Questões do ENEM: Linguagens

Assinale a alternativa correta.

Do ponto de vista da norma culta, é correto afirmar que “coisarˮ é

Na tira acima, o autor retoma um célebre lema retirado do Manifesto Comunista (1848), de Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels: “Operários do mundo, uni-vos!”.

Considerando os sentidos produzidos pela tirinha, é correto afirmar que nela se lê

                                           TEXT

      Nearly 250 million young children across the world – 43% of under-fives – are unlikely to fulfil their potential as adults because of stunting and extreme poverty, new figures show.

      The first three years of life are crucial to a child’s development, according to a series of research papers published in the Lancet medical journal, which says there are also economic costs to the failure to help them grow. Those who do not get the nutrition, care and stimulation they need will earn about 26% less than others as adults.

      “The costs of not acting immediately to expand services to improve early childhood development are high for individuals and their families, as well as for societies,” say the researchers. The cost to some countries in GDP (gross domestic product), they estimate, is as much as twice their spending on healthcare.

      The figures come as the World Bank prepares for a summit meeting with finance ministers around the globe to discuss how nurturing children in their early years will help their countries’ economic development. The World Bank president, Jim Yong Kim, has told the Guardian that he intends to use the World Economic Forum in Davos each year to name and shame countries that do not reduce their high stunting rates.

       The Lancet series says the first 24 months of life are the critical time for avoiding stunting. Undernourished children living in extreme poverty end up small and their brain development is affected, so that they find it hard to learn. “Some catch-up is possible in height-for-age after 24 months, with uncertain cognitive gains,” says one of the papers. 

      In sub-Saharan Africa, 66% of children are estimated to be at risk of poor development because of stunting and poverty. In south Asia, the figure is 65%, and 18% in the Caribbean and South America.  

      Mothers need to be well nourished to give their babies a good start in life and be able to breastfeed. Families need help to give children the nutrition and nurturing they need, say researchers. That includes breastfeeding, free pre-school education – which is available in only two-thirds of high-income countries – paid leave for parents and a minimum wage to pull more families out of poverty.

      There are children at risk in all countries, rich and poor. The series points to early childhood programs that have been effective, including Sure Start in the UK, Early Head Start in the US, Chile’s Crece Contigo and Grade R in South Africa

      In a Comment piece in the journal, Dr Margaret Chan, director general of the World Health Organization, Anthony Lake, executive director of the United Nations Children’s Fund, and Keith Hansen, vice-president for human development at the World Bank, write: “The early childhood agenda is truly global, because the need is not limited to low-income countries. Children living in disadvantaged households in middle-income and wealthy countries are also at risk.

      “In targeting our investments, we should give priority to populations in the greatest need, such as families and children in extreme poverty and those who require humanitarian assistance. In addition, we have to build more resilient systems in vulnerable communities to mitigate the disruptive influence of natural disasters, fragility, conflict, and violence.”

      Wanda Wyporska, executive director of the Equality Trust, said: “It’s no surprise that the richer you are, the better your health is likely to be”. But the chasm of health inequality between rich and poor has widened in recent years.

      “Being born into a poor family shouldn’t mean decades of poorer health and even premature death, but that’s the shameful reality of the UK’s health gap. If you rank neighborhoods in the UK from the richest to the poorest, you have almost perfectly ranked health from the best to the worst.”

                                     https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/oct/04

                                           TEXT

      Nearly 250 million young children across the world – 43% of under-fives – are unlikely to fulfil their potential as adults because of stunting and extreme poverty, new figures show.

      The first three years of life are crucial to a child’s development, according to a series of research papers published in the Lancet medical journal, which says there are also economic costs to the failure to help them grow. Those who do not get the nutrition, care and stimulation they need will earn about 26% less than others as adults.

      “The costs of not acting immediately to expand services to improve early childhood development are high for individuals and their families, as well as for societies,” say the researchers. The cost to some countries in GDP (gross domestic product), they estimate, is as much as twice their spending on healthcare.

      The figures come as the World Bank prepares for a summit meeting with finance ministers around the globe to discuss how nurturing children in their early years will help their countries’ economic development. The World Bank president, Jim Yong Kim, has told the Guardian that he intends to use the World Economic Forum in Davos each year to name and shame countries that do not reduce their high stunting rates.

       The Lancet series says the first 24 months of life are the critical time for avoiding stunting. Undernourished children living in extreme poverty end up small and their brain development is affected, so that they find it hard to learn. “Some catch-up is possible in height-for-age after 24 months, with uncertain cognitive gains,” says one of the papers. 

      In sub-Saharan Africa, 66% of children are estimated to be at risk of poor development because of stunting and poverty. In south Asia, the figure is 65%, and 18% in the Caribbean and South America.  

      Mothers need to be well nourished to give their babies a good start in life and be able to breastfeed. Families need help to give children the nutrition and nurturing they need, say researchers. That includes breastfeeding, free pre-school education – which is available in only two-thirds of high-income countries – paid leave for parents and a minimum wage to pull more families out of poverty.

      There are children at risk in all countries, rich and poor. The series points to early childhood programs that have been effective, including Sure Start in the UK, Early Head Start in the US, Chile’s Crece Contigo and Grade R in South Africa

      In a Comment piece in the journal, Dr Margaret Chan, director general of the World Health Organization, Anthony Lake, executive director of the United Nations Children’s Fund, and Keith Hansen, vice-president for human development at the World Bank, write: “The early childhood agenda is truly global, because the need is not limited to low-income countries. Children living in disadvantaged households in middle-income and wealthy countries are also at risk.

      “In targeting our investments, we should give priority to populations in the greatest need, such as families and children in extreme poverty and those who require humanitarian assistance. In addition, we have to build more resilient systems in vulnerable communities to mitigate the disruptive influence of natural disasters, fragility, conflict, and violence.”

      Wanda Wyporska, executive director of the Equality Trust, said: “It’s no surprise that the richer you are, the better your health is likely to be”. But the chasm of health inequality between rich and poor has widened in recent years.

      “Being born into a poor family shouldn’t mean decades of poorer health and even premature death, but that’s the shameful reality of the UK’s health gap. If you rank neighborhoods in the UK from the richest to the poorest, you have almost perfectly ranked health from the best to the worst.”

                                     https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/oct/04

                                           TEXT

      Nearly 250 million young children across the world – 43% of under-fives – are unlikely to fulfil their potential as adults because of stunting and extreme poverty, new figures show.

      The first three years of life are crucial to a child’s development, according to a series of research papers published in the Lancet medical journal, which says there are also economic costs to the failure to help them grow. Those who do not get the nutrition, care and stimulation they need will earn about 26% less than others as adults.

      “The costs of not acting immediately to expand services to improve early childhood development are high for individuals and their families, as well as for societies,” say the researchers. The cost to some countries in GDP (gross domestic product), they estimate, is as much as twice their spending on healthcare.

      The figures come as the World Bank prepares for a summit meeting with finance ministers around the globe to discuss how nurturing children in their early years will help their countries’ economic development. The World Bank president, Jim Yong Kim, has told the Guardian that he intends to use the World Economic Forum in Davos each year to name and shame countries that do not reduce their high stunting rates.

       The Lancet series says the first 24 months of life are the critical time for avoiding stunting. Undernourished children living in extreme poverty end up small and their brain development is affected, so that they find it hard to learn. “Some catch-up is possible in height-for-age after 24 months, with uncertain cognitive gains,” says one of the papers. 

      In sub-Saharan Africa, 66% of children are estimated to be at risk of poor development because of stunting and poverty. In south Asia, the figure is 65%, and 18% in the Caribbean and South America.  

      Mothers need to be well nourished to give their babies a good start in life and be able to breastfeed. Families need help to give children the nutrition and nurturing they need, say researchers. That includes breastfeeding, free pre-school education – which is available in only two-thirds of high-income countries – paid leave for parents and a minimum wage to pull more families out of poverty.

      There are children at risk in all countries, rich and poor. The series points to early childhood programs that have been effective, including Sure Start in the UK, Early Head Start in the US, Chile’s Crece Contigo and Grade R in South Africa

      In a Comment piece in the journal, Dr Margaret Chan, director general of the World Health Organization, Anthony Lake, executive director of the United Nations Children’s Fund, and Keith Hansen, vice-president for human development at the World Bank, write: “The early childhood agenda is truly global, because the need is not limited to low-income countries. Children living in disadvantaged households in middle-income and wealthy countries are also at risk.

      “In targeting our investments, we should give priority to populations in the greatest need, such as families and children in extreme poverty and those who require humanitarian assistance. In addition, we have to build more resilient systems in vulnerable communities to mitigate the disruptive influence of natural disasters, fragility, conflict, and violence.”

      Wanda Wyporska, executive director of the Equality Trust, said: “It’s no surprise that the richer you are, the better your health is likely to be”. But the chasm of health inequality between rich and poor has widened in recent years.

      “Being born into a poor family shouldn’t mean decades of poorer health and even premature death, but that’s the shameful reality of the UK’s health gap. If you rank neighborhoods in the UK from the richest to the poorest, you have almost perfectly ranked health from the best to the worst.”

                                     https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/oct/04

                                           TEXT

      Nearly 250 million young children across the world – 43% of under-fives – are unlikely to fulfil their potential as adults because of stunting and extreme poverty, new figures show.

      The first three years of life are crucial to a child’s development, according to a series of research papers published in the Lancet medical journal, which says there are also economic costs to the failure to help them grow. Those who do not get the nutrition, care and stimulation they need will earn about 26% less than others as adults.

      “The costs of not acting immediately to expand services to improve early childhood development are high for individuals and their families, as well as for societies,” say the researchers. The cost to some countries in GDP (gross domestic product), they estimate, is as much as twice their spending on healthcare.

      The figures come as the World Bank prepares for a summit meeting with finance ministers around the globe to discuss how nurturing children in their early years will help their countries’ economic development. The World Bank president, Jim Yong Kim, has told the Guardian that he intends to use the World Economic Forum in Davos each year to name and shame countries that do not reduce their high stunting rates.

       The Lancet series says the first 24 months of life are the critical time for avoiding stunting. Undernourished children living in extreme poverty end up small and their brain development is affected, so that they find it hard to learn. “Some catch-up is possible in height-for-age after 24 months, with uncertain cognitive gains,” says one of the papers. 

      In sub-Saharan Africa, 66% of children are estimated to be at risk of poor development because of stunting and poverty. In south Asia, the figure is 65%, and 18% in the Caribbean and South America.  

      Mothers need to be well nourished to give their babies a good start in life and be able to breastfeed. Families need help to give children the nutrition and nurturing they need, say researchers. That includes breastfeeding, free pre-school education – which is available in only two-thirds of high-income countries – paid leave for parents and a minimum wage to pull more families out of poverty.

      There are children at risk in all countries, rich and poor. The series points to early childhood programs that have been effective, including Sure Start in the UK, Early Head Start in the US, Chile’s Crece Contigo and Grade R in South Africa

      In a Comment piece in the journal, Dr Margaret Chan, director general of the World Health Organization, Anthony Lake, executive director of the United Nations Children’s Fund, and Keith Hansen, vice-president for human development at the World Bank, write: “The early childhood agenda is truly global, because the need is not limited to low-income countries. Children living in disadvantaged households in middle-income and wealthy countries are also at risk.

      “In targeting our investments, we should give priority to populations in the greatest need, such as families and children in extreme poverty and those who require humanitarian assistance. In addition, we have to build more resilient systems in vulnerable communities to mitigate the disruptive influence of natural disasters, fragility, conflict, and violence.”

      Wanda Wyporska, executive director of the Equality Trust, said: “It’s no surprise that the richer you are, the better your health is likely to be”. But the chasm of health inequality between rich and poor has widened in recent years.

      “Being born into a poor family shouldn’t mean decades of poorer health and even premature death, but that’s the shameful reality of the UK’s health gap. If you rank neighborhoods in the UK from the richest to the poorest, you have almost perfectly ranked health from the best to the worst.”

                                     https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/oct/04

                                           TEXT

      Nearly 250 million young children across the world – 43% of under-fives – are unlikely to fulfil their potential as adults because of stunting and extreme poverty, new figures show.

      The first three years of life are crucial to a child’s development, according to a series of research papers published in the Lancet medical journal, which says there are also economic costs to the failure to help them grow. Those who do not get the nutrition, care and stimulation they need will earn about 26% less than others as adults.

      “The costs of not acting immediately to expand services to improve early childhood development are high for individuals and their families, as well as for societies,” say the researchers. The cost to some countries in GDP (gross domestic product), they estimate, is as much as twice their spending on healthcare.

      The figures come as the World Bank prepares for a summit meeting with finance ministers around the globe to discuss how nurturing children in their early years will help their countries’ economic development. The World Bank president, Jim Yong Kim, has told the Guardian that he intends to use the World Economic Forum in Davos each year to name and shame countries that do not reduce their high stunting rates.

       The Lancet series says the first 24 months of life are the critical time for avoiding stunting. Undernourished children living in extreme poverty end up small and their brain development is affected, so that they find it hard to learn. “Some catch-up is possible in height-for-age after 24 months, with uncertain cognitive gains,” says one of the papers. 

      In sub-Saharan Africa, 66% of children are estimated to be at risk of poor development because of stunting and poverty. In south Asia, the figure is 65%, and 18% in the Caribbean and South America.  

      Mothers need to be well nourished to give their babies a good start in life and be able to breastfeed. Families need help to give children the nutrition and nurturing they need, say researchers. That includes breastfeeding, free pre-school education – which is available in only two-thirds of high-income countries – paid leave for parents and a minimum wage to pull more families out of poverty.

      There are children at risk in all countries, rich and poor. The series points to early childhood programs that have been effective, including Sure Start in the UK, Early Head Start in the US, Chile’s Crece Contigo and Grade R in South Africa

      In a Comment piece in the journal, Dr Margaret Chan, director general of the World Health Organization, Anthony Lake, executive director of the United Nations Children’s Fund, and Keith Hansen, vice-president for human development at the World Bank, write: “The early childhood agenda is truly global, because the need is not limited to low-income countries. Children living in disadvantaged households in middle-income and wealthy countries are also at risk.

      “In targeting our investments, we should give priority to populations in the greatest need, such as families and children in extreme poverty and those who require humanitarian assistance. In addition, we have to build more resilient systems in vulnerable communities to mitigate the disruptive influence of natural disasters, fragility, conflict, and violence.”

      Wanda Wyporska, executive director of the Equality Trust, said: “It’s no surprise that the richer you are, the better your health is likely to be”. But the chasm of health inequality between rich and poor has widened in recent years.

      “Being born into a poor family shouldn’t mean decades of poorer health and even premature death, but that’s the shameful reality of the UK’s health gap. If you rank neighborhoods in the UK from the richest to the poorest, you have almost perfectly ranked health from the best to the worst.”

                                     https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/oct/04

                                           TEXT

      Nearly 250 million young children across the world – 43% of under-fives – are unlikely to fulfil their potential as adults because of stunting and extreme poverty, new figures show.

      The first three years of life are crucial to a child’s development, according to a series of research papers published in the Lancet medical journal, which says there are also economic costs to the failure to help them grow. Those who do not get the nutrition, care and stimulation they need will earn about 26% less than others as adults.

      “The costs of not acting immediately to expand services to improve early childhood development are high for individuals and their families, as well as for societies,” say the researchers. The cost to some countries in GDP (gross domestic product), they estimate, is as much as twice their spending on healthcare.

      The figures come as the World Bank prepares for a summit meeting with finance ministers around the globe to discuss how nurturing children in their early years will help their countries’ economic development. The World Bank president, Jim Yong Kim, has told the Guardian that he intends to use the World Economic Forum in Davos each year to name and shame countries that do not reduce their high stunting rates.

       The Lancet series says the first 24 months of life are the critical time for avoiding stunting. Undernourished children living in extreme poverty end up small and their brain development is affected, so that they find it hard to learn. “Some catch-up is possible in height-for-age after 24 months, with uncertain cognitive gains,” says one of the papers. 

      In sub-Saharan Africa, 66% of children are estimated to be at risk of poor development because of stunting and poverty. In south Asia, the figure is 65%, and 18% in the Caribbean and South America.  

      Mothers need to be well nourished to give their babies a good start in life and be able to breastfeed. Families need help to give children the nutrition and nurturing they need, say researchers. That includes breastfeeding, free pre-school education – which is available in only two-thirds of high-income countries – paid leave for parents and a minimum wage to pull more families out of poverty.

      There are children at risk in all countries, rich and poor. The series points to early childhood programs that have been effective, including Sure Start in the UK, Early Head Start in the US, Chile’s Crece Contigo and Grade R in South Africa

      In a Comment piece in the journal, Dr Margaret Chan, director general of the World Health Organization, Anthony Lake, executive director of the United Nations Children’s Fund, and Keith Hansen, vice-president for human development at the World Bank, write: “The early childhood agenda is truly global, because the need is not limited to low-income countries. Children living in disadvantaged households in middle-income and wealthy countries are also at risk.

      “In targeting our investments, we should give priority to populations in the greatest need, such as families and children in extreme poverty and those who require humanitarian assistance. In addition, we have to build more resilient systems in vulnerable communities to mitigate the disruptive influence of natural disasters, fragility, conflict, and violence.”

      Wanda Wyporska, executive director of the Equality Trust, said: “It’s no surprise that the richer you are, the better your health is likely to be”. But the chasm of health inequality between rich and poor has widened in recent years.

      “Being born into a poor family shouldn’t mean decades of poorer health and even premature death, but that’s the shameful reality of the UK’s health gap. If you rank neighborhoods in the UK from the richest to the poorest, you have almost perfectly ranked health from the best to the worst.”

                                     https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/oct/04

O texto 1 desta prova consta, como prefácio, da 2ª edição do romance Janelas Fechadas, do maranhense Josué Montello, publicado pela primeira vez em 1941. Foi escrito por Tristão de Athayde (Alceu Amoroso Lima), que compõe uma crítica na qual desenvolve ideias originais, como uma aproximação entre Benzinho, protagonista do romance de Montello, e Capitu.

O texto 1 desta prova consta, como prefácio, da 2ª edição do romance Janelas Fechadas, do maranhense Josué Montello, publicado pela primeira vez em 1941. Foi escrito por Tristão de Athayde (Alceu Amoroso Lima), que compõe uma crítica na qual desenvolve ideias originais, como uma aproximação entre Benzinho, protagonista do romance de Montello, e Capitu.

O texto 1 desta prova consta, como prefácio, da 2ª edição do romance Janelas Fechadas, do maranhense Josué Montello, publicado pela primeira vez em 1941. Foi escrito por Tristão de Athayde (Alceu Amoroso Lima), que compõe uma crítica na qual desenvolve ideias originais, como uma aproximação entre Benzinho, protagonista do romance de Montello, e Capitu.

Considerando a índole de Benzinho, observe os seguintes itens:

I. preocupações maiores com questões masculinas do que femininas;

II. preocupação com a alienação da mulher;

III. desambição de ascensão social.

Está relacionado com o caráter de benzinho apenas o que consta em

O texto 1 desta prova consta, como prefácio, da 2ª edição do romance Janelas Fechadas, do maranhense Josué Montello, publicado pela primeira vez em 1941. Foi escrito por Tristão de Athayde (Alceu Amoroso Lima), que compõe uma crítica na qual desenvolve ideias originais, como uma aproximação entre Benzinho, protagonista do romance de Montello, e Capitu.

O texto 1 desta prova consta, como prefácio, da 2ª edição do romance Janelas Fechadas, do maranhense Josué Montello, publicado pela primeira vez em 1941. Foi escrito por Tristão de Athayde (Alceu Amoroso Lima), que compõe uma crítica na qual desenvolve ideias originais, como uma aproximação entre Benzinho, protagonista do romance de Montello, e Capitu.

O texto 1 desta prova consta, como prefácio, da 2ª edição do romance Janelas Fechadas, do maranhense Josué Montello, publicado pela primeira vez em 1941. Foi escrito por Tristão de Athayde (Alceu Amoroso Lima), que compõe uma crítica na qual desenvolve ideias originais, como uma aproximação entre Benzinho, protagonista do romance de Montello, e Capitu.

Considere a expressão “qualquer das Inocências, ou Moreninhas do romantismo de sua época” (linhas 32-34):

I. O crítico, nesta passagem do texto, refere-se diretamente aos romances Inocência (de Visconde de Taunay) e A Moreninha (de Joaquim Manuel de Macedo) e indiretamente às personagens do mesmo nome.

II. O que o crítico chama de “romantismo de sua época” (época de Josué Montello) é um Romantismo tardio, fora de época; extemporâneo.

III. O pronome “qualquer”, no excerto transcrito, equivale a “nenhuma”.

Está correto o que se diz apenas em

O texto 1 desta prova consta, como prefácio, da 2ª edição do romance Janelas Fechadas, do maranhense Josué Montello, publicado pela primeira vez em 1941. Foi escrito por Tristão de Athayde (Alceu Amoroso Lima), que compõe uma crítica na qual desenvolve ideias originais, como uma aproximação entre Benzinho, protagonista do romance de Montello, e Capitu.

TEXTO 8

                                             IX

Horas depois, teve Rubião um pensamento horrível. Podiam crer que ele próprio incitara o amigo à viagem, para o fim de o matar mais depressa, e entrar na posse do legado, se é que realmente estava incluso no testamento. Sentiu remorsos. Por que não empregou todas as forças, para contê-lo? Viu o cadáver do Quincas Borba, pálido, hediondo, fitando nele um olhar vingativo; resolveu, se acaso o fatal desfecho se desse em viagem, abrir mão do legado.

Pela sua parte o cão vivia farejando, ganindo, querendo fugir; não podia dormir quieto, levantava-se muitas vezes, à noite, percorria a casa, e tornava ao seu canto. De manhã, Rubião chamava-o à cama, e o cão acudia alegre; imaginava que era o próprio dono; via depois que não era, mas aceitava as carícias, e fazia-lhe outras, como se Rubião tivesse de levar as suas ao amigo, ou trazê-lo para ali. Demais, havia-se-lhe afeiçoado também, e para ele era a ponte que o ligava à existência anterior. Não comeu durante os primeiros dias. Suportando menos a sede, Rubião pôde alcançar que bebesse leite; foi a única alimentação por algum tempo. Mais tarde, passava as horas, calado, triste, enrolado em si mesmo, ou então com o corpo estendido e a cabeça entre as mãos.

Quando o médico voltou, ficou espantado da temeridade do doente; deviam tê-lo impedido de sair; a morte era certa.

— Certa?

— Mais tarde ou mais cedo. Levou o tal cachorro?

— Não, senhor, está comigo; pediu que cuidasse dele, e chorou, olhe que chorou que foi um nunca acabar. Verdade é, disse ainda Rubião para defender o enfermo, verdade é que o cachorro merece a estima do dono; parece gente.

O médico tirou o largo chapéu de palha para concertar a fita; depois sorriu. Gente? Com que então parecia gente? Rubião insistia, depois explicava; não era gente como a outra gente, mas tinha coisas de sentimento, e até de juízo. Olhe, ia contar-lhe uma...

— Não, homem, não, logo, logo, vou a um doente de erisipela... Se vierem cartas dele, e não forem reservadas, desejo vê-las, ouviu? E lembranças ao cachorro, concluiu saindo.

Algumas pessoas começaram a mofar do Rubião e da singular incumbência de guardar um cão em vez de ser o cão que o guardasse a ele. Vinha a risota, choviam as alcunhas. Em que havia de dar o professor! sentinela de cachorro! Rubião tinha medo da opinião pública. Com efeito, parecia-lhe ridículo; fugia aos olhos estranhos, olhava com fastio para o animal, dava-se ao diabo, arrenegava da vida. Não tivesse a esperança de um legado, pequeno que fosse. Era impossível que lhe não deixasse uma lembrança.

(ASSIS, Machado de. Quincas Borba. São Paulo: Ática, 2011. p. 30-31.)