Questões do ENEM: Linguagens

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 to end poverty, reduce inequality and build more peaceful, prosperous societies by 2030.

The widespread destruction of the natural world is weakening the achievement of the SDGs and exposing humanity’s future to danger. A human-induced triple planetary crisis of climate change, nature and biodiversity loss, and pollution and waste is pushing nature to the breaking point. That is putting at risk the food we eat, the air we breathe, the water we drink and the materials and resources upon which our societies are built.

The triple planetary crisis is stressing most heavily the vulnerable, including the poor, women and indigenous peoples. Unless humanity reverses its environmental course, it will be impossible to achieve the SDGs.

(www.unep.org. Adaptado.)

De acordo com o texto, um dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável adotado pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) é

Leia o trecho a seguir, retirado do romance Macunaíma, de Mário de Andrade, para responder à questão.

Uma feita a Sol cobrira os três manos duma escaminha de suor e Macunaíma se lembrou de tomar banho. Porém no rio era impossível por causa das piranhas tão vorazes que de quando em quando, na luta pra pegar um naco de irmã espedaçada, pulavam aos cachos pra fora d’água metro e mais. Então Macunaíma enxergou numa lapa bem no meio do rio uma cova cheia d’água. E a cova era que nem a marca dum pé gigante. Abicaram. O herói depois de muitos gritos por causa do frio da água entrou na cova e se lavou inteirinho. Mas a água era encantada porque aquele buraco na lapa era marca do pezão do Sumé, do tempo em que andava pregando o evangelho de Jesus pra indiada brasileira. Quando o herói saiu do banho estava branco loiro e de olhos azuizinhos, água lavara o pretume dele. E ninguém não seria capaz mais de indicar nele um filho da tribo retinta dos Tapanhumas.

Nem bem Jiguê percebeu o milagre, se atirou na marca do pezão do Sumé. Porém a água já estava muito suja da negrura do herói e por mais que Jiguê esfregasse feito maluco atirando água pra todos os lados só conseguiu ficar da cor do bronze novo. Macunaíma teve dó e consolou:

— Olhe, mano Jiguê, branco você ficou não, porém pretume foi-se e antes fanhoso que sem nariz.

(Macunaíma, 2013.)

O episódio narrado neste trecho exemplifica uma característica marcante da personagem Macunaíma:

Considere a tirinha a seguir, publicada no perfil @devaneioshq do Instagram em 11.06.2025, para responder à questão.

Em relação ao momento em que o narrador conta a história, os fatos narrados acontecem

Considere a tirinha a seguir, publicada no perfil @devaneioshq do Instagram em 11.06.2025, para responder à questão.

Para a produção do efeito humorístico, o autor recorre, no quarto quadrinho,

Leia o trecho de uma música escrita pelo cantor George Michael para responder à questão.

How can I help you?

Please let me try to I can heal the pain that you’re feeling inside

Whenever you want me, you know that I will be

Waiting for the day that you say you’ll be mine

Won’t you let me in? Let this love begin

Won’t you show me your heart now?

I’ll be good to you, I can make this thing true

Show me that heart right now

Who needs a lover that can’t be a friend

Something tells me I’m the one you’ve been looking for, oh

If you ever should see him again

Won’t you tell him you’ve found someone who gives you more?

Someone who will protect you, love and respect you

All those things that he never could bring to you

Like I do or rather I would

Won’t you show me your heart like you should?

(www.streetdirectory.com. Adaptado.)

O trecho da música que revela uma correção enunciativa no discurso do eu lírico é:

Leia o trecho de uma música escrita pelo cantor George Michael para responder à questão.

How can I help you?

Please let me try to I can heal the pain that you’re feeling inside

Whenever you want me, you know that I will be

Waiting for the day that you say you’ll be mine

Won’t you let me in? Let this love begin

Won’t you show me your heart now?

I’ll be good to you, I can make this thing true

Show me that heart right now

Who needs a lover that can’t be a friend

Something tells me I’m the one you’ve been looking for, oh

If you ever should see him again

Won’t you tell him you’ve found someone who gives you more?

Someone who will protect you, love and respect you

All those things that he never could bring to you

Like I do or rather I would

Won’t you show me your heart like you should?

(www.streetdirectory.com. Adaptado.)

No trecho “Who needs a lover that can’t be a friend” (3ª estrofe), o termo sublinhado é empregado com o mesmo sentido do termo sublinhado em:

Leia o trecho de uma música escrita pelo cantor George Michael para responder à questão.

How can I help you?

Please let me try to I can heal the pain that you’re feeling inside

Whenever you want me, you know that I will be

Waiting for the day that you say you’ll be mine

Won’t you let me in? Let this love begin

Won’t you show me your heart now?

I’ll be good to you, I can make this thing true

Show me that heart right now

Who needs a lover that can’t be a friend

Something tells me I’m the one you’ve been looking for, oh

If you ever should see him again

Won’t you tell him you’ve found someone who gives you more?

Someone who will protect you, love and respect you

All those things that he never could bring to you

Like I do or rather I would

Won’t you show me your heart like you should?

(www.streetdirectory.com. Adaptado.)

The lyrics suggest that the speaker is primarily expressing

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

    Of every 1,000 children born in Kenya, a country in East Africa, 32 don’t make it to their first birthdays. Study after study has explored how to improve those impressive numbers, in Kenya and elsewhere. But a decade-long study on alleviating poverty found a simple solution. Giving $1,000 to poor families lowered infant mortality rates by nearly half, and deaths in children under 5 by 45 percent. Those are much bigger drops than have been credited to routine immunizations, for example, or bed nets to prevent malaria.

    “This is easily the biggest impact on child survival that I’ve seen from an intervention that was designed to alleviate poverty,” said Harsha Thirumurthy, an economist at the University of Pennsylvania who was not involved in the work. The decline in infant mortality is a “showstopping result,” he said.

    The outcomes suggest that delivering even smaller amounts of money to families — especially those that live near a hospital — immediately before or after the birth of a child might allow women to seek medical care and drastically improve their children’s chances of survival. More than 100 low- and middle-income countries have explored so-called cash transfers, especially after the pandemic began. Generally, the experiments have found that giving money to poor families improves school attendance, nutrition and use of health services.

(Apoorva Mandavilli. www.nytimes.com, 18.08.2025. Adaptado.)

De acordo com o texto, o subsídio financeiro destinado a pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade econômica no Quênia demonstrou ter um impacto para além da redução no índice de mortalidade infantil. O trecho do texto que confirma essa afirmação é:

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

    Of every 1,000 children born in Kenya, a country in East Africa, 32 don’t make it to their first birthdays. Study after study has explored how to improve those impressive numbers, in Kenya and elsewhere. But a decade-long study on alleviating poverty found a simple solution. Giving $1,000 to poor families lowered infant mortality rates by nearly half, and deaths in children under 5 by 45 percent. Those are much bigger drops than have been credited to routine immunizations, for example, or bed nets to prevent malaria.

    “This is easily the biggest impact on child survival that I’ve seen from an intervention that was designed to alleviate poverty,” said Harsha Thirumurthy, an economist at the University of Pennsylvania who was not involved in the work. The decline in infant mortality is a “showstopping result,” he said.

    The outcomes suggest that delivering even smaller amounts of money to families — especially those that live near a hospital — immediately before or after the birth of a child might allow women to seek medical care and drastically improve their children’s chances of survival. More than 100 low- and middle-income countries have explored so-called cash transfers, especially after the pandemic began. Generally, the experiments have found that giving money to poor families improves school attendance, nutrition and use of health services.

(Apoorva Mandavilli. www.nytimes.com, 18.08.2025. Adaptado.)

In the excerpt from the third paragraph “The outcomes suggest that delivering even smaller amounts of money to families — especially those that live near a hospital — immediately before or after the birth of a child might allow women to seek medical care and drastically improve their children’s chances of survival”, the underlined word expresses a 

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

    Of every 1,000 children born in Kenya, a country in East Africa, 32 don’t make it to their first birthdays. Study after study has explored how to improve those impressive numbers, in Kenya and elsewhere. But a decade-long study on alleviating poverty found a simple solution. Giving $1,000 to poor families lowered infant mortality rates by nearly half, and deaths in children under 5 by 45 percent. Those are much bigger drops than have been credited to routine immunizations, for example, or bed nets to prevent malaria.

    “This is easily the biggest impact on child survival that I’ve seen from an intervention that was designed to alleviate poverty,” said Harsha Thirumurthy, an economist at the University of Pennsylvania who was not involved in the work. The decline in infant mortality is a “showstopping result,” he said.

    The outcomes suggest that delivering even smaller amounts of money to families — especially those that live near a hospital — immediately before or after the birth of a child might allow women to seek medical care and drastically improve their children’s chances of survival. More than 100 low- and middle-income countries have explored so-called cash transfers, especially after the pandemic began. Generally, the experiments have found that giving money to poor families improves school attendance, nutrition and use of health services.

(Apoorva Mandavilli. www.nytimes.com, 18.08.2025. Adaptado.)

No trecho do segundo parágrafo “The decline in infant mortality is a ‘showstopping result,’ he said”, o termo sublinhado pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido para o texto, por:

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

    Of every 1,000 children born in Kenya, a country in East Africa, 32 don’t make it to their first birthdays. Study after study has explored how to improve those impressive numbers, in Kenya and elsewhere. But a decade-long study on alleviating poverty found a simple solution. Giving $1,000 to poor families lowered infant mortality rates by nearly half, and deaths in children under 5 by 45 percent. Those are much bigger drops than have been credited to routine immunizations, for example, or bed nets to prevent malaria.

    “This is easily the biggest impact on child survival that I’ve seen from an intervention that was designed to alleviate poverty,” said Harsha Thirumurthy, an economist at the University of Pennsylvania who was not involved in the work. The decline in infant mortality is a “showstopping result,” he said.

    The outcomes suggest that delivering even smaller amounts of money to families — especially those that live near a hospital — immediately before or after the birth of a child might allow women to seek medical care and drastically improve their children’s chances of survival. More than 100 low- and middle-income countries have explored so-called cash transfers, especially after the pandemic began. Generally, the experiments have found that giving money to poor families improves school attendance, nutrition and use of health services.

(Apoorva Mandavilli. www.nytimes.com, 18.08.2025. Adaptado.)

In the excerpt from the first paragraph “Those are much bigger drops than have been credited”, the underlined word refers to

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

    Of every 1,000 children born in Kenya, a country in East Africa, 32 don’t make it to their first birthdays. Study after study has explored how to improve those impressive numbers, in Kenya and elsewhere. But a decade-long study on alleviating poverty found a simple solution. Giving $1,000 to poor families lowered infant mortality rates by nearly half, and deaths in children under 5 by 45 percent. Those are much bigger drops than have been credited to routine immunizations, for example, or bed nets to prevent malaria.

    “This is easily the biggest impact on child survival that I’ve seen from an intervention that was designed to alleviate poverty,” said Harsha Thirumurthy, an economist at the University of Pennsylvania who was not involved in the work. The decline in infant mortality is a “showstopping result,” he said.

    The outcomes suggest that delivering even smaller amounts of money to families — especially those that live near a hospital — immediately before or after the birth of a child might allow women to seek medical care and drastically improve their children’s chances of survival. More than 100 low- and middle-income countries have explored so-called cash transfers, especially after the pandemic began. Generally, the experiments have found that giving money to poor families improves school attendance, nutrition and use of health services.

(Apoorva Mandavilli. www.nytimes.com, 18.08.2025. Adaptado.)

The main purpose of the text is to

Para responder à questão, leia o soneto “Tortura”, da poeta portuguesa Florbela Espanca (1894-1930).

Tirar dentro do peito a Emoção,

A lúcida Verdade, o Sentimento!

— E ser, depois de vir do coração,

Um punhado de cinza esparso ao vento!...

um verso de alto pensamento,

E puro como um ritmo de oração!

— E ser, depois de vir do coração,

O pó, o nada, o sonho dum momento...

São assim ocos, rudes, os meus versos:

Rimas perdidas, vendavais dispersos,

Com que eu iludo os outros, com que minto!

Quem me dera encontrar o verso puro,

O verso altivo e forte, estranho e duro,

Que dissesse, a chorar, isto que sinto!!

(Florbela Espanca. Sonetos, 2025.)

Contemporânea dos poetas portugueses Fernando Pessoa e Mário de Sá-Carneiro, Florbela Espanca não se filiou a nenhuma escola literária e sua poesia é considerada de difícil classificação. Considerando os aspectos formais (gênero poético adotado, métrica empregada e esquema de rimas), o soneto de Florbela Espanca aproxima-se do

Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.

Adapted from: TANASĂ, Matei. The Unlovable Parts of a Loving Society. 2022. Retrieved from: . Accessed: 18 Sep. 2025.

Consider the following propositions for rephrasing the sentence Furthermore, it is rather well known how rare perfection in humans is, and if one reaches perfection then they should be called God rather than human; so we will say that no human is entirely perfect; so all humans are in part bad (l. 56-61).

I - Moreover, everyone knows human perfection is rare. If someone were perfect, they would be our God, not human. So, no human is completely perfect, and all people have some flaws.

II - Aditionally, because perfection in humans is so rare that anyone who attains it would be more God than human, we can say that all humans are at least partly imperfect.

III- Furthermore, most people believe human perfection is rare. Still, some people come close to it and may be compared to God; so, not all humans are bad.

If applied to the text, which ones would be correct and keep the original meaning?

Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.

Adapted from: TANASĂ, Matei. The Unlovable Parts of a Loving Society. 2022. Retrieved from: . Accessed: 18 Sep. 2025.

Select the alternative that offers adequate synonyms to the words intrinsic (l. 46), outrageous (l. 64), misleading (l. 86) and progressive (l. 99) as used in the text.