduzido por

CHINA'S NEW SEX SYMBOLS

BY ISAAC STONE FISH

       ASIA IN THE CATEGORY of the world's sexiest politicians, China's dour communist apparatchiks¹ would seem to be far behind America's legendary ladies' men presidents and Europe's bunga-bunga leaders. But a survey released in December by the All-China Women's Federation found that a Middle Kingdom mandarin is the top pick for an ideal partner among Chinese women.

      What's the appeal? (It can't be the ill-fitting suits.) It's money, money, money. While government officials receive a modest salary – well under $1,000 a month- they can usually leverage their position for personal gain, often through shady means. A corrupt vice district head in Beijing was recently arrested for accumulating more than $ 6,5 million; in other cases the perks have reached into the hundreds of millions. And even for officials who aren't skimming off the top, a government job (and the attendant legal perks) provides a level of security that's quite desirable for China's marriage-minded ladies, especially compared with a less stable position at a state-owned or private company.

      There's also the growing reputation of Chinese government officials as a particularly virile lot. China's state-owned press often titillates readers with tales of bureaucratic sex scandals: in one major story last year, a provincial tobacco-bureau chief's diary was leaked online, with page after page of prurient details about his trysts² with young beauties (including fellow government employees). The public's reaction was generally sympathetic to the cad. One prominent blogger maintained the bureau chief was a good official because he managed to spend some time with his wife despite the womanizing, took less than $10,000 in bribes, and didn't visit prostitutes. In other words, a real catch. In a survey on the blogger's site, almost all the more than 100,000 respondents thought the official should keep his job. That's sex appeal – and popular appeal.

                                                                                       ( Newsweek, February 7, 2011.) 

apparatchiks¹ : burocratas do partido comunista chinês
trysts² : encontros secretos
No último parágrafo do texto, a preposição despite empregada em − despite the womanizing − pode ser substituída por

O conto O homem que espalhou o deserto, de Ignácio de Loyola Brandão, focaliza um personagem em diferentes fases de sua vida.

Assinale a opção em que haja correspondência entre a fase abordada e a(s) ação(ões) narrada(s) no texto.

No trecho "nos precipitou na miséria moral inexorável" (L. 4-5), a palavra sublinhada pode ser substituída, sem prejuízo para o sentido do texto, por

 

Assinale a alternativa em que a referência ao PIB confere um sentido pejorativo ao enunciado, elaborado de acordo com a norma-padrão.

La preposición "sobre" (línea 36) está empleada con valor de

 

De acordo com a norma-padrão, assinale a alternativa correta quanto à regência e ao uso ou não do acento indicativo da crase.

                   
O lado humorístico do conto decorre do fato de o velho Lima

                   
Nas passagens “– A República deu cabo de todas as comendas!” (10°parágrafo), “O velho Lima encarou o comendador...” (11° parágrafo) e “O contínuo respondeu num tom lentamente desdenhoso...” (14° parágrafo), as expressões em destaque significam, respectivamente,