Questões do ENEM: Linguagens

Texto 2

A obra D. Guidinha do Poço conta a história de D. Margarida Reginaldo de Sousa Barros — conhecida como Guida ou Guidinha —, herdeira do Capitão-Mor Reginaldo Venceslau. Depois da morte do pai, ela se casa com o Major Joaquim Damião de Barros, o Major Quim, dezesseis anos mais velho do que ela. Embora tivessem casa na vila, fixaram residência na fazenda Poço da Moita, herdade de Margarida. Depois de alguns anos de casados, Margarida se apaixona por Secundino, jovem praciano, sobrinho do marido. Quando o Major Quim descobre a traição, pede o divórcio, que Guida não aceita. O Major deixa-a na fazenda e vai morar na casa da Vila. A mulher, então, contrata um capanga de nome Naiú para matar o marido. O caboclo faz o serviço, mas, quando é preso, revela que fora D. Margarida a mandante do homicídio.

O capítulo que você lerá é o último da obra, quando se dá a prisão de D. Guidinha do Poço. 

Manuel de Oliveira Paiva. Dona Guidinha do Poço. p. 125-126. Texto adaptado. 

Reflita sobre o excerto transcrito: “A saia de montaria, de bretanha, arfava ao vento, produzindo uma irritação estranha aquele pano branco na alma enlutada da população. Guida olhava a turba com admiração, que ao povo parecia petulância e, por vê-la açoitar o cavalo, diziam que ela acenava com o chicote para ele...” (linhas 87-93).

I. O período transcrito poderia ter a seguinte estrutura: A saia de montaria, de bretanha, arfava ao vento, produzindo aquele pano branco uma irritação estranha na alma enlutada da população.

II. O verbo dizer, no plural, “diziam”, concorda ideologicamente com “povo”, isto é, concorda com a ideia de plural dessa palavra, não com a sua forma.

III. A oração “por vê-la açoitar o cavalo” tem o valor semântico de condição.

Está correto o que se diz somente em

SILVA, Carlos Eduardo Lins da. A Malquerida Liberdade de Imprensa: O equívoco de uma nova lei de imprensa. Disponível em: . Acesso em: maio 2011. Adaptado.

SILVA, Carlos Eduardo Lins da. A Malquerida Liberdade de Imprensa: O equívoco de uma nova lei de imprensa. Disponível em: . Acesso em: maio 2011. Adaptado.

Read the text below and answer the question.

TEXT I 

The Amazon is often referred to as "the world's largest medicine cabinet" CREDIT: Getty

(https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/cruises/articles/how-to-be-a-botanical-buff/)

Medicinal Treasures of the Rainforest

        The widespread destruction of tropical rainforest ecosystems and the consequent extinction of numerous plant and animal species is happening before we know even the most basic facts about what we are losing.

        Covering only 6 percent of the Earth's surface, tropical moist forests contain at least half of all species. The abundant botanical resources of tropical forests have already provided tangible medical advances; yet only 1 percent of the known plant and animal species have been thoroughly examined for their medicinal potentials. Meanwhile, 2 percent of the world's rainforests are irreparably damaged each year. 

        Approximately 7,000 medical compounds prescribed by Western doctors are derived from plants. These drugs had an estimated retail value of US$43 billion in 1985. Seventy percent of the 3000 plants identified by the United States National Cancer Institute as having potential anti-cancer properties are endemic to the rainforest. Tropical forest species serve Western surgery and internal medicine in three ways. First, extracts from organisms can be used directly as drugs. For maladies ranging from nagging headaches to lethal contagions such as malaria, rainforest medicines have provided modern society with a variety of cures and pain relievers. 

[…]

        Secondly, chemical structures of forest organisms sometimes serve as templates from which scientists and researchers can chemically synthesize drug compounds.[…]

        Finally, rainforest plants provide aids for research. Certain plant compounds enable scientists to understand how cancer cells grow, while others serve as testing agents for potentially harmful food and drug products. Tropical forests offer hope for safer contraceptives for both women and men. The exponential growth of world population clearly demonstrates the need for more reliable and effective birth control methods. Worldwide, approximately 4,000 plant species have been shown to offer contraceptive possibilities. The rainforest also holds secrets for safer pesticides for farmers. Two species of potatoes have leaves that produce a sticky substance that traps and kills predatory insects. This natural self-defense mechanism could potentially reduce the need for using pesticides on potatoes. Who knows what other tricks the rainforest might have up its leaves?

Adapted from https://www.adventure-life.com/amazon/articles/medicinaltreasures-of-the-rainforest

Read the text below and answer the question.

TEXT I 

The Amazon is often referred to as "the world's largest medicine cabinet" CREDIT: Getty

(https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/cruises/articles/how-to-be-a-botanical-buff/)

Medicinal Treasures of the Rainforest

        The widespread destruction of tropical rainforest ecosystems and the consequent extinction of numerous plant and animal species is happening before we know even the most basic facts about what we are losing.

        Covering only 6 percent of the Earth's surface, tropical moist forests contain at least half of all species. The abundant botanical resources of tropical forests have already provided tangible medical advances; yet only 1 percent of the known plant and animal species have been thoroughly examined for their medicinal potentials. Meanwhile, 2 percent of the world's rainforests are irreparably damaged each year. 

        Approximately 7,000 medical compounds prescribed by Western doctors are derived from plants. These drugs had an estimated retail value of US$43 billion in 1985. Seventy percent of the 3000 plants identified by the United States National Cancer Institute as having potential anti-cancer properties are endemic to the rainforest. Tropical forest species serve Western surgery and internal medicine in three ways. First, extracts from organisms can be used directly as drugs. For maladies ranging from nagging headaches to lethal contagions such as malaria, rainforest medicines have provided modern society with a variety of cures and pain relievers. 

[…]

        Secondly, chemical structures of forest organisms sometimes serve as templates from which scientists and researchers can chemically synthesize drug compounds.[…]

        Finally, rainforest plants provide aids for research. Certain plant compounds enable scientists to understand how cancer cells grow, while others serve as testing agents for potentially harmful food and drug products. Tropical forests offer hope for safer contraceptives for both women and men. The exponential growth of world population clearly demonstrates the need for more reliable and effective birth control methods. Worldwide, approximately 4,000 plant species have been shown to offer contraceptive possibilities. The rainforest also holds secrets for safer pesticides for farmers. Two species of potatoes have leaves that produce a sticky substance that traps and kills predatory insects. This natural self-defense mechanism could potentially reduce the need for using pesticides on potatoes. Who knows what other tricks the rainforest might have up its leaves?

Adapted from https://www.adventure-life.com/amazon/articles/medicinaltreasures-of-the-rainforest

Texto 2

A obra D. Guidinha do Poço conta a história de D. Margarida Reginaldo de Sousa Barros — conhecida como Guida ou Guidinha —, herdeira do Capitão-Mor Reginaldo Venceslau. Depois da morte do pai, ela se casa com o Major Joaquim Damião de Barros, o Major Quim, dezesseis anos mais velho do que ela. Embora tivessem casa na vila, fixaram residência na fazenda Poço da Moita, herdade de Margarida. Depois de alguns anos de casados, Margarida se apaixona por Secundino, jovem praciano, sobrinho do marido. Quando o Major Quim descobre a traição, pede o divórcio, que Guida não aceita. O Major deixa-a na fazenda e vai morar na casa da Vila. A mulher, então, contrata um capanga de nome Naiú para matar o marido. O caboclo faz o serviço, mas, quando é preso, revela que fora D. Margarida a mandante do homicídio.

O capítulo que você lerá é o último da obra, quando se dá a prisão de D. Guidinha do Poço. 

Manuel de Oliveira Paiva. Dona Guidinha do Poço. p. 125-126. Texto adaptado. 

O texto 1 finaliza com uma interrogação: “Jamais quis tornar a Quixeramobim: orgulho ou remorso?” (linhas 70-72). Escreva V para o que for verdadeiro e F para o que for falso em relação ao enunciado transcrito.

( ) O enunciador do texto 1 fala da personagem da ficção.

( ) O enunciador do texto 2 fala de fatos ficcionais.

( ) Se considerarmos o que o enunciador do texto 2 fala da personagem de ficção, podemos, pela leitura desse texto 2, responder à interrogação dizendo que foi por orgulho.

( ) A interrogação expressa que o enunciador tinha dúvida sobre o verdadeiro caráter da personagem D. Guidinha.

( ) A interrogação é um recurso de estilo que provoca uma maior interação entre enunciador e enunciatário.

Está correta, de cima para baixo, a seguinte sequência:

Read the text below and answer the question.

TEXT I 

The Amazon is often referred to as "the world's largest medicine cabinet" CREDIT: Getty

(https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/cruises/articles/how-to-be-a-botanical-buff/)

Medicinal Treasures of the Rainforest

        The widespread destruction of tropical rainforest ecosystems and the consequent extinction of numerous plant and animal species is happening before we know even the most basic facts about what we are losing.

        Covering only 6 percent of the Earth's surface, tropical moist forests contain at least half of all species. The abundant botanical resources of tropical forests have already provided tangible medical advances; yet only 1 percent of the known plant and animal species have been thoroughly examined for their medicinal potentials. Meanwhile, 2 percent of the world's rainforests are irreparably damaged each year. 

        Approximately 7,000 medical compounds prescribed by Western doctors are derived from plants. These drugs had an estimated retail value of US$43 billion in 1985. Seventy percent of the 3000 plants identified by the United States National Cancer Institute as having potential anti-cancer properties are endemic to the rainforest. Tropical forest species serve Western surgery and internal medicine in three ways. First, extracts from organisms can be used directly as drugs. For maladies ranging from nagging headaches to lethal contagions such as malaria, rainforest medicines have provided modern society with a variety of cures and pain relievers. 

[…]

        Secondly, chemical structures of forest organisms sometimes serve as templates from which scientists and researchers can chemically synthesize drug compounds.[…]

        Finally, rainforest plants provide aids for research. Certain plant compounds enable scientists to understand how cancer cells grow, while others serve as testing agents for potentially harmful food and drug products. Tropical forests offer hope for safer contraceptives for both women and men. The exponential growth of world population clearly demonstrates the need for more reliable and effective birth control methods. Worldwide, approximately 4,000 plant species have been shown to offer contraceptive possibilities. The rainforest also holds secrets for safer pesticides for farmers. Two species of potatoes have leaves that produce a sticky substance that traps and kills predatory insects. This natural self-defense mechanism could potentially reduce the need for using pesticides on potatoes. Who knows what other tricks the rainforest might have up its leaves?

Adapted from https://www.adventure-life.com/amazon/articles/medicinaltreasures-of-the-rainforest

SILVA, Carlos Eduardo Lins da. A Malquerida Liberdade de Imprensa: O equívoco de uma nova lei de imprensa. Disponível em: . Acesso em: maio 2011. Adaptado.

Read the text below and answer the question.

TEXT I 

The Amazon is often referred to as "the world's largest medicine cabinet" CREDIT: Getty

(https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/cruises/articles/how-to-be-a-botanical-buff/)

Medicinal Treasures of the Rainforest

        The widespread destruction of tropical rainforest ecosystems and the consequent extinction of numerous plant and animal species is happening before we know even the most basic facts about what we are losing.

        Covering only 6 percent of the Earth's surface, tropical moist forests contain at least half of all species. The abundant botanical resources of tropical forests have already provided tangible medical advances; yet only 1 percent of the known plant and animal species have been thoroughly examined for their medicinal potentials. Meanwhile, 2 percent of the world's rainforests are irreparably damaged each year. 

