Questões do ENEM: Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Resultados

4.335 questões encontradas. Mostrando a página 4 de 217.

• 1432C350-69

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionEnsino Einstein · 2025Entre para guardar nos favoritos

  Leia o texto para responder à questão.

  
  

  The Red Cross

  
  

  

  
  

          The International Red Cross movement started in 1863 and was inspired by Swiss businessman Henry Dunant. The suffering of thousands of men on both sides of the Battle of Solferino in 1859 upset Dunant. Many were left to die due to lack of care. He proposed creating national relief societies, made up of volunteers, trained in peacetime to provide neutral and impartial help to relieve suffering in times of war.

  
  

          In response to these ideas, a committee (which later became the International Committee of the Red Cross) was established in Geneva. Dunant also proposed that countries adopt an international agreement, which would recognise the status of medical services and of the injured on the battlefield. This agreement was adopted in 1864.

  
  

          The formation of the British Red Cross occurred during the war between France and Prussia in July 1870, Colonel Loyd-Lindsay wrote a letter to the newspaper The Times. He called for a National Society to be formed in Britain just like in other European nations. On 4 August 1870, a public meeting was held in London and a resolution passed authorizing the formation of The British National Society for Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War. It gave aid and relief to both warring armies during the Franco-Prussian War and in other wars and campaigns during the 19th century. This was done under the protection of the red cross emblem.

  
  

          In 1905, the British National Society for Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War was renamed as the British Red Cross. The Red Cross needed many skilled volunteers for its wartime role. The Voluntary Aid Scheme was introduced in 1909 and ensured that Voluntary Aid Detachments were formed across the United Kingdom. Their members would provide aid to the territorial medical forces in times of war.

  
  

  (www.redcross.org.uk. Adaptado.)

  No fragmento do segundo parágrafo “In response to these ideas, a committee was established in Geneva”, os termos sublinhados referem-se

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 1432c350-69

  A

  à criação de sociedades assistenciais formadas por voluntários treinados para ajudar as vítimas da guerra de modo imparcial.

  B

  ao reconhecimento de um acordo internacional que permitiria providenciar serviços médicos no campo de batalha.

  C

  à formação da Sociedade Nacional Britânica de Ajuda aos Doentes e Feridos na Guerra. 

  D

  à criação de um fundo que forneceria assistência médica durante a guerra franco-prussiana.

  E

  ao novo nome da Sociedade Nacional Britânica de Ajuda aos Doentes e Feridos na Guerra, que passaria a ser Cruz Vermelha Britânica. 

  Responder
• 1430618E-69

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionEnsino Einstein · 2025Entre para guardar nos favoritos

  Leia o texto para responder à questão.

  
  

  The Red Cross

  
  

  

  
  

          The International Red Cross movement started in 1863 and was inspired by Swiss businessman Henry Dunant. The suffering of thousands of men on both sides of the Battle of Solferino in 1859 upset Dunant. Many were left to die due to lack of care. He proposed creating national relief societies, made up of volunteers, trained in peacetime to provide neutral and impartial help to relieve suffering in times of war.

  
  

          In response to these ideas, a committee (which later became the International Committee of the Red Cross) was established in Geneva. Dunant also proposed that countries adopt an international agreement, which would recognise the status of medical services and of the injured on the battlefield. This agreement was adopted in 1864.

  
  

          The formation of the British Red Cross occurred during the war between France and Prussia in July 1870, Colonel Loyd-Lindsay wrote a letter to the newspaper The Times. He called for a National Society to be formed in Britain just like in other European nations. On 4 August 1870, a public meeting was held in London and a resolution passed authorizing the formation of The British National Society for Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War. It gave aid and relief to both warring armies during the Franco-Prussian War and in other wars and campaigns during the 19th century. This was done under the protection of the red cross emblem.

  
  

          In 1905, the British National Society for Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War was renamed as the British Red Cross. The Red Cross needed many skilled volunteers for its wartime role. The Voluntary Aid Scheme was introduced in 1909 and ensured that Voluntary Aid Detachments were formed across the United Kingdom. Their members would provide aid to the territorial medical forces in times of war.

  
  

  (www.redcross.org.uk. Adaptado.)

  The main purpose of the text is to

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 1430618e-69

  A

  demonstrate that in a war there will be suffering on both sides of the battle.

  B

  display Henry Dunant’s profile, founder of the British Red Cross movement.

  C

  explain the historical consequences of the Battle of Solferino.

  D

  present the origins of both the International and the British Red Cross.

  E

  report the importance of the Red Cross during the Franco-Prussian War.

  Responder
• 142DF52A-69

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionEnsino Einstein · 2025Entre para guardar nos favoritos

  Examine a seguinte campanha da Cruz Vermelha.

  
  

  

  
  

  The word “strikes” can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by:

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 142df52a-69

  A

  invites.

  B

  assaults.

