Questões do ENEM: Linguagens

Instrução: A questão está relacionadas ao texto abaixo.

Select the alternative that adequately fills in the blanks in lines 10, 32 and 58. 

Instrução: A questão está relacionadas ao texto abaixo.

A expressão start afresh (l. 75-76) pode ser substituída, sem prejuízo do sentido que tem no texto, por

Instrução: A questão está relacionadas ao texto abaixo.

Associe as palavras da coluna da esquerda às suas respectivas traduções, na coluna da direita, de acordo com o sentido que têm no texto.

Instrução: A questão está relacionadas ao texto abaixo.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta versão de sentido equivalente, em discurso indireto, e gramaticalmente correta, do segmento de frase “I know I have caused you both terrible pain in the past, but I would never violate your trust like this “ (l. 31- 33). 

Instrução: A questão está relacionadas ao texto abaixo.

Considere as seguintes propostas de alteração de segmentos do texto.

I - Substituição da palavra since (l. 14) por once.

II - Substituição da forma verbal pawned (l. 38) por lost.

III- Substituição de with whom he had spent it (l. 42-43) por who he had spent it with.

Quais resultariam gramaticalmente corretas e não alterariam o sentido literal, se aplicadas ao texto?

Instrução: A questão está relacionadas ao texto abaixo.

Considere as seguintes afirmações acerca do texto.

I - A substituição do pronome he (l. 13) por they implicaria a modificação de duas outras palavras na frase que o contém.

II - O uso da voz passiva na oração the window had been opened from the inside (l. 26-27) indica que existe certeza quanto a quem executou a ação descrita.

III- As ocorrências do pronome it, nas linhas 51, 52 e 53, têm como referente o roubo das joias da mãe de Nnamabia.

Quais estão corretas?

Instrução: A questão está relacionadas ao texto abaixo.

Considere as seguintes afirmações em relação ao texto.

I - A narradora deixa transparecer ciúme e sentimentos de injustiça, ao relatar como os pais protegiam e davam preferência ao irmão, apesar de sua conduta reprovável.

II - A narração da irmã sugere que a mãe teria tido papel preponderante nos eventos que culminaram na prisão de Nnamabia.

III- O relato da irmã sugere que o roubo das joias da mãe teria sido um divisor de águas na vida do irmão, pois teria reverberado alguns anos mais tarde.

Quais estão corretas? 

Instrução: A questão está relacionadas ao texto abaixo.

O texto acima é parte de um conto narrado pela irmã mais nova do personagem Nnamabia.

Assinale a alternativa que resume adequadamente a parte apresentada. 

Instrução: A questão está relacionadas ao texto abaixo.

Assinale a alternativa que preenche adequadamente as lacunas das linhas 02, 36, 67 e 71, nesta ordem. 

Leia a resenha do livro Redes e ruas: mídias sociais e ativismo contemporâneo, de Paolo Gerbaudo.

    A obra Redes e ruas analisa os protestos do início da década de 2010, a partir da “Primavera Árabe”, do movimento dos “indignados” na Espanha e das ações “Occupy Wall Street” nos Estados Unidos. Em 2013, houve no Brasil fenômeno semelhante, as “Jornadas de Junho.” Caso se tivesse prestado atenção às características do ativismo digital elencadas na obra de Gerbaudo, não haveria surpresa quando as manifestações brasileiras converteram um protesto contra a tarifa nos transportes em movimento pelo impeachment de Dilma Rouseff.

(Kelly Prudencio. Le monde diplomatique Brasil, março de 2022. Adaptado.)

A resenha

       Aarav Chavda has been diving off the coast of Florida for years. Each time he became increasingly depressed by the ever-growing empty spaces, as colourful species of fish and coral reefs continued to disappear. A significant reason for that disappearance is the lionfish, an invasive species that has boomed in Atlantic waters from Florida to the Caribbean in recent decades, and in numerous other places from Brazil and Mexico to the Mediterranean.

      Lionfish have no natural predators outside their native range — in the Indian and Pacific Oceans and the Red Sea — and are all-consuming, devouring an estimated 79% of young marine life within five weeks of entering a coral reef system. “You can see the impacts on the reefs when you dive now — it’s less vibrant, it’s less noisy,” Chavda said. “We know there are solutions for some of the problems — such as coral- -friendly sunscreens to help protect the reefs — but nobody’s been able to do anything about the lionfish.”

   So Chavda and a team of ecologically aware fellow scuba enthusiasts decided to act by establishing a company called Inversa, which turns lionfish into a new product: fish leather. Chavda, 27, and his childhood friend from Texas, Roland Salatino, set up the Florida-based company to make the leather. They process the fish hides1 by tanning them with drying agents and dye them before selling the leather to partner companies to fashion into high-end products including wallets, belts and handbags. Fish skin is thin but, because the fibre structure runs crossways, it is stronger than many other types of leather. Each hide, Chavda says, can save up to 70,000 native reef fish.

