Questões do ENEM: Linguagens

• Assinale a alternativa que corresponde à informação contida no texto

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De acordo com o cartum abaixo, o dilema do consumidor é

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Texto I

Brasília, 18 - Ao agradecer o apoio que os parlamentares têm dado ao governo e apelar pela aprovação da reforma da Previdência, no café da manhã, no Palácio da Alvorada, o presidente Michel Temer disse que "o governo só resistiu porque nós estamos trabalhando juntos, o Executivo e o Legislativo". E desabafou: "Eu tenho resistido o quanto posso." Em seguida, sem se referir diretamente às investigações da Operação Lava Jato, que atingiram todos os setores, Temer emendou: "não podemos nos acoelhar". Ele reconhece que existe uma "situação delicada", mas ressalvou: "(Situação) delicada, deixemos para o Judiciário e, no mais, o Executivo e o Legislativo trabalham". (...)

Fonte: http://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2017/04/18/interna_politica,863090/ eu-tenho-resistido-o-quanto-posso-diz-temer-a-parlamentares.shtml. Acesso em 18 de abril de 2017. Adaptado.

Era digital desafia exercício profissional

    ''A medicina não sobreviverá ao velho método do médico de família, mas terá que se adaptar”. A afirmação é do desembargador do Tribunal de Justiça do Distrito Federal e Territórios (TJDFT), Diaulas Costa Ribeiro, proferida durante a mesa redonda “Panorama atual das mídias sociais e aplicativos na medicina contemporânea”. Para ele, as novas tecnologias trazem desafios que precisam ser colocados em perspectiva para garantir a ética e o sigilo.

    “Possivelmente vamos chegar a uma medicina sem gosto, distanciada, mas que também funciona. Talvez este não seja o fi m, mas um recomeço”, ponderou Ribeiro. Segundo ele, antes de gerar um novo modelo de atendimento médico, o “dr. Google” – termo que utilizou para indicar as buscas por informações médicas na internet – gerou um novo tipo de paciente, que passou a conhecer mais sobre as doenças e, por isso, exige um novo relacionamento com seu médico.

    O desembargador ainda reforçou a necessidade de se rediscutir questões como o uso da internet nessa relação médico-paciente e a segurança do sigilo médico neste cenário. “Precisamos refletir sobre algumas questões importantes. Quem guardará o sigilo? Ou não haverá sigilo? O sigilo médico será mantido ou  valerá o direito público à informação? Os conflitos serão reinventados ou serão os mesmos? A solução para os problemas será a de sempre?”, indagou. Ética – Na perspectiva do médico legista e professor da Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Malthus Galvão, embora acredite que algumas mudanças serão inevitáveis e necessárias, é preciso defender os princípios fundamentais instituídos pelo Código de ética médica (CEM). 

    “As novas mídias devem ser entendidas como um sistema de interação social, de compartilhamento e criação colaborativa de informação nos mais diversos formatos e não podemos perder essa oportunidade”, destacou. Ele lembra, por exemplo, que desde a Resolução CFM 1.643/2002, que defi ne e disciplina a prestação de serviços através da telemedicina, alguns avanços colaborativos já foram possíveis.    

    Galvão apresentou ainda preceitos da Resolução CFM 1.974/2011 e também da Lei do Ato Médico (12.842/2013), chamando a atenção para alguns cuidados que o médico deve ter ao divulgar conteúdo de forma sensacionalista. “Segundo o CEM, é vedada a divulgação de informação sobre assunto médico de forma sensacionalista, promocional ou de conteúdo inverídico. A internet deve ser usada como um instrumento de promoção da saúde e orientação à população”, reforçou.

Editorial do Jornal Medicina – Publicação oficial do Conselho

Federal de Medicina (CFM). Brasília, jul. 2017, p. 7.

A alegria ainda morou na cabana, todo o tempo que as espigas de milho levaram para amarelecer. Uma alvorada, caminhava o cristão pela borda do mar. Sua alma estava cansada. O colibri sacia-se de mel e perfume; depois adormece em seu branco ninho de cotão, até que volta no outro ano a lua das flores. Como o colibri, a alma do guerreiro também satura-se de felicidade, e carece de sono e repouso. A caça e as excursões pelas montanhas em companhia do amigo, as carícias da terna esposa que o esperavam na volta, e o doce carbeto no copiar da cabana, já não acordavam nele as emoções de outrora. Seu coração ressonava.

Quando Iracema brincava pela praia, os olhos do guerreiro retiravam-se dela para se estenderem pela imensidade dos mares.

Viram umas asas brancas, que adejavam pelos campos azuis. Conheceu o cristão que era uma grande igara de muitas velas, como construíam seus irmãos; e a saudade da pátria apertou-lhe no seio. 

O trecho acima integra o romance Iracema, de José de Alencar. Dele não se pode afirmar que

What the World Needs Now

Lyrics by Hall David

What the world needs now is love,

sweet love It’s the only thing that there’s just too little of

What the world needs now is love,

sweet love, No not just for some but for everyone.

Lord, we don’t need another mountain,

There are mountains and hillsides enough to climb

There are oceans and rivers enough to cross,

Enough to last till the end of time.

Este trecho da letra da música sugere que

Utilize o infográfico para responder a questão.

Read the demographics below and answer the following question based on it.

As regards the California nursing home residents demographics above it is true to state that

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The Healing Power of Music

What better “medicine” than a “treatment” that has only positive side effects and “therapy” that is actually enjoyable? Music is shown to have the ability to help organize the brain; especially vital to those who are afflicted with Alzheimer’s.

Studies have shown that the results of a musical therapy session last for several hours afterward. Positive results include elevated mood, increased socialization and appetite and reduction in agitation. These benefits are attributed to the stimulation the brain receives during a music therapy session, a sort of “cognitive workout”.

As speech, writing and traditional forms of communication are compromised, music provides an alternative means of maintaining a connection, thereby helping to normalize interaction between caregiver and patient. Music used therapeutically creates an environment where the patient can be nurtured and cared for in a way that is safe, gentle and appropriate. Music is central to maintaining human bonds when those with dementia have lost the ability to initiate communication or to respond verbally.

The powers of music when focused and used therapeutically are many. Critical to maintaining quality of life for those with Alzheimer’s is management of emotions and preserving the connection with others. Music is conducive to keeping those connections strong as long as possible while helping the participant to focus, increase awareness and orient to the environment. A number of research studies have looked at music therapy as an important adjunct to medical treatment and findings suggest a possible link between the use of music and slowing the progression of dementia.

Music is primal to life and expressed by each of us every day whether through dancing to a favorite tune, keeping rhythm with a pencil or remembering a special time when hearing a forgotten melody. It is central to our lives and is embedded in our culture, defining how we acknowledge milestones, rites of passage and celebrations as well as providing comfort, transformation and inspiration.

         Acessado em 14 de abril de 2017. Adaptado

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Abstract

Skipping breakfast can be potentially harmful because breakfast consumption is considered one of the important health-related behaviors that benefit physical and mental health. As the rate of depression has increased recently, we investigated the association between the frequency of eating breakfast and depression in adults. We obtained the data from the 2013 Korean Community Health Survey; a total of 207,710 survey participants aged 20 years or over were studied. Participants were categorized into three groups by the frequency of breakfast consumption as follows: “seldom,” “sometimes,” and “always.” We performed a multiple logistic regression to investigate the association between breakfast consumption and depressive mood. Subgroup analyses were conducted by stratifying socioeconomic variables controlling for variables known to be associated with depressive symptoms. Participants who had breakfast seldom or sometimes had higher depressive symptoms than those who always ate breakfast (“seldom”: OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.36–1.52; “sometimes”: OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.23–1.40). Subgroup analyses showed that this association was more marked in those who were 80 years or older, those who had low household income, or those with elementary school education level or less. The result of this study suggests that lack of breakfast consumption is associated with depression among adults with different socioeconomic factors.

Adaptado de: Acessado em 18 de abril de 2017

Read the text below and answer the following questions based on it.

Abstract

Skipping breakfast can be potentially harmful because breakfast consumption is considered one of the important health-related behaviors that benefit physical and mental health. As the rate of depression has increased recently, we investigated the association between the frequency of eating breakfast and depression in adults. We obtained the data from the 2013 Korean Community Health Survey; a total of 207,710 survey participants aged 20 years or over were studied. Participants were categorized into three groups by the frequency of breakfast consumption as follows: “seldom,” “sometimes,” and “always.” We performed a multiple logistic regression to investigate the association between breakfast consumption and depressive mood. Subgroup analyses were conducted by stratifying socioeconomic variables controlling for variables known to be associated with depressive symptoms. Participants who had breakfast seldom or sometimes had higher depressive symptoms than those who always ate breakfast (“seldom”: OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.36–1.52; “sometimes”: OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.23–1.40). Subgroup analyses showed that this association was more marked in those who were 80 years or older, those who had low household income, or those with elementary school education level or less. The result of this study suggests that lack of breakfast consumption is associated with depression among adults with different socioeconomic factors.

Adaptado de: Acessado em 18 de abril de 2017

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Yellow Fever — Once Again on the Radar Screen in the Americas

Over the past several weeks, a fifth arbovirus, yellow fever virus, has broken out in Brazil, with the majority of the infections occurring in rural areas of the country. These are referred to as sylvatic, or jungle, cases, since the typical transmission cycle occurs between forest mosquitoes and forest-dwelling nonhuman primates, with humans serving only as incidental hosts. In this ongoing outbreak, health authorities have reported 234 confirmed infections and 80 confirmed deaths as of February 2017. Confirmed infections have occurred in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, and São Paulo, and hundreds of additional cases remain under investigation. The high number of cases is out of proportion to the number reported in a typical year in these areas.

Although there is currently no evidence that human-tohuman transmission through Aedes aegypti mosquitoes (urban transmission) has occurred, the outbreak is affecting areas in close proximity to major urban centers where yellow fever vaccine is not routinely administered. This proximity raises concern that, for the first time in decades, urban transmission of yellow fever will occur in Brazil.

Yellow fever is the most severe arbovirus ever to circulate in the Americas, and although vaccination campaigns and vector-control efforts have eliminated it from many areas, sylvatic transmission cycles continue to occur in endemic tropical regions. The most recent outbreak in Brazil highlights this phenomenon. If the current outbreak leads to urban spread through A. aegypti mosquitoes, clinicians should adopt a high index of suspicion for yellow fever, particularly in travelers returning from affected regions. As with all potentially reemerging infectious diseases, public health awareness and preparedness are essential to prevent a resurgence of this historical threat.

        Adaptado de: Acessado em 15 de abril de 2017.