  C

  disappears.

  D

  disconnects.

  E

  constructs.

  Responder
• 7E4691FE-68

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionEnsino Einstein · 2025Entre para guardar nos favoritos

      In my research recently published in an open access journal, I used a popular language model, GPT-4 by OpenAI, to create simple summaries of scientific papers. These summaries generated by artificial intelligence (AI) used simpler language and more common words, like “job” instead of “occupation”, than summaries written by the researchers who had done the work.

  
  

      In one experiment, I found that readers of the AI-generated summaries had a better understanding of the science than readers of the human-written summaries. A second experiment investigated what effects the simpler summaries might have on people’s perceptions of the scientists who performed the research. In this experiment, participants rated the scientists whose work was described in the simpler texts as more credible than the scientists whose work was described in the more complex texts.

  
  

      Have you ever read about a scientific discovery and felt like it was written in a foreign language? New scientific information is probably hard to understand — especially if you try to read a science article in a research journal. In an era where understanding science is crucial for informed decision--making, the abilities to comprehend and communicate complex ideas are more important than ever. Trust in science has been declining for years, and one contributing factor may be the challenge of understanding scientific jargon.

  
  

      As AI continues to evolve, its role in science communication may expand, especially if using generative AI becomes more commonplace. Simple science descriptions are preferable to and more beneficial than complex ones, and AI tools can help. But scientists could also achieve the same goals by working harder to minimize jargon and communicate clearly — no AI necessary.

  
  

  (David Markowitz. https://theconversation.com, 30.10.2024. Adaptado.)

  No trecho do último parágrafo “scientists could also achieve the same goals by working harder”, o termo sublinhado indica

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 7e4691fe-68

  A

  necessidade.

  B

  obrigação.

  C

  permissão.

  D

  habilidade.

  E

  possibilidade.

  Responder
• 7E4376F4-68

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionEnsino Einstein · 2025Entre para guardar nos favoritos

      In my research recently published in an open access journal, I used a popular language model, GPT-4 by OpenAI, to create simple summaries of scientific papers. These summaries generated by artificial intelligence (AI) used simpler language and more common words, like “job” instead of “occupation”, than summaries written by the researchers who had done the work.

  
  

      In one experiment, I found that readers of the AI-generated summaries had a better understanding of the science than readers of the human-written summaries. A second experiment investigated what effects the simpler summaries might have on people’s perceptions of the scientists who performed the research. In this experiment, participants rated the scientists whose work was described in the simpler texts as more credible than the scientists whose work was described in the more complex texts.

  
  

      Have you ever read about a scientific discovery and felt like it was written in a foreign language? New scientific information is probably hard to understand — especially if you try to read a science article in a research journal. In an era where understanding science is crucial for informed decision--making, the abilities to comprehend and communicate complex ideas are more important than ever. Trust in science has been declining for years, and one contributing factor may be the challenge of understanding scientific jargon.

  
  

      As AI continues to evolve, its role in science communication may expand, especially if using generative AI becomes more commonplace. Simple science descriptions are preferable to and more beneficial than complex ones, and AI tools can help. But scientists could also achieve the same goals by working harder to minimize jargon and communicate clearly — no AI necessary.

  
  

  (David Markowitz. https://theconversation.com, 30.10.2024. Adaptado.)

  De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo, a queda no nível de confiança na ciência por parte do público leigo deve-se, entre outros motivos, à

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 7e4376f4-68

  A

  inacessibilidade a informações científicas em língua materna.

  B

  complexidade inerente aos conceitos científicos.

  C

  rapidez exigida na assimilação de novos fatos científicos.

  D

  simplicidade excessiva dos textos populares de divulga ção científica.

  E

  dificuldade de compreensão do linguajar científico.

  Responder
• 7E3E2AF5-68

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionEnsino Einstein · 2025Entre para guardar nos favoritos

      In my research recently published in an open access journal, I used a popular language model, GPT-4 by OpenAI, to create simple summaries of scientific papers. These summaries generated by artificial intelligence (AI) used simpler language and more common words, like “job” instead of “occupation”, than summaries written by the researchers who had done the work.

  
  

      In one experiment, I found that readers of the AI-generated summaries had a better understanding of the science than readers of the human-written summaries. A second experiment investigated what effects the simpler summaries might have on people’s perceptions of the scientists who performed the research. In this experiment, participants rated the scientists whose work was described in the simpler texts as more credible than the scientists whose work was described in the more complex texts.

  
  

      Have you ever read about a scientific discovery and felt like it was written in a foreign language? New scientific information is probably hard to understand — especially if you try to read a science article in a research journal. In an era where understanding science is crucial for informed decision--making, the abilities to comprehend and communicate complex ideas are more important than ever. Trust in science has been declining for years, and one contributing factor may be the challenge of understanding scientific jargon.

  
  

      As AI continues to evolve, its role in science communication may expand, especially if using generative AI becomes more commonplace. Simple science descriptions are preferable to and more beneficial than complex ones, and AI tools can help. But scientists could also achieve the same goals by working harder to minimize jargon and communicate clearly — no AI necessary.

  
  

  (David Markowitz. https://theconversation.com, 30.10.2024. Adaptado.)

  No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “‘job’ instead of ‘occupation’”, a expressão sublinhada pode ser substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por:

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 7e3e2af5-68

  A

  rather than.

  B

  equivalent to.

  C

  as an example of.

  D

  apart from.

  E

  together with.

  Responder
• 7E3A8384-68

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionEnsino Einstein · 2025Entre para guardar nos favoritos

      In my research recently published in an open access journal, I used a popular language model, GPT-4 by OpenAI, to create simple summaries of scientific papers. These summaries generated by artificial intelligence (AI) used simpler language and more common words, like “job” instead of “occupation”, than summaries written by the researchers who had done the work.

  
  

      In one experiment, I found that readers of the AI-generated summaries had a better understanding of the science than readers of the human-written summaries. A second experiment investigated what effects the simpler summaries might have on people’s perceptions of the scientists who performed the research. In this experiment, participants rated the scientists whose work was described in the simpler texts as more credible than the scientists whose work was described in the more complex texts.

  
  

      Have you ever read about a scientific discovery and felt like it was written in a foreign language? New scientific information is probably hard to understand — especially if you try to read a science article in a research journal. In an era where understanding science is crucial for informed decision--making, the abilities to comprehend and communicate complex ideas are more important than ever. Trust in science has been declining for years, and one contributing factor may be the challenge of understanding scientific jargon.

  
  

      As AI continues to evolve, its role in science communication may expand, especially if using generative AI becomes more commonplace. Simple science descriptions are preferable to and more beneficial than complex ones, and AI tools can help. But scientists could also achieve the same goals by working harder to minimize jargon and communicate clearly — no AI necessary.

  
  

  (David Markowitz. https://theconversation.com, 30.10.2024. Adaptado.)

  According to the experiments described in the first and second paragraphs, AI-generated science summaries, if compared with human-written summaries, are more

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 7e3a8384-68

  A

  useful for researchers.

  B

  intelligible to the general public.

  C

  popular among science enthusiasts.

  D

  complex for the average reader.

  E

  accepted within the scientific community

  Responder
• 4B549F43-2D

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionCentro Universitário Padre Albino - UNIFIPA · 2025DifícilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  Leia o texto e analise o gráfico para responder à questão.

  
  

  
  

  Life Expectancy (1900-2023)

  
  

  
  

      People are living longer. In 1900, the average life expectancy of a newborn was 32 years. By 2021 this had more than doubled to 71 years.

  
  

      The large reduction in child mortality has played an important role in increasing life expectancy. But life expectancy has increased at all ages. Infants, children, adults, and the elderly are all less likely to die than in the past, and death is being delayed. This remarkable shift results from advances in medicine, public health, and living standards. Along with it, many predictions of the “limit” of life expectancy have been broken.

  
  

  
  

  

  
  

  (Saloni Dattani et al. https://ourworldindata.org, 2023. Adaptado.)

  According to the chart,

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 4b549f43-2d

  A

  all Latin American countries shown in the chart had a decline in life expectancy shortly before 2023.

  B

  Argentina had the lowest life expectancy among the Latin American countries shown in the chart in 2023.

  C

  Europe’s life expectancy dropped sharply between 1940 and 1960.

  D

  Chile displayed the same life expectancy as Brazil did in 2023.

  E

  life expectancy in Brazil was the same as in Europe in 1900.

  Responder
• 4B51A4D3-2D

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionCentro Universitário Padre Albino - UNIFIPA · 2025DifícilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  Leia o texto e analise o gráfico para responder à questão.

  
  

  
  

  Life Expectancy (1900-2023)

  
  

  
  

      People are living longer. In 1900, the average life expectancy of a newborn was 32 years. By 2021 this had more than doubled to 71 years.

  
  

      The large reduction in child mortality has played an important role in increasing life expectancy. But life expectancy has increased at all ages. Infants, children, adults, and the elderly are all less likely to die than in the past, and death is being delayed. This remarkable shift results from advances in medicine, public health, and living standards. Along with it, many predictions of the “limit” of life expectancy have been broken.

  
  

  
  

  

  
  

  (Saloni Dattani et al. https://ourworldindata.org, 2023. Adaptado.)

  O trecho do texto que pode ser confirmado no gráfico é:

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 4b51a4d3-2d

  A

  “In 1900, the average life expectancy of a newborn was 32 years” (1° parágrafo). 

  B

  “This remarkable shift results from advances in medicine, public health, and living standards” (2° parágrafo).

  C

  “People are living longer” (1° parágrafo).

  D

  “The large reduction in child mortality has played an important role in increasing life expectancy” (2° parágrafo).

  E

   “Along with it, many predictions of the ‘limit’ of life expectancy have been broken” (2° parágrafo).

  Responder
• 4B4E99B1-2D

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionCentro Universitário Padre Albino - UNIFIPA · 2025Muito fácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  Leia o texto para responder à questão.

  
  

  
  

  Admixture’s impact on Brazilian population evolution and health

  
  

  
  

      Brazil is a vast continental country home to the largest population in Latin America and boasts the world’s largest recently admixed population1 . The colonization process brought approximately 5 million Europeans to Brazil, alongside the forced migration of at least 5 million Africans and the decimation of Indigenous populations, which once included more than 10 million people speaking more than 1000 languages. This distinctive historical interplay shaped a complex mosaic of genetic diversity, underscoring the importance of detailed genomic studies. Nevertheless, similar to other populations in the Global South2 , the Brazilian population remains notably underrepresented in genomic research, where there is a lack of studies investigating the effects of this population’s admixture on its evolution, diversity, and health status.

  
  

      To address these gaps, a research group generated 2723 high-coverage whole-genome sequences of the Brazilian population, encompassing urban, rural, and riverine communities from all five geographical regions of Brazil. This dataset reflects a diverse group of ethnic backgrounds, including Afro-Brazilians and descendants of Indigenous people, and provides a comprehensive representation of Brazilian genomic diversity.

  
  

  
  

  (Kelly Nunes et al. www.science.org, 15.05.2025. Adaptado.)

  
  

  
  

  1admixed population: group of individuals formed through interbreeding of two or more previously isolated populations.

  
  

  2Global South: a group of countries mainly located in the Southern Hemisphere that are often characterized as developing, less developed or underdeveloped.

  According to the second paragraph, as a result of the study, the researchers managed to supply

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 4b4e99b1-2d

  A

  specific influences of African heritage in the Brazilian cultural diversity.

  B

  a representation of lifestyles in rural and riverine communities.

  C

  a comparison among all geographical regions in terms of healthy living.

  D

  an extensive portrait of Brazilian genomic diversity.

  E

  a blurred picture of the Indigenous presence in the Brazilian genomic mosaic.

  Responder
• 4B4BB3C7-2D

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionCentro Universitário Padre Albino - UNIFIPA · 2025MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  Leia o texto para responder à questão.

  
  

  
  

  Admixture’s impact on Brazilian population evolution and health

  
  

  
  

      Brazil is a vast continental country home to the largest population in Latin America and boasts the world’s largest recently admixed population1 . The colonization process brought approximately 5 million Europeans to Brazil, alongside the forced migration of at least 5 million Africans and the decimation of Indigenous populations, which once included more than 10 million people speaking more than 1000 languages. This distinctive historical interplay shaped a complex mosaic of genetic diversity, underscoring the importance of detailed genomic studies. Nevertheless, similar to other populations in the Global South2 , the Brazilian population remains notably underrepresented in genomic research, where there is a lack of studies investigating the effects of this population’s admixture on its evolution, diversity, and health status.

  
  

      To address these gaps, a research group generated 2723 high-coverage whole-genome sequences of the Brazilian population, encompassing urban, rural, and riverine communities from all five geographical regions of Brazil. This dataset reflects a diverse group of ethnic backgrounds, including Afro-Brazilians and descendants of Indigenous people, and provides a comprehensive representation of Brazilian genomic diversity.

  
  

  
  

  (Kelly Nunes et al. www.science.org, 15.05.2025. Adaptado.)

  
  

  
  

  1admixed population: group of individuals formed through interbreeding of two or more previously isolated populations.

  
  

  2Global South: a group of countries mainly located in the Southern Hemisphere that are often characterized as developing, less developed or underdeveloped.

  No trecho do segundo parágrafo “To address these gaps, a research group generated 2 723 high-coverage whole-genome sequences”, a expressão sublinhada refere-se, no contexto,

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 4b4bb3c7-2d

  A

  à falta de pesquisas sobre evolução, diversidade e saúde da população miscigenada do Brasil.

  B

  às populações do Sul Global comparadas à população do Brasil quanto à diversidade.

  C

  ao mosaico de diversidade genética historicamente configurado no Brasil. 

  D

  às diferenças socioeconômicas entre populações urbanas, rurais e ribeirinhas no Brasil.

  E

  às origens étnicas e culturais das cinco regiões geográficas no Brasil.

  Responder
• 4B48B57F-2D

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionCentro Universitário Padre Albino - UNIFIPA · 2025MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  Leia o texto para responder à questão.

  
  

  
  

  Admixture’s impact on Brazilian population evolution and health

  
  

  
  

      Brazil is a vast continental country home to the largest population in Latin America and boasts the world’s largest recently admixed population1 . The colonization process brought approximately 5 million Europeans to Brazil, alongside the forced migration of at least 5 million Africans and the decimation of Indigenous populations, which once included more than 10 million people speaking more than 1000 languages. This distinctive historical interplay shaped a complex mosaic of genetic diversity, underscoring the importance of detailed genomic studies. Nevertheless, similar to other populations in the Global South2 , the Brazilian population remains notably underrepresented in genomic research, where there is a lack of studies investigating the effects of this population’s admixture on its evolution, diversity, and health status.

  
  

      To address these gaps, a research group generated 2723 high-coverage whole-genome sequences of the Brazilian population, encompassing urban, rural, and riverine communities from all five geographical regions of Brazil. This dataset reflects a diverse group of ethnic backgrounds, including Afro-Brazilians and descendants of Indigenous people, and provides a comprehensive representation of Brazilian genomic diversity.

  
  

  
  

  (Kelly Nunes et al. www.science.org, 15.05.2025. Adaptado.)

  
  

  
  

  1admixed population: group of individuals formed through interbreeding of two or more previously isolated populations.

  
  

  2Global South: a group of countries mainly located in the Southern Hemisphere that are often characterized as developing, less developed or underdeveloped.

  In the excerpt from the first paragraph “Nevertheless, similar to other populations in the Global South”, the underlined word expresses

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 4b48b57f-2d

  A

  condition.

  
  

  B

  sequence.

  
  

  C

  emphasis.

  
  

  D

  cause.

  
  

  E

  contrast.

  Responder
• 4B431B59-2D

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionCentro Universitário Padre Albino - UNIFIPA · 2025MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  Leia o texto para responder à questão.

  
  

  
  

  Admixture’s impact on Brazilian population evolution and health

  
  

  
  

      Brazil is a vast continental country home to the largest population in Latin America and boasts the world’s largest recently admixed population1 . The colonization process brought approximately 5 million Europeans to Brazil, alongside the forced migration of at least 5 million Africans and the decimation of Indigenous populations, which once included more than 10 million people speaking more than 1000 languages. This distinctive historical interplay shaped a complex mosaic of genetic diversity, underscoring the importance of detailed genomic studies. Nevertheless, similar to other populations in the Global South2 , the Brazilian population remains notably underrepresented in genomic research, where there is a lack of studies investigating the effects of this population’s admixture on its evolution, diversity, and health status.

  
  

      To address these gaps, a research group generated 2723 high-coverage whole-genome sequences of the Brazilian population, encompassing urban, rural, and riverine communities from all five geographical regions of Brazil. This dataset reflects a diverse group of ethnic backgrounds, including Afro-Brazilians and descendants of Indigenous people, and provides a comprehensive representation of Brazilian genomic diversity.

  
  

  
  

  (Kelly Nunes et al. www.science.org, 15.05.2025. Adaptado.)

  
  

  
  

  1admixed population: group of individuals formed through interbreeding of two or more previously isolated populations.

  
  

  2Global South: a group of countries mainly located in the Southern Hemisphere that are often characterized as developing, less developed or underdeveloped.

  According to the first paragraph, one of the facts about the Brazilian population is:

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 4b431b59-2d

  A

  Brazilian population spreads evenly across the huge continental country in Latin America.

  B

  the largest population in the world with admixed ancestry is located in Brazil.

  C

  the Indigenous populations still speak more than one thousand languages besides Portuguese.

  D

  more than five million Europeans currently live in Brazil.

  E

  the health status of the Brazilian population has been extensively studied.

  Responder
• 93CC78A3-23

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFUVEST · 2025MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

      During the nineteen-seventies and eighties, a researcher at the University of Washington started noticing something strange in the college’s experimental forest. For years, a blight of caterpillars had been munching the trees to death. Then, suddenly, the caterpillars themselves started dying off. The forest was able to recover. But what had happened to the caterpillars? The researcher, David Rhoades, who had a background in chemistry and zoology, found that the trees in the forest had changed the chemistry of their leaves, to the detriment of the caterpillars. Even more surprising, trees that had been nibbled by caterpillars weren’t the only ones that had changed their chemistry. Some were changing their leaves before caterpillars reached them, as if they’d received a warning. A shocking possibility presented itself: the trees were signalling to one another.

      Zoë Schlanger recounts Rhoades’s story in her new book, “The Light Eaters: How the Unseen World of Plant Intelligence Offers a New Understanding of Life on Earth.”

      The contemporary world of botany that Schlanger explores in “The Light Eaters” is still divided over the matter of how plants sense the world and whether they can be said to communicate. But, in the past twenty years, the idea that plants communicate has gained broader acceptance. Research in recent decades has shown garden-variety lima beans protecting themselves by synthesizing and releasing chemicals to summon the predators of the insects that eat them; lab-grown pea shoots navigating mazes and responding to the sound of running water; and a chameleonic vine in the jungles of Chile mimicking the shape and color of nearby plants by a mechanism that’s not yet understood.

      Schlanger acknowledges that some of the research yields as many questions as answers. It’s not clear how the vine gathers information about surrounding plants to perform its mimicry.

  
  

  
  

  New Yorker. 12 June 2024. Adaptado.

  O caso da vinha chilena apresentado no texto suscita questionamentos científicos quanto

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 93cc78a3-23

  A

  à capacidade de adaptar seu ciclo reprodutivo às condições ecológicas.

  B

  à dependência de polinizadores para manter sua plasticidade fenotípica.

  C

  à influência da altitude na coloração e textura das folhas imitadas.

  D

  ao papel da simbiose com fungos na alteração morfológica.

  E

  ao modo como o vegetal reproduz características visuais de espécies vizinhas.

  Responder
• 93C9B5CC-23

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFUVEST · 2025MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

      During the nineteen-seventies and eighties, a researcher at the University of Washington started noticing something strange in the college’s experimental forest. For years, a blight of caterpillars had been munching the trees to death. Then, suddenly, the caterpillars themselves started dying off. The forest was able to recover. But what had happened to the caterpillars? The researcher, David Rhoades, who had a background in chemistry and zoology, found that the trees in the forest had changed the chemistry of their leaves, to the detriment of the caterpillars. Even more surprising, trees that had been nibbled by caterpillars weren’t the only ones that had changed their chemistry. Some were changing their leaves before caterpillars reached them, as if they’d received a warning. A shocking possibility presented itself: the trees were signalling to one another.

      Zoë Schlanger recounts Rhoades’s story in her new book, “The Light Eaters: How the Unseen World of Plant Intelligence Offers a New Understanding of Life on Earth.”

      The contemporary world of botany that Schlanger explores in “The Light Eaters” is still divided over the matter of how plants sense the world and whether they can be said to communicate. But, in the past twenty years, the idea that plants communicate has gained broader acceptance. Research in recent decades has shown garden-variety lima beans protecting themselves by synthesizing and releasing chemicals to summon the predators of the insects that eat them; lab-grown pea shoots navigating mazes and responding to the sound of running water; and a chameleonic vine in the jungles of Chile mimicking the shape and color of nearby plants by a mechanism that’s not yet understood.

      Schlanger acknowledges that some of the research yields as many questions as answers. It’s not clear how the vine gathers information about surrounding plants to perform its mimicry.

  
  

  
  

  New Yorker. 12 June 2024. Adaptado.

  Conforme o texto, a experiência conduzida por David Rhoades, na floresta experimental da Universidade de Washington, tornou-se marcante para a botânica, por revelar a

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 93c9b5cc-23

  A

  dependência das árvores de inimigos naturais para a manutenção do equilíbrio das florestas.

  B

  alteração da composição das folhas, capaz de comprometer a sobrevivência de insetos herbívoros.

  C

  variabilidade das lagartas como fator decisivo para a resiliência dos ecossistemas.

  D

  influência determinante da fertilidade do solo na recuperação da vegetação.

  E

  oscilação natural das populações de pragas como causa da regeneração florestal.

  Responder
• 93AED519-23

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFUVEST · 2025FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

      Think for a minute about the little bumps on your tongue. You probably saw a diagram of those taste bud arrangements once in a biology textbook — sweet sensors at the tip, salty on either side, sour behind them, bitter in the back.

      But the idea that specific tastes are confined to certain areas of the tongue is a myth that “persists in the collective consciousness, despite decades of research debunking it”, according to a review published this month in The New England Journal of Medicine. Also wrong: the notion that taste is limited to the mouth.

      The old diagram, which has been used in many textbooks over the years, originated in a study published by David Hanig, a German scientist, in 1901. But the scientist was not suggesting that various tastes are segregated on the tongue. He was actually measuring the sensitivity of different areas, said Paul Breslin, a researcher at Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia. “What he found was that you could detect things at a lower concentration in one part relative to another,” Dr. Breslin said. The tip of the tongue, for example, is dense with sweet sensors but contains the others as well.

      The map’s mistakes are easy to confirm. If you place a lemon wedge at the tip of your tongue, it will taste sour, and if you put a bit of honey toward the side, it will be sweet.

      The perception of taste is a remarkably complex process, starting from that first encounter with the tongue. Taste cells have a variety of sensors that signal the brain when they encounter nutrients or toxins. For some tastes, tiny pores in cell membranes let taste chemicals in.

      Such taste receptors aren’t limited to the tongue; they are also found in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, fat cells, brain, muscle cells, thyroid and lungs. We don’t generally think of these organs as tasting anything, but they use the receptors to pick up the presence of various molecules and metabolize them, said Diego Bohórquez, a self-described gut-brain neuroscientist at Duke University. For example, when the gut notices sugar in food, it tells the brain to alert other organs to get ready for digestion.

  
  

  
  

  New York Times. May 29, 2024. Adaptado.

  O texto informa que, de acordo com Paul Breslin, a interpretação do estudo de Hanig foi equivocada, porque

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 93aed519-23

  A

  a representação gráfica dos resultados foi elaborada décadas depois sem base científica.

  B

  o autor original investigou limiares de sensibilidade, sem defender a exclusividade de sabores em regiões da língua.

  C

  o foco da pesquisa foi o comportamento alimentar em diferentes culturas.

  D

  o objetivo central concentrou-se na classificação bioquímica dos receptores gustativos.

  E

  a análise dos dados priorizou a resposta cerebral em vez de aspectos periféricos.

  Responder
• 93AC2500-23

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFUVEST · 2025FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

      Think for a minute about the little bumps on your tongue. You probably saw a diagram of those taste bud arrangements once in a biology textbook — sweet sensors at the tip, salty on either side, sour behind them, bitter in the back.

      But the idea that specific tastes are confined to certain areas of the tongue is a myth that “persists in the collective consciousness, despite decades of research debunking it”, according to a review published this month in The New England Journal of Medicine. Also wrong: the notion that taste is limited to the mouth.

      The old diagram, which has been used in many textbooks over the years, originated in a study published by David Hanig, a German scientist, in 1901. But the scientist was not suggesting that various tastes are segregated on the tongue. He was actually measuring the sensitivity of different areas, said Paul Breslin, a researcher at Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia. “What he found was that you could detect things at a lower concentration in one part relative to another,” Dr. Breslin said. The tip of the tongue, for example, is dense with sweet sensors but contains the others as well.

      The map’s mistakes are easy to confirm. If you place a lemon wedge at the tip of your tongue, it will taste sour, and if you put a bit of honey toward the side, it will be sweet.

      The perception of taste is a remarkably complex process, starting from that first encounter with the tongue. Taste cells have a variety of sensors that signal the brain when they encounter nutrients or toxins. For some tastes, tiny pores in cell membranes let taste chemicals in.

      Such taste receptors aren’t limited to the tongue; they are also found in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, fat cells, brain, muscle cells, thyroid and lungs. We don’t generally think of these organs as tasting anything, but they use the receptors to pick up the presence of various molecules and metabolize them, said Diego Bohórquez, a self-described gut-brain neuroscientist at Duke University. For example, when the gut notices sugar in food, it tells the brain to alert other organs to get ready for digestion.

  
  

  
  

  New York Times. May 29, 2024. Adaptado.

  Sobre os receptores gustativos e sua distribuição corporal, o texto sugere que

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 93ac2500-23

  A

  certas áreas da língua identificam gostos específicos, como doce na ponta e azedo no fundo.

  B

  o comportamento alimentar é moldado por padrões fixados na infância.

  C

  a percepção gustativa reforça o prazer estético associado aos hábitos nutricionais.

  D

  a detecção de sabores envolve rede integrada de órgãos que colaboram com o sistema nervoso.

  E

  a função dos sensores extraorais restringe-se à regulação da glicemia.

  Responder
• 93A65604-23

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFUVEST · 2025MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

     Researchers investigated the quantities of thousands of muscle proteins and found a possible new explanation for muscle memory. A study showed for the first time that muscles "remember" training at the protein level. It is often thought that the effects of exercise are short-lived, and a break from the gym can cause stress over muscle loss. However, the research has shown that this stress is partly unnecessary, as the effects of resistance training persist in muscles for up to two months and the gains are fast when training is started again. But what mechanisms and changes at the cellular and molecular levels explain muscle memory? In the study, ten weeks of resistance training was followed by a break of the same length and then followed by another ten weeks of resistance training. Using the proteomics method, it was possible to study the quantities of over 3,000 muscle proteins using advanced mass spectrometry equipment. The study found two types of change profiles in muscle proteins. Some proteins changed as a result of training, returned to their pre-training state during the break, and changed again during the new training period similarly to the first training period. These included proteins related to aerobic metabolism. Another group of proteins changed as a result of training and remained changed during the break and after the new training period. Among these proteins were several calcium-binding proteins, such as calpain-2, whose gene has recently been identified to retain a memory trace even after a training break. "At the level of the number of muscle nuclei and the memory traces of genes, that is, epigenetics, long-term responses that persist even after a break and possibly explain 'muscle memory' have previously been observed," says a researcher. "Now, for the first time, we have shown that muscles 'remember' previous resistance training at the protein level for at least two and a half months."

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  Disponível em https://jyu.fi/en/news/. 14 April 2025. Adaptado.

  Segundo o texto, os experimentos demonstram que

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 93a65604-23

  A

  a prática de esportes ativa genes através da mudança do código genético.

  B

  as quantidades de proteínas musculares apresentam mudanças após a atividade física.¬¬ 

  C

  a epigenética refuta a hipótese da ação da memória muscular após treinos leves.

  D

  as proteínas relacionadas ao metabolismo aeróbico ativam mudanças irreversíveis.

  E

  os métodos da proteômica dificultam a caracterização das proteínas e suas interações.

  Responder
• 93930534-23

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFUVEST · 2025MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  Nearly a century ago, Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe is getting larger. Modern measurements of how fast it is expanding disagree, however, suggesting that our understanding of the laws of physics might be off. Everyone expected the sharp vision of the James Webb Space Telescope to bring the answer into focus. But a long-awaited analysis of the telescope’s observations released late Monday evening once again gleans conflicting expansion rates from different types of data, while homing in on possible sources of error at the heart of the conflict.

  
  

  Two rival teams have led the effort to measure the cosmic expansion rate, which is known as the Hubble constant, or H0. One of these teams, led by Adam Riess of Johns Hopkins University, has consistently measured H0 to be about 8 percent higher than the theoretical prediction for how fast space should be expanding, based on the cosmos’s known ingredients and governing equations. This discrepancy, known as the Hubble tension, suggests that the theoretical model of the cosmos might be missing something—some extra ingredient or effect that speeds up cosmic expansion.

  
  

  Riess and his team released their latest measurement of H0 based on Webb data this spring, getting a value that agrees with their earlier estimates.

  
  

  But for years a rival team led by Wendy Freedman of the University of Chicago has urged caution, arguing that cleaner measurements were needed. Her team’s own measurements of H0 have invariably landed closer than Riess’ to the theoretical prediction, implying that the Hubble tension may not be real.

  
  

  Since the Webb telescope started taking data in 2022, the astrophysics community has awaited Freedman’s multipronged analysis using the telescope’s observations of three types of stars. Now, the results are in: Two types of stars yield H0 estimates that align with the theoretical prediction, while the third—the same type of star Riess uses—matches his team’s higher H0 value.

  
  

  
  

  Disponível em https://wired.com/. 08 Sep 2024. Adaptado.

  De acordo com o texto, a abordagem metodológica da equipe de Adam Riess¬

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 93930534-23

  A

  mantém as previsões do modelo consolidado pela ciência.

  B

  utiliza número limitado de simulações de computador para estimar a constante de Hubble.

  C

  obtém dados observacionais para confrontar previsões teóricas.

  D

  faz uso exclusivo de dados do Telescópio Espacial James Webb.

  E

  rejeita equações conhecidas e proposição de novas leis físicas. 

  Responder
• 939065C8-23

  Inglês

  Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFUVEST · 2025FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

  Nearly a century ago, Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe is getting larger. Modern measurements of how fast it is expanding disagree, however, suggesting that our understanding of the laws of physics might be off. Everyone expected the sharp vision of the James Webb Space Telescope to bring the answer into focus. But a long-awaited analysis of the telescope’s observations released late Monday evening once again gleans conflicting expansion rates from different types of data, while homing in on possible sources of error at the heart of the conflict.

  
  

  Two rival teams have led the effort to measure the cosmic expansion rate, which is known as the Hubble constant, or H0. One of these teams, led by Adam Riess of Johns Hopkins University, has consistently measured H0 to be about 8 percent higher than the theoretical prediction for how fast space should be expanding, based on the cosmos’s known ingredients and governing equations. This discrepancy, known as the Hubble tension, suggests that the theoretical model of the cosmos might be missing something—some extra ingredient or effect that speeds up cosmic expansion.

  
  

  Riess and his team released their latest measurement of H0 based on Webb data this spring, getting a value that agrees with their earlier estimates.

  
  

  But for years a rival team led by Wendy Freedman of the University of Chicago has urged caution, arguing that cleaner measurements were needed. Her team’s own measurements of H0 have invariably landed closer than Riess’ to the theoretical prediction, implying that the Hubble tension may not be real.

  
  

  Since the Webb telescope started taking data in 2022, the astrophysics community has awaited Freedman’s multipronged analysis using the telescope’s observations of three types of stars. Now, the results are in: Two types of stars yield H0 estimates that align with the theoretical prediction, while the third—the same type of star Riess uses—matches his team’s higher H0 value.

  
  

  
  

  Disponível em https://wired.com/. 08 Sep 2024. Adaptado.

  Com base no texto, a principal expectativa em relação ao telescópio James Webb estava associada a

  Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 939065c8-23

  A

  esclarecer as divergências nas medições da constante de Hubble por meio de observações mais precisas.

  B

  substituir os métodos tradicionais por novas equações que descrevem a expansão do universo.

  C

  comprovar a superioridade das estimativas obtidas pela equipe de Freedman.

  D

  medir a distância entre galáxias utilizando parâmetros inéditos.

  E

  determinar se o universo tem como característica crescer de modo infinito.

  Responder