        Approximately 7,000 medical compounds prescribed by Western doctors are derived from plants. These drugs had an estimated retail value of US$43 billion in 1985. Seventy percent of the 3000 plants identified by the United States National Cancer Institute as having potential anti-cancer properties are endemic to the rainforest. Tropical forest species serve Western surgery and internal medicine in three ways. First, extracts from organisms can be used directly as drugs. For maladies ranging from nagging headaches to lethal contagions such as malaria, rainforest medicines have provided modern society with a variety of cures and pain relievers. 

[…]

        Secondly, chemical structures of forest organisms sometimes serve as templates from which scientists and researchers can chemically synthesize drug compounds.[…]

        Finally, rainforest plants provide aids for research. Certain plant compounds enable scientists to understand how cancer cells grow, while others serve as testing agents for potentially harmful food and drug products. Tropical forests offer hope for safer contraceptives for both women and men. The exponential growth of world population clearly demonstrates the need for more reliable and effective birth control methods. Worldwide, approximately 4,000 plant species have been shown to offer contraceptive possibilities. The rainforest also holds secrets for safer pesticides for farmers. Two species of potatoes have leaves that produce a sticky substance that traps and kills predatory insects. This natural self-defense mechanism could potentially reduce the need for using pesticides on potatoes. Who knows what other tricks the rainforest might have up its leaves?

Adapted from https://www.adventure-life.com/amazon/articles/medicinaltreasures-of-the-rainforest

Texto 2

A obra D. Guidinha do Poço conta a história de D. Margarida Reginaldo de Sousa Barros — conhecida como Guida ou Guidinha —, herdeira do Capitão-Mor Reginaldo Venceslau. Depois da morte do pai, ela se casa com o Major Joaquim Damião de Barros, o Major Quim, dezesseis anos mais velho do que ela. Embora tivessem casa na vila, fixaram residência na fazenda Poço da Moita, herdade de Margarida. Depois de alguns anos de casados, Margarida se apaixona por Secundino, jovem praciano, sobrinho do marido. Quando o Major Quim descobre a traição, pede o divórcio, que Guida não aceita. O Major deixa-a na fazenda e vai morar na casa da Vila. A mulher, então, contrata um capanga de nome Naiú para matar o marido. O caboclo faz o serviço, mas, quando é preso, revela que fora D. Margarida a mandante do homicídio.

O capítulo que você lerá é o último da obra, quando se dá a prisão de D. Guidinha do Poço. 

Manuel de Oliveira Paiva. Dona Guidinha do Poço. p. 125-126. Texto adaptado. 

Read the text below and answer the question.

TEXT I 

The Amazon is often referred to as "the world's largest medicine cabinet" CREDIT: Getty

(https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/cruises/articles/how-to-be-a-botanical-buff/)

Medicinal Treasures of the Rainforest

        The widespread destruction of tropical rainforest ecosystems and the consequent extinction of numerous plant and animal species is happening before we know even the most basic facts about what we are losing.

        Covering only 6 percent of the Earth's surface, tropical moist forests contain at least half of all species. The abundant botanical resources of tropical forests have already provided tangible medical advances; yet only 1 percent of the known plant and animal species have been thoroughly examined for their medicinal potentials. Meanwhile, 2 percent of the world's rainforests are irreparably damaged each year. 

        Approximately 7,000 medical compounds prescribed by Western doctors are derived from plants. These drugs had an estimated retail value of US$43 billion in 1985. Seventy percent of the 3000 plants identified by the United States National Cancer Institute as having potential anti-cancer properties are endemic to the rainforest. Tropical forest species serve Western surgery and internal medicine in three ways. First, extracts from organisms can be used directly as drugs. For maladies ranging from nagging headaches to lethal contagions such as malaria, rainforest medicines have provided modern society with a variety of cures and pain relievers. 