      The hides are also more sustainable than traditional animal leathers, which generally require grazing on huge amounts of pasture — degrading soils and producing high carbon emissions. Inversa does not hunt the lionfish itself. Instead, it relies on educating and encouraging largely poor fishermen and women in often remote places to catch them. “We’re really sort of empowering the consumer and fashion by doing something for the planet — then we empower dive communities in fishing cooperatives to do something for themselves,” Chavda said.

(Richard Luscombe. www.theguardian.com, 12.06.2022. Adaptado.) 1 hide: an animal’s skin used to make leather

No trecho do quarto parágrafo “‘We’re really sort of empowering the consumer and fashion’”, a expressão sublinhada significa, no contexto em questão,

       Aarav Chavda has been diving off the coast of Florida for years. Each time he became increasingly depressed by the ever-growing empty spaces, as colourful species of fish and coral reefs continued to disappear. A significant reason for that disappearance is the lionfish, an invasive species that has boomed in Atlantic waters from Florida to the Caribbean in recent decades, and in numerous other places from Brazil and Mexico to the Mediterranean.

      Lionfish have no natural predators outside their native range — in the Indian and Pacific Oceans and the Red Sea — and are all-consuming, devouring an estimated 79% of young marine life within five weeks of entering a coral reef system. “You can see the impacts on the reefs when you dive now — it’s less vibrant, it’s less noisy,” Chavda said. “We know there are solutions for some of the problems — such as coral- -friendly sunscreens to help protect the reefs — but nobody’s been able to do anything about the lionfish.”

   So Chavda and a team of ecologically aware fellow scuba enthusiasts decided to act by establishing a company called Inversa, which turns lionfish into a new product: fish leather. Chavda, 27, and his childhood friend from Texas, Roland Salatino, set up the Florida-based company to make the leather. They process the fish hides1 by tanning them with drying agents and dye them before selling the leather to partner companies to fashion into high-end products including wallets, belts and handbags. Fish skin is thin but, because the fibre structure runs crossways, it is stronger than many other types of leather. Each hide, Chavda says, can save up to 70,000 native reef fish.

      The hides are also more sustainable than traditional animal leathers, which generally require grazing on huge amounts of pasture — degrading soils and producing high carbon emissions. Inversa does not hunt the lionfish itself. Instead, it relies on educating and encouraging largely poor fishermen and women in often remote places to catch them. “We’re really sort of empowering the consumer and fashion by doing something for the planet — then we empower dive communities in fishing cooperatives to do something for themselves,” Chavda said.

(Richard Luscombe. www.theguardian.com, 12.06.2022. Adaptado.) 1 hide: an animal’s skin used to make leather

No trecho do quarto parágrafo “Instead, it relies on educating and encouraging largely poor fishermen and women”, o termo “instead” equivale, em português, a 

       Aarav Chavda has been diving off the coast of Florida for years. Each time he became increasingly depressed by the ever-growing empty spaces, as colourful species of fish and coral reefs continued to disappear. A significant reason for that disappearance is the lionfish, an invasive species that has boomed in Atlantic waters from Florida to the Caribbean in recent decades, and in numerous other places from Brazil and Mexico to the Mediterranean.

      Lionfish have no natural predators outside their native range — in the Indian and Pacific Oceans and the Red Sea — and are all-consuming, devouring an estimated 79% of young marine life within five weeks of entering a coral reef system. “You can see the impacts on the reefs when you dive now — it’s less vibrant, it’s less noisy,” Chavda said. “We know there are solutions for some of the problems — such as coral- -friendly sunscreens to help protect the reefs — but nobody’s been able to do anything about the lionfish.”

   So Chavda and a team of ecologically aware fellow scuba enthusiasts decided to act by establishing a company called Inversa, which turns lionfish into a new product: fish leather. Chavda, 27, and his childhood friend from Texas, Roland Salatino, set up the Florida-based company to make the leather. They process the fish hides1 by tanning them with drying agents and dye them before selling the leather to partner companies to fashion into high-end products including wallets, belts and handbags. Fish skin is thin but, because the fibre structure runs crossways, it is stronger than many other types of leather. Each hide, Chavda says, can save up to 70,000 native reef fish.

      The hides are also more sustainable than traditional animal leathers, which generally require grazing on huge amounts of pasture — degrading soils and producing high carbon emissions. Inversa does not hunt the lionfish itself. Instead, it relies on educating and encouraging largely poor fishermen and women in often remote places to catch them. “We’re really sort of empowering the consumer and fashion by doing something for the planet — then we empower dive communities in fishing cooperatives to do something for themselves,” Chavda said.

(Richard Luscombe. www.theguardian.com, 12.06.2022. Adaptado.) 1 hide: an animal’s skin used to make leather

No trecho do terceiro parágrafo “and dye them before selling the leather to partner companies”, o termo sublinhado refere-se a 

       Aarav Chavda has been diving off the coast of Florida for years. Each time he became increasingly depressed by the ever-growing empty spaces, as colourful species of fish and coral reefs continued to disappear. A significant reason for that disappearance is the lionfish, an invasive species that has boomed in Atlantic waters from Florida to the Caribbean in recent decades, and in numerous other places from Brazil and Mexico to the Mediterranean.

      Lionfish have no natural predators outside their native range — in the Indian and Pacific Oceans and the Red Sea — and are all-consuming, devouring an estimated 79% of young marine life within five weeks of entering a coral reef system. “You can see the impacts on the reefs when you dive now — it’s less vibrant, it’s less noisy,” Chavda said. “We know there are solutions for some of the problems — such as coral- -friendly sunscreens to help protect the reefs — but nobody’s been able to do anything about the lionfish.”

   So Chavda and a team of ecologically aware fellow scuba enthusiasts decided to act by establishing a company called Inversa, which turns lionfish into a new product: fish leather. Chavda, 27, and his childhood friend from Texas, Roland Salatino, set up the Florida-based company to make the leather. They process the fish hides1 by tanning them with drying agents and dye them before selling the leather to partner companies to fashion into high-end products including wallets, belts and handbags. Fish skin is thin but, because the fibre structure runs crossways, it is stronger than many other types of leather. Each hide, Chavda says, can save up to 70,000 native reef fish.

      The hides are also more sustainable than traditional animal leathers, which generally require grazing on huge amounts of pasture — degrading soils and producing high carbon emissions. Inversa does not hunt the lionfish itself. Instead, it relies on educating and encouraging largely poor fishermen and women in often remote places to catch them. “We’re really sort of empowering the consumer and fashion by doing something for the planet — then we empower dive communities in fishing cooperatives to do something for themselves,” Chavda said.

(Richard Luscombe. www.theguardian.com, 12.06.2022. Adaptado.) 1 hide: an animal’s skin used to make leather

       Aarav Chavda has been diving off the coast of Florida for years. Each time he became increasingly depressed by the ever-growing empty spaces, as colourful species of fish and coral reefs continued to disappear. A significant reason for that disappearance is the lionfish, an invasive species that has boomed in Atlantic waters from Florida to the Caribbean in recent decades, and in numerous other places from Brazil and Mexico to the Mediterranean.

      Lionfish have no natural predators outside their native range — in the Indian and Pacific Oceans and the Red Sea — and are all-consuming, devouring an estimated 79% of young marine life within five weeks of entering a coral reef system. “You can see the impacts on the reefs when you dive now — it’s less vibrant, it’s less noisy,” Chavda said. “We know there are solutions for some of the problems — such as coral- -friendly sunscreens to help protect the reefs — but nobody’s been able to do anything about the lionfish.”

   So Chavda and a team of ecologically aware fellow scuba enthusiasts decided to act by establishing a company called Inversa, which turns lionfish into a new product: fish leather. Chavda, 27, and his childhood friend from Texas, Roland Salatino, set up the Florida-based company to make the leather. They process the fish hides1 by tanning them with drying agents and dye them before selling the leather to partner companies to fashion into high-end products including wallets, belts and handbags. Fish skin is thin but, because the fibre structure runs crossways, it is stronger than many other types of leather. Each hide, Chavda says, can save up to 70,000 native reef fish.

      The hides are also more sustainable than traditional animal leathers, which generally require grazing on huge amounts of pasture — degrading soils and producing high carbon emissions. Inversa does not hunt the lionfish itself. Instead, it relies on educating and encouraging largely poor fishermen and women in often remote places to catch them. “We’re really sort of empowering the consumer and fashion by doing something for the planet — then we empower dive communities in fishing cooperatives to do something for themselves,” Chavda said.

(Richard Luscombe. www.theguardian.com, 12.06.2022. Adaptado.) 1 hide: an animal’s skin used to make leather

A expressão “such as”, no trecho do segundo parágrafo “such as coral-friendly sunscreens”, foi utilizada para introduzir

       Aarav Chavda has been diving off the coast of Florida for years. Each time he became increasingly depressed by the ever-growing empty spaces, as colourful species of fish and coral reefs continued to disappear. A significant reason for that disappearance is the lionfish, an invasive species that has boomed in Atlantic waters from Florida to the Caribbean in recent decades, and in numerous other places from Brazil and Mexico to the Mediterranean.

      Lionfish have no natural predators outside their native range — in the Indian and Pacific Oceans and the Red Sea — and are all-consuming, devouring an estimated 79% of young marine life within five weeks of entering a coral reef system. “You can see the impacts on the reefs when you dive now — it’s less vibrant, it’s less noisy,” Chavda said. “We know there are solutions for some of the problems — such as coral- -friendly sunscreens to help protect the reefs — but nobody’s been able to do anything about the lionfish.”

   So Chavda and a team of ecologically aware fellow scuba enthusiasts decided to act by establishing a company called Inversa, which turns lionfish into a new product: fish leather. Chavda, 27, and his childhood friend from Texas, Roland Salatino, set up the Florida-based company to make the leather. They process the fish hides1 by tanning them with drying agents and dye them before selling the leather to partner companies to fashion into high-end products including wallets, belts and handbags. Fish skin is thin but, because the fibre structure runs crossways, it is stronger than many other types of leather. Each hide, Chavda says, can save up to 70,000 native reef fish.

      The hides are also more sustainable than traditional animal leathers, which generally require grazing on huge amounts of pasture — degrading soils and producing high carbon emissions. Inversa does not hunt the lionfish itself. Instead, it relies on educating and encouraging largely poor fishermen and women in often remote places to catch them. “We’re really sort of empowering the consumer and fashion by doing something for the planet — then we empower dive communities in fishing cooperatives to do something for themselves,” Chavda said.

(Richard Luscombe. www.theguardian.com, 12.06.2022. Adaptado.) 1 hide: an animal’s skin used to make leather

Tal escritor acreditava no conhecimento puramente intuitivo e subjetivo da realidade. Procurava a expressão direta e espontânea dos sentimentos. Sua imaginação criadora era capaz de construir mundos ideais, maravilhosos ou fantásticos. Não havia limites para a sua sensibilidade e imaginação.

     O silêncio e o ruído se opõem de maneira nítida e exclusiva. O ruído pode ser definido como uma série caótica de sons, de choques. É nesse quadro que se opõe, por exemplo, a suavidade dos campos silenciosos à dureza das cidades ruidosas. O ruído é desagradável, violento. O silêncio, então, marca uma ruptura: ele é ausência de ruídos. Opõe a um caos sonoro uma superfície isolante branca que serve de anteparo. É a negação do ruído.

    Evidentemente a relação que a música mantém com o silêncio não é a mesma. O silêncio que precede a música constitui sua preparação inicial, seu ponto de emergência, talvez mesmo sua possibilidade pura. O silêncio que encerra a música, o que vem imediatamente após a última nota, reúne nele a totalidade da melodia. Não é a negação da música, mas sim uma vibração ideal em que deveria ressoar a totalidade acabada e reunida da melodia.

     O silêncio e o ruído se opõem de maneira nítida e exclusiva. O ruído pode ser definido como uma série caótica de sons, de choques. É nesse quadro que se opõe, por exemplo, a suavidade dos campos silenciosos à dureza das cidades ruidosas. O ruído é desagradável, violento. O silêncio, então, marca uma ruptura: ele é ausência de ruídos. Opõe a um caos sonoro uma superfície isolante branca que serve de anteparo. É a negação do ruído.

    Evidentemente a relação que a música mantém com o silêncio não é a mesma. O silêncio que precede a música constitui sua preparação inicial, seu ponto de emergência, talvez mesmo sua possibilidade pura. O silêncio que encerra a música, o que vem imediatamente após a última nota, reúne nele a totalidade da melodia. Não é a negação da música, mas sim uma vibração ideal em que deveria ressoar a totalidade acabada e reunida da melodia.

Em “Não é a negação da música, mas sim uma vibração ideal em que deveria ressoar a totalidade acabada e reunida da melodia.” (2º parágrafo), o pronome sublinhado refere-se a

     O silêncio e o ruído se opõem de maneira nítida e exclusiva. O ruído pode ser definido como uma série caótica de sons, de choques. É nesse quadro que se opõe, por exemplo, a suavidade dos campos silenciosos à dureza das cidades ruidosas. O ruído é desagradável, violento. O silêncio, então, marca uma ruptura: ele é ausência de ruídos. Opõe a um caos sonoro uma superfície isolante branca que serve de anteparo. É a negação do ruído.

    Evidentemente a relação que a música mantém com o silêncio não é a mesma. O silêncio que precede a música constitui sua preparação inicial, seu ponto de emergência, talvez mesmo sua possibilidade pura. O silêncio que encerra a música, o que vem imediatamente após a última nota, reúne nele a totalidade da melodia. Não é a negação da música, mas sim uma vibração ideal em que deveria ressoar a totalidade acabada e reunida da melodia.

O termo que qualifica o substantivo na expressão “última nota” (2º parágrafo) tem sentido oposto ao termo que qualifica o substantivo em