Questões do ENEM: Linguagens

TEXTO 1

“No meio das tabas de amenos verdores,

Cercadas de troncos — cobertos de flores,

Alteiam-se os tetos d’altiva nação;

São muitos seus filhos, nos ânimos fortes,

Temíveis na guerra, que em densas coortes

Assombram das matas a imensa extensão.

São rudes, severos, sedentos de glória,

Já prélios incitam, já cantam vitória,

Já meigos atendem à voz do cantor:

São todos Timbiras, guerreiros valentes!

Seu nome lá voa na boca das gentes,

Condão de prodígios, de glória e terror!”

(Dias, Gonçalves. I-Juca-Pirama. [Trecho] [1851]. In: Fundação Biblioteca Nacional. Departamento Nacional do Livro. Disponível em: objdigital.bn.br/Acervo_Digital/livros_eletronicos/jucapirama.pdf. Acesso: 21 ago. 2013).  

TEXTO 2

No meio das tabas há menos verdores,
Não há gentes brabas nem campos de flores.

No meio das tabas cercadas de insetos,
Pensando nas babas dos analfabetos,
Vou chamando as tribos dos sertões gerais,
Passando recibos nos vãos de Goiás.

Venham os xerentes, craôs e crixás,
Bororos doentes e xicriabás.
E os apinajés, os carajás roídos,
E os tapirapés e os inás perdidos

[...]

No meio das tabas não quero ver dores,
Mas morubixabas e altivos senhores.

Quero a rebeldia das tribos na aldeia.
Nada de “poesia”. Quero cara feia:
Cor de jenipapo e urucum no peito,
Não índio de trapo falando sem jeito.

(TELES, Gilberto M. “Aldeia global”. In: Os melhores poemas de Gilberto Mendonça Teles. Seleção Luís Busatto. São Paulo: Global, 2001.p. 91-92).  

TEXTO 1

“No meio das tabas de amenos verdores,

Cercadas de troncos — cobertos de flores,

Alteiam-se os tetos d’altiva nação;

São muitos seus filhos, nos ânimos fortes,

Temíveis na guerra, que em densas coortes

Assombram das matas a imensa extensão.

São rudes, severos, sedentos de glória,

Já prélios incitam, já cantam vitória,

Já meigos atendem à voz do cantor:

São todos Timbiras, guerreiros valentes!

Seu nome lá voa na boca das gentes,

Condão de prodígios, de glória e terror!”

(Dias, Gonçalves. I-Juca-Pirama. [Trecho] [1851]. In: Fundação Biblioteca Nacional. Departamento Nacional do Livro. Disponível em: objdigital.bn.br/Acervo_Digital/livros_eletronicos/jucapirama.pdf. Acesso: 21 ago. 2013).  

TEXTO 2

No meio das tabas há menos verdores,
Não há gentes brabas nem campos de flores.

No meio das tabas cercadas de insetos,
Pensando nas babas dos analfabetos,
Vou chamando as tribos dos sertões gerais,
Passando recibos nos vãos de Goiás.

Venham os xerentes, craôs e crixás,
Bororos doentes e xicriabás.
E os apinajés, os carajás roídos,
E os tapirapés e os inás perdidos

[...]

No meio das tabas não quero ver dores,
Mas morubixabas e altivos senhores.

Quero a rebeldia das tribos na aldeia.
Nada de “poesia”. Quero cara feia:
Cor de jenipapo e urucum no peito,
Não índio de trapo falando sem jeito.

(TELES, Gilberto M. “Aldeia global”. In: Os melhores poemas de Gilberto Mendonça Teles. Seleção Luís Busatto. São Paulo: Global, 2001.p. 91-92).  

“À dolorosa luz das grandes lâmpadas eléctricas da fábrica

Tenho febre e escrevo.

Escrevo rangendo os dentes, fera para a beleza disto,

Para a beleza disto totalmente desconhecida dos antigos.

Ó rodas, ó engrenagens, r-r-r-r-r-r-r eterno!

Forte espasmo retido dos maquinismos em fúria!”

(PESSOA, Fernando Pessoa. “Ode Triunfal” [Trecho]. Poesias de Álvaro de Campos. In: Obra poética. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Aguilar, 2003, p. 306).

O poema de Fernando Pessoa foi publicado em Portugal na década de 1910. A referência a aspectos da vida urbana, como fábricas, engrenagens, motores etc., indica um diálogo intertextual com a proposta estética do

“Recriamos a língua na medida em que somos capazes de produzir um pensamento novo, um pensamento nosso. O idioma, afinal, o que é senão o ovo das galinhas de ouro?

Estamos, sim, amando o indomesticável, aderindo ao invisível, procurando os outros tempos deste tempo.

Precisamos, sim, de senso incomum. Pois, das leis da língua, alguém sabe as certezas delas? Ponho as minhas irreticências. Veja-se, num sumário exemplo, perguntas que se podem colocar à língua:

Se pode dizer de um careca que tenha couro cabeludo?

No caso de alguém dormir com homem de raça branca é então que se aplica a expressão: passar a noite em branco?

A diferença entre um ás no volante ou um asno volante é apenas de ordem fonética?

O mato desconhecido é que é o anonimato?

O pequeno viaduto é um abreviaduto? [...]”

(COUTO, Mia. Perguntas à língua portuguesa. Disponível em: http://ciberduvidas.sapo.pt/antologia.php?rid=118. Acesso: 7 de março de 2007).

Mia Couto é um importante escritor da literatura moçambicana. No trecho em análise, seus questionamentos à língua portuguesa

TEXTO REFERENTE À QUESTÂO. 

Perfectly Preserved Ancient Shipwreck Found in the Baltic Sea with Guns Ready to Fire

By Yasemin Saplakoglu, Staff Writer | July 24, 2019 01:33pm ET

        An incredibly well-preserved ancient shipwreck has been uncovered in the Baltic Sea.

        Though it likely dates back to 500 to 600 years ago, "it's almost like it sank yesterday," Rodrigo Pacheco-Ruiz, a maritime archeologist with the survey specialists MMT, said in a statement. The ship was first discovered using sonar - which uses sound waves to detect objects - by the Swedish Maritime Administration back in 2009.

        But Pacheco-Ruiz and his team, in collaboration with the Centre for Maritime Archeology at the University of Southampton in England, recently led an archeological survey of the wreck using underwater robots.

        The survey revealed that the ship likely dates to the 15th to early 16th centuries. Though it looks tattered, it is still largely intact. The masts of the ship were still in place and the hull is complete. On the main deck, leaning against the main mast, the scientists found a small boat that was likely used to transport the crew to and from the ship. They also found swivel guns on the main deck, some still neatly packed away in gun ports. Two swivel guns were still aimed in the firing position, The Independent reported.

         "This ship is contemporary to the times of Christopher Columbus and Leonardo Da Vinci, yet it demonstrates a remarkable level of preservation after five hundred years at the bottom of the sea," Pacheco-Ruiz said. It's very wellpreserved due to the cold, slightly salty waters of the Baltic Sea, he added.

(Adaptado de < https://www.livescience.com/66011-ancientshipwreck-baltic-sea.html > Acesso em 04/08/2019)

TEXTO REFERENTE À QUESTÂO. 

Perfectly Preserved Ancient Shipwreck Found in the Baltic Sea with Guns Ready to Fire

By Yasemin Saplakoglu, Staff Writer | July 24, 2019 01:33pm ET

        An incredibly well-preserved ancient shipwreck has been uncovered in the Baltic Sea.

        Though it likely dates back to 500 to 600 years ago, "it's almost like it sank yesterday," Rodrigo Pacheco-Ruiz, a maritime archeologist with the survey specialists MMT, said in a statement. The ship was first discovered using sonar - which uses sound waves to detect objects - by the Swedish Maritime Administration back in 2009.

        But Pacheco-Ruiz and his team, in collaboration with the Centre for Maritime Archeology at the University of Southampton in England, recently led an archeological survey of the wreck using underwater robots.

        The survey revealed that the ship likely dates to the 15th to early 16th centuries. Though it looks tattered, it is still largely intact. The masts of the ship were still in place and the hull is complete. On the main deck, leaning against the main mast, the scientists found a small boat that was likely used to transport the crew to and from the ship. They also found swivel guns on the main deck, some still neatly packed away in gun ports. Two swivel guns were still aimed in the firing position, The Independent reported.

         "This ship is contemporary to the times of Christopher Columbus and Leonardo Da Vinci, yet it demonstrates a remarkable level of preservation after five hundred years at the bottom of the sea," Pacheco-Ruiz said. It's very wellpreserved due to the cold, slightly salty waters of the Baltic Sea, he added.

(Adaptado de < https://www.livescience.com/66011-ancientshipwreck-baltic-sea.html > Acesso em 04/08/2019)

TEXTO REFERENTE À QUESTÂO. 

Perfectly Preserved Ancient Shipwreck Found in the Baltic Sea with Guns Ready to Fire

By Yasemin Saplakoglu, Staff Writer | July 24, 2019 01:33pm ET

        An incredibly well-preserved ancient shipwreck has been uncovered in the Baltic Sea.

        Though it likely dates back to 500 to 600 years ago, "it's almost like it sank yesterday," Rodrigo Pacheco-Ruiz, a maritime archeologist with the survey specialists MMT, said in a statement. The ship was first discovered using sonar - which uses sound waves to detect objects - by the Swedish Maritime Administration back in 2009.

        But Pacheco-Ruiz and his team, in collaboration with the Centre for Maritime Archeology at the University of Southampton in England, recently led an archeological survey of the wreck using underwater robots.

        The survey revealed that the ship likely dates to the 15th to early 16th centuries. Though it looks tattered, it is still largely intact. The masts of the ship were still in place and the hull is complete. On the main deck, leaning against the main mast, the scientists found a small boat that was likely used to transport the crew to and from the ship. They also found swivel guns on the main deck, some still neatly packed away in gun ports. Two swivel guns were still aimed in the firing position, The Independent reported.

         "This ship is contemporary to the times of Christopher Columbus and Leonardo Da Vinci, yet it demonstrates a remarkable level of preservation after five hundred years at the bottom of the sea," Pacheco-Ruiz said. It's very wellpreserved due to the cold, slightly salty waters of the Baltic Sea, he added.

(Adaptado de < https://www.livescience.com/66011-ancientshipwreck-baltic-sea.html > Acesso em 04/08/2019)

TEXTO REFERENTE À QUESTÂO. 

Perfectly Preserved Ancient Shipwreck Found in the Baltic Sea with Guns Ready to Fire

By Yasemin Saplakoglu, Staff Writer | July 24, 2019 01:33pm ET

        An incredibly well-preserved ancient shipwreck has been uncovered in the Baltic Sea.

        Though it likely dates back to 500 to 600 years ago, "it's almost like it sank yesterday," Rodrigo Pacheco-Ruiz, a maritime archeologist with the survey specialists MMT, said in a statement. The ship was first discovered using sonar - which uses sound waves to detect objects - by the Swedish Maritime Administration back in 2009.

        But Pacheco-Ruiz and his team, in collaboration with the Centre for Maritime Archeology at the University of Southampton in England, recently led an archeological survey of the wreck using underwater robots.

        The survey revealed that the ship likely dates to the 15th to early 16th centuries. Though it looks tattered, it is still largely intact. The masts of the ship were still in place and the hull is complete. On the main deck, leaning against the main mast, the scientists found a small boat that was likely used to transport the crew to and from the ship. They also found swivel guns on the main deck, some still neatly packed away in gun ports. Two swivel guns were still aimed in the firing position, The Independent reported.

         "This ship is contemporary to the times of Christopher Columbus and Leonardo Da Vinci, yet it demonstrates a remarkable level of preservation after five hundred years at the bottom of the sea," Pacheco-Ruiz said. It's very wellpreserved due to the cold, slightly salty waters of the Baltic Sea, he added.

(Adaptado de < https://www.livescience.com/66011-ancientshipwreck-baltic-sea.html > Acesso em 04/08/2019)

TEXTO REFERENTE À QUESTÂO. 

Perfectly Preserved Ancient Shipwreck Found in the Baltic Sea with Guns Ready to Fire

By Yasemin Saplakoglu, Staff Writer | July 24, 2019 01:33pm ET

        An incredibly well-preserved ancient shipwreck has been uncovered in the Baltic Sea.

        Though it likely dates back to 500 to 600 years ago, "it's almost like it sank yesterday," Rodrigo Pacheco-Ruiz, a maritime archeologist with the survey specialists MMT, said in a statement. The ship was first discovered using sonar - which uses sound waves to detect objects - by the Swedish Maritime Administration back in 2009.

        But Pacheco-Ruiz and his team, in collaboration with the Centre for Maritime Archeology at the University of Southampton in England, recently led an archeological survey of the wreck using underwater robots.

        The survey revealed that the ship likely dates to the 15th to early 16th centuries. Though it looks tattered, it is still largely intact. The masts of the ship were still in place and the hull is complete. On the main deck, leaning against the main mast, the scientists found a small boat that was likely used to transport the crew to and from the ship. They also found swivel guns on the main deck, some still neatly packed away in gun ports. Two swivel guns were still aimed in the firing position, The Independent reported.

         "This ship is contemporary to the times of Christopher Columbus and Leonardo Da Vinci, yet it demonstrates a remarkable level of preservation after five hundred years at the bottom of the sea," Pacheco-Ruiz said. It's very wellpreserved due to the cold, slightly salty waters of the Baltic Sea, he added.

(Adaptado de < https://www.livescience.com/66011-ancientshipwreck-baltic-sea.html > Acesso em 04/08/2019)