[…]

        Secondly, chemical structures of forest organisms sometimes serve as templates from which scientists and researchers can chemically synthesize drug compounds.[…]

        Finally, rainforest plants provide aids for research. Certain plant compounds enable scientists to understand how cancer cells grow, while others serve as testing agents for potentially harmful food and drug products. Tropical forests offer hope for safer contraceptives for both women and men. The exponential growth of world population clearly demonstrates the need for more reliable and effective birth control methods. Worldwide, approximately 4,000 plant species have been shown to offer contraceptive possibilities. The rainforest also holds secrets for safer pesticides for farmers. Two species of potatoes have leaves that produce a sticky substance that traps and kills predatory insects. This natural self-defense mechanism could potentially reduce the need for using pesticides on potatoes. Who knows what other tricks the rainforest might have up its leaves?

Adapted from https://www.adventure-life.com/amazon/articles/medicinaltreasures-of-the-rainforest

SILVA, Carlos Eduardo Lins da. A Malquerida Liberdade de Imprensa: O equívoco de uma nova lei de imprensa. Disponível em: . Acesso em: maio 2011. Adaptado.

“É quase inacreditável que jornais e jornalistas se unam para pedir que o Estado seja dotado de instrumentos para cercear sua liberdade. Ainda mais porque tudo isso é inútil, já que aqui, como em todo lugar, o que de fato garante a liberdade de expressão não é a existência ou inexistência de leis, mas a maneira como se expressa a dinâmica social”. (l. 38-44)

Analise os aspectos linguísticos do fragmento em evidência e assinale V para as proposições verdadeiras e F, para as proposições falsas.

( ) “inacreditável” é um atributo do sujeito oracional, constituído de uma derivação, cujo prefixo apresenta ideia de negação, independente da expressa pelo sufixo.

( ) “que o Estado seja dotado de instrumentos” completa o sentido da forma verbal “pedir”, apresentando o comportamento dos jornais e jornalistas quanto à sua própria liberdade de expressão.

( ) “para”, em “para pedir”, e “para”, em “para cercear”, apresentam semânticas diversas.

( ) “já que” introduz uma consequência da falta de eficácia da Lei de Imprensa.

( ) “como”, em “como se expressa a dinâmica social”, retoma a palavra “maneira”, denotando uma circunstância de modo.

A alternativa que contém a sequência correta, de cima para baixo, é a

TEXT II

        Avicenna, Arabic Ibn Sīnā, (born 980, near Bukhara, Iran [now in Uzbekistan]—died 1037, Hamadan, Iran), Muslim physician, the most famous and influential of the philosopher-scientists of the medieval Islamic world. He was particularly noted for his contributions in the fields of Aristotelian philosophy and medicine. He composed the Book of the Cure, a vast philosophical and scientific encyclopaedia, and The Canon of Medicine, which is among the most famous books in the history of medicine.

        Avicenna did not burst upon an empty Islamic intellectual stage. It is believed that Muslim writer Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ, or possibly his son, had introduced Aristotelian logic to the Islamic world more than two centuries before Avicenna. Al-Kindī, the first Islamic Peripatetic (Aristotelian) philosopher, and Turkish polymath al-Fārābī, from whose book Avicenna would learn Aristotle’s metaphysics, preceded him. Of these luminaries, however, Avicenna remains by far the greatest. 

Adapted from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Avicenna

Here is one of his sayings:

TEXT II

        Avicenna, Arabic Ibn Sīnā, (born 980, near Bukhara, Iran [now in Uzbekistan]—died 1037, Hamadan, Iran), Muslim physician, the most famous and influential of the philosopher-scientists of the medieval Islamic world. He was particularly noted for his contributions in the fields of Aristotelian philosophy and medicine. He composed the Book of the Cure, a vast philosophical and scientific encyclopaedia, and The Canon of Medicine, which is among the most famous books in the history of medicine.

        Avicenna did not burst upon an empty Islamic intellectual stage. It is believed that Muslim writer Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ, or possibly his son, had introduced Aristotelian logic to the Islamic world more than two centuries before Avicenna. Al-Kindī, the first Islamic Peripatetic (Aristotelian) philosopher, and Turkish polymath al-Fārābī, from whose book Avicenna would learn Aristotle’s metaphysics, preceded him. Of these luminaries, however, Avicenna remains by far the greatest. 

Adapted from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Avicenna

Here is one of his sayings: