Todas as questões do ENEM

Sobre a ocorrência da forma verbal há (l. 38) exclusivamente no fragmento “Nesse momento há alguns caminhos alternativos”, avalie as afirmações que seguem, assinalando V, se verdadeiras, ou F, se falsas.

( ) O sujeito da forma verbal é “alguns caminhos alternativos”.

( ) A substituição de Há por Existe não implicaria erro à frase.

( ) A passagem de “alguns caminhos alternativos” para o singular não provocaria alteração na estrutura do período.

A ordem correta de preenchimento dos parênteses, de cima para baixo, é: 

Read the text below and answer the following  question based on it.

In a prospective, randomised, controlled trial to determine whether comprehensive lifestyle changes affect coronary atherosclerosis after 1 year, 28 patients were assigned to an experimental group (low-fat vegetarian diet, stopping smoking, stress management training, and moderate exercise) and 20 to a usual-care control group. 195 coronary artery lesions were analysed by quantitative coronary angiography. The average percentage diameter stenosis regressed from 40.0 (SD 16.9)% to 37.8 (16.5)% in the experimental group yet progressed from 42.7 (15.5)% to 46.1 (18.5)% in the control group. When only lesions greater than 50% stenosed were analysed, the average percentage diameter stenosis regressed from 61.1 (8.8)% to 55.8 (11.0)% in the experimental group and progressed from 61.7 (9.5)% to 64.4 (16.3)% in the control group. Overall, 82% of experimental-group patients had an average change towards regression. Comprehensive lifestyle changes may be able to bring about regression of even severe coronary atherosclerosis after only 1 year, without use of lipidlowering drugs

The research conducted showed that

Bastaría nombrar al tambor en nuestro país, y ya estaría implícita la referencia al candombe, patrimonio cultural uruguayo y, desde setiembre del 2009, Patrimonio Inmaterial de la Humanidad, reconocido por las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura — Unesco. Proceso que se remonta a la época colonial, cuando era tenido como un mero baile de negros esclavos, ruidosos y obsceno, definición que toman incluso algunos diccionarios antiguos y no tanto, viéndolo como divertimento de pésima categoría por su procedencia racial. Esto fue cambiando merced al combate sin tregua a los prejuicios, siempre en crecimiento su aceptación por el conjunto de la sociedad, hasta llegar a nuestros días, cuando el Gobierno progresista en el 2006 promovió la ley 18059, consagrando los 3 de diciembre como Día del Candombe, la Cultura Afrouruguaya y la Equidad Racial, que en su artículo 5to y final dice: "Declárese patrimonio cultural de la República Oriental del Uruguay al candombe, caracterizado por el toque de los tambores denominados chico, repique y piano, su danza y canto, creado por los afrouruguayos a partir del legado ancestral africano, sus orígenes rituales y su contexto social como comunidad.”

ANDRADE, S. Disponível em: http://alainet.org. Acesso em: 22 fev. 2012 (adaptado).

O status atual do candombe, resultante de um conjunto de mudanças ocorridas no país, contrasta com um passado marcado por preconceitos. Segundo o texto, esse status se deve à

Read the text below and answer the following  question based on it.

In a prospective, randomised, controlled trial to determine whether comprehensive lifestyle changes affect coronary atherosclerosis after 1 year, 28 patients were assigned to an experimental group (low-fat vegetarian diet, stopping smoking, stress management training, and moderate exercise) and 20 to a usual-care control group. 195 coronary artery lesions were analysed by quantitative coronary angiography. The average percentage diameter stenosis regressed from 40.0 (SD 16.9)% to 37.8 (16.5)% in the experimental group yet progressed from 42.7 (15.5)% to 46.1 (18.5)% in the control group. When only lesions greater than 50% stenosed were analysed, the average percentage diameter stenosis regressed from 61.1 (8.8)% to 55.8 (11.0)% in the experimental group and progressed from 61.7 (9.5)% to 64.4 (16.3)% in the control group. Overall, 82% of experimental-group patients had an average change towards regression. Comprehensive lifestyle changes may be able to bring about regression of even severe coronary atherosclerosis after only 1 year, without use of lipidlowering drugs

In “Comprehensive lifestyle changes may be able to bring about regression…” may expresses:

Gracias por no fumar é o título de um texto publicitário produzido pelo Ministério da Educação e Cultura da Espanha. Esse título, associado ao conteúdo do texto, tem como finalidade

Analise as ocorrências de pronomes no texto e as afirmações que são feitas a respeito deles:

I. Na linha 36, o referente do pronome “que” é “A startup” (l. 35).

II. Na linha 27, o pronome “deles” faz referência a “céticos” (parágrafo anterior).

III. “sua” (l. 09) e “essa” (l. 19) são classificados como pronomes adjetivos.

IV. Na linha 26, o pronome “suas” indica que “bolinhas de gude” pertencem aos empreendedores.

Quais estão corretas?

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Humans are constantly learning new things. This ability helps us to grow and adapt to new situations daily. But a new study suggests that different learning mechanisms actually shape how the brain stores memories.

As humans, we have not only survived, but thrived throughout time thanks to our ability to learn and adapt to new situations.

Learning itself is a complex process, and there are different types of learning mechanisms through which the brain stores new information and updates old information.

In general terms, there are two ways of learning that humans use to acquire new information in the long term.

One is by association, or through experience. This is when we learn new things incidentally, just because we happened to come across them, or because we are in a new environment that we are learning to navigate little by little.

The other one is learning by reinforcement. This is when we purposefully set out to learn new information — when we take a language course, for example.

A new study conducted by researchers from the Department of Experimental Psychology, the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, and the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences — all in Oxford, United Kingdom — indicates that different learning mechanisms have links to memories stored in different parts of the brain.

The researchers add that not only do we store information differently depending on how we acquire it, but that it may be more or less easy for us to lose or change this information for the same reason.

The researchers also explain that the findings indicate that the brain can store information learned through reinforcement for a long time, while other types of information remain more available for updates.

"We also learned that some of this knowledge is very persistent, and the brain does not forget about it even when it becomes irrelevant, while knowledge acquired through an alternative learning mechanism is more flexible and can more easily be changed to new knowledge," notes KleinFlügge.

When it comes to unlearning or forgetting information, the researchers also note that information acquired incidentally through associations is easier to discard than information acquired through goal-oriented learning.

Adaptado de: < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326826.php> Acessado em 29 de outubro de 2019.

Al ingresar a la ciudad de Trevelín a través de un gran valle cobijado por montañas elevadas y grandes superficies con áreas cultivadas, llama la atención el colorido de sus jardines y la huella que ha dejado la colonia galesa en cada rincón del pueblo y del área rural. Un ejemplo de ello es el primer molino harinero accionado a caballo que se muestra en el museo regional junto a maquinarias, herramientas y vestimenta de la vida diaria en época de la colonia.

Enclavada en un típico paisaje andino patagónico, con sus vientos predominantes del sudoeste y su naturaleza pródiga en vegetación y arroyos, Trevelín sirve como punto de partida para hermosos paseos.

En la serenidad de sus calles, innumerables casas de té ofrecen la clásica merienda galesa con sus tortas, panes caseros y fiambres de la región para adentrarse en esa gastronomía que no ha claudicado con el paso del tiempo. Se aconseja probar su torta negra.

Disponível em: www.welcomeargentina.com. Acesso em: 25 jul. 2012 (adaptado).

Trevelín está localizada na Patagônia argentina. O destaque das características da cidade, no texto, tem a função de

“Quando” (l. 06) e “portanto” (l. 10) estabelecem, nos respectivos contextos de ocorrência, ideia de:

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Humans are constantly learning new things. This ability helps us to grow and adapt to new situations daily. But a new study suggests that different learning mechanisms actually shape how the brain stores memories.

As humans, we have not only survived, but thrived throughout time thanks to our ability to learn and adapt to new situations.

Learning itself is a complex process, and there are different types of learning mechanisms through which the brain stores new information and updates old information.

In general terms, there are two ways of learning that humans use to acquire new information in the long term.

One is by association, or through experience. This is when we learn new things incidentally, just because we happened to come across them, or because we are in a new environment that we are learning to navigate little by little.

The other one is learning by reinforcement. This is when we purposefully set out to learn new information — when we take a language course, for example.

A new study conducted by researchers from the Department of Experimental Psychology, the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, and the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences — all in Oxford, United Kingdom — indicates that different learning mechanisms have links to memories stored in different parts of the brain.

The researchers add that not only do we store information differently depending on how we acquire it, but that it may be more or less easy for us to lose or change this information for the same reason.

The researchers also explain that the findings indicate that the brain can store information learned through reinforcement for a long time, while other types of information remain more available for updates.

"We also learned that some of this knowledge is very persistent, and the brain does not forget about it even when it becomes irrelevant, while knowledge acquired through an alternative learning mechanism is more flexible and can more easily be changed to new knowledge," notes KleinFlügge.

When it comes to unlearning or forgetting information, the researchers also note that information acquired incidentally through associations is easier to discard than information acquired through goal-oriented learning.

Adaptado de: < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326826.php> Acessado em 29 de outubro de 2019.

Disponível em: http://ofuena00.wordpress.com. Acesso em: 3 ago. 2012.

A charge é um gênero textual que possui caráter humorístico e crítico. Ao abordar o tema do uso da tecnologia, essa charge critica o(a)

Em um laboratório, deseja-se produzir 200mL de uma solução de sulfato de sódio, Na2SO4, a 2,0mol.L-1. Para isso, a massa do sólido sulfato de sódio a ser pesada na balança será de:

(Dados das massas atômicas aproximadas: Na = 23u, O = 16u e S = 32u.)

Retomando la inquietud propia y de tanta gente contraria a la denominación racista y xenófoba “Día de la Raza” usada para el feriado 12 de octubre, donde se recuerda el arribo de los primeros europeos a tierras posteriormente nombradas América, reforzamos la idea sumando agrupaciones e independientes de la militancia ciudadana motivados por lo mismo. Puede parecer menor, pero un nombre dice mucho. Es un símbolo, una representación, un código que resume infinidad de cosas desde lo objetivo y desde lo subjetivo. Y lamentablemente no hubo “descubrimiento” sino despojo y apropiación. No hubo “encuentro” sino saqueo y masacre. La propuesta es que la sociedad uruguaya logre una frase sustantiva que guarde memoria de los hechos, apostando a un presente y futuro fraternal e igualitario, y a una convivencia sin hegemonías ni predominios culturales aunque así haya sido el origen de nuestra historia.

ANDRADE, S. No más Día de la Raza. América Latina en movimiento. Disponível em: http://alainet.org. Acesso em: 22 fev. 2012 (adaptado).

Com a expressão Día de la Raza, faz-se referência à chegada dos primeiros europeus em território americano e denomina-se a comemoração desse dia. A autora do texto sugere o fim dessa denominação no Uruguai, acreditando que

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Humans are constantly learning new things. This ability helps us to grow and adapt to new situations daily. But a new study suggests that different learning mechanisms actually shape how the brain stores memories.

As humans, we have not only survived, but thrived throughout time thanks to our ability to learn and adapt to new situations.

Learning itself is a complex process, and there are different types of learning mechanisms through which the brain stores new information and updates old information.

In general terms, there are two ways of learning that humans use to acquire new information in the long term.

One is by association, or through experience. This is when we learn new things incidentally, just because we happened to come across them, or because we are in a new environment that we are learning to navigate little by little.

The other one is learning by reinforcement. This is when we purposefully set out to learn new information — when we take a language course, for example.

A new study conducted by researchers from the Department of Experimental Psychology, the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, and the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences — all in Oxford, United Kingdom — indicates that different learning mechanisms have links to memories stored in different parts of the brain.

The researchers add that not only do we store information differently depending on how we acquire it, but that it may be more or less easy for us to lose or change this information for the same reason.

The researchers also explain that the findings indicate that the brain can store information learned through reinforcement for a long time, while other types of information remain more available for updates.

"We also learned that some of this knowledge is very persistent, and the brain does not forget about it even when it becomes irrelevant, while knowledge acquired through an alternative learning mechanism is more flexible and can more easily be changed to new knowledge," notes KleinFlügge.

When it comes to unlearning or forgetting information, the researchers also note that information acquired incidentally through associations is easier to discard than information acquired through goal-oriented learning.

Adaptado de: < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326826.php> Acessado em 29 de outubro de 2019.

Em relação à frase: “A única coisa que eles enxergam é uma esfera tocando a outra e não há um vão sequer entre elas.” (l. 23-24), é possível afirmar que:

I. O uso do vocábulo “única” permite afirmar que não há mais nada que eles enxerguem a não ser a esfera tocando a outra.

II. O advérbio “sequer” acrescenta à frase a ideia de uniformidade.

III. Observa-se que a conjunção “e” conecta duas ações subordinadas.

Quais estão corretas?

Em uma estação de tratamento de água, emprega-se a cloração, ou seja, adição de cloro para desinfecção; geralmente utiliza-se na proporção de 0,4 ppm. Se temos uma caixa com capacidade para 20 m³ de água, determine a massa de cