Questões do ENEM: Linguagens

Un abuelo coraje de Las Vegas, informático y con un nieto autista, se dio cuenta de que Internet podría ser una buena herramienta para la rehabilitación de su nieto de seis años. Sin embargo, lo único que consiguió fue el desánimo tras constatar que para el pequeño Zac la gran cantidad de colores, los banners y los contenidos estridentes de la Red no lo ayudaban en nada. Con sus dotes de programador, John LeSieur diseñó un navegador web específico para niños autistas, que simplifica la búsqueda de contenidos y elimina los elementos que afectan a la mente de quienes sufren esta enfermedad.

John LeSieur, programador informático afincado en Las Vegas, se dio cuenta de que él mismo podría facilitar la vida a su nieto si creaba un navegador más sencillo. Aprovechando su pequeña empresa de software llamada People CD Inc., se dio a la tarea de proyectar el navegador. LeSieur sólo buscaba ayudar a su nieto Zackary Villeneuve, que vive en Saint Remi, Quebec (Canadá), pero una vez que publicó en Internet su proyecto, muchos padres quisieron probar el “Navegador Zac para niños autistas”.

Preguntando a pedagogos y rehabilitadores de autismo, el abuelo de Zac incorporó numerosas prestaciones a su navegador, como el bloqueo de algunas teclas y funciones del ordenador para que el niño no se distraiga con elementos secundarios, como el botón derecho del ratón o la tecla “Imprimir pantalla”. “Algunas partes de la Red tienen mucho material extraño que puede estar distrayendo y para un niño que se comunica de forma no verbal, no habría ninguna  posibilidad para que utilice esta información”, señaló un investigador de la Brown University de Rhode Island Stephen Sheinkopf.

Otros elementos del navegador, como los iconos simplificados y su gran tamaño, ayudan al pequeño a acceder de forma directa a juegos, cuentos o ejercicios mentales. “Estamos tratando de evitar aquellos sitios web que sean oscuros, agresivos visualmente o muy complicados, porque todo esto tiene qué ver con su propia autoestima. Si ellos no sienten que tienen el control, se frustrarán fácilmente”, asegura John LeSieur.

El País

OTR/PRESS – Las Vegas – 05/06/200

“Si ellos no sienten que tienen el control [...]” la palabra destacada, morfológicamente, es

Anna Smajdor, an ethicist at the University of East Anglia, claims that people’s control over their reproductive choices will be dramatically altered if sperm and eggs can be created from stray skin cells. A woman could, for example, pick up a bit of bodily detritus from a prominent man, take it to a laboratory and give birth to his genetic child. Smajdor says that what has been termed ‘reprogrammable biology’ gives us the capacity to make cells act in new ways, blurring what we mean by an egg or sperm or even embryo. She points out that the boundaries between these categories have become very fluid, with the development of techniques that allow us to alter their genetic make-up or prompt them to behave in new ways. This raises very perplexing questions about ethics, law and regulation.

    Most religions would welcome ways of giving infertile men and women a possibility to produce sperm and eggs, although they might object if making gametes involved destroying human embryos. Research into the reproductive process has triggered debates among scientists about how far human reproduction should be altered. All agree that men should be capable of producing eggs: the fact that men have an X chromosome, like women, should make it possible. Thus, male gay couples could, with the help of a surrogate mother, have their own biological baby. But things are more complicated when it comes to women becoming fathers: some scientists believe that the Y (male) chromosome is so important to sperm that attempts to use female cells will be doomed. But on one point, everyone can agree: for women to father children and men to make eggs would be as significant a breakthrough as the birth of the first test tube baby 30 years ago.

Adapted from The Daily Telegraph, February 12th, 2008

I- Em ...um sentimento conhecido por todos nós: a inveja. (L.13/14) e No início a coisa é branda: a gente reconhece... (L.32) os dois pontos podem ser substituídos pela expressão que é.

II- As orações Existem casos... (L.33) e ...explica Priscila Araújo... (L.40) são marcadas por um sujeito posposto.

III- O período ...é possível livrar a inveja do estigma de vilã... (L.37) pode ser reescrito, sem prejuízo de sentido, por ...é possível que se livre a inveja do estigma de vilã.

IV- O uso predominante das aspas, no texto, serve para destacar o posicionamento de especialistas no assunto em discussão.

Com base no texto abaixo, responda à questão.

Amor sem limite (fragmento)

Quando a gente ama alguém de verdade

Esse amor não se esquece

O tempo passa, tudo passa, mas no peito

O amor permanece

E qualquer minuto longe é demais

A saudade atormenta

Mas qualquer minuto perto é bom demais

O amor só aumenta.

Vivo por ela

Ninguém duvida

Porque ela é tudo

Na minha vida.

(Roberto Carlos e Erasmo Carlos)

Esta canção de Roberto e Erasmo Carlos situa a mulher num plano superior, de certa forma idealizada, e reserva ao eu-poético masculino a vassalagem amorosa. Desta forma, no cenário da poética medieval da literatura portuguesa, caracterizase a mulher nas cantigas de:

    One reason growth forecasts for rich nations are so grim is the common assumption that birth rates are falling. Fewer people will produce less income, and shrinking economies. Only the assumption of aging populations may be wrong, according to a recent report by Goldman Sachs that looks at key demographic trends for the 21st century.

    Since bottoming out in 2001, fertility rates in a number of developed economies have actually been on the rise. Among rich economies, the jump is most pronounced in places like the United Kingdom, France, Spain, and the U.S. Larger immigrant populations in these nations have something to do with this, as they tend to have more children. Yet the effect is only short term, as migrants adopt the fertility rates of their new homes within a generation or so.

    Goldman’s new analysis shows that another reason for the unexpected jump, and one that will play a bigger role in the future, is that women in rich countries have been having children later and later in life, something that traditional economic models don’t account for. Standard estimates of fertility are still tabulated assuming that most women are having children in their early 20s, rather than late 20s or even 30s and 40s, as has become more common in rich countries with lots of women in the workforce. “In parts of Europe (this method of calculation) has probably understated true fertility by about 15 to 20 percent,” notes Goldman Sachs economist Peter Berezin.

    Those are big numbers, with potentially very significant ramifications. For starters, it could be that some of the problems faced by aging nations with shrinking tax bases (like, for example, overblown health-care spending, crumbling infrastructure, and budget shortfalls) may not be quite as bad as once envisioned. In fact, there is some evidence to suggest that we may soon start seeing mini baby booms, which, in 20 years or so, could have a significant impact on the size of rich nations’ workforces, a shift that can’t come too soon for countries now struggling with unprecedented levels of national debt. Another bright spot – recent surveys by Eurobarometer show that European women between the ages of 25 and 39 want to have more children, if only it were easier to find a better work-life balance. Note to European leaders: stop worrying about the effects of immigration and start creating better-paid part-time work.

Newsweek, September 28, 2009

O título da crônica – Berço esplêndido – ecoa, em um trabalho de intertextualização, o hino nacional brasileiro. Essa expressão

I. reforça o sentimento patriótico do brasileiro quando se trata de futebol.

II. ironiza o patriotismo exagerado do brasileiro, quando se discute futebol.

III. enfatiza a grandiosidade e a beleza do Estádio do Maracanã.

Está correto o que se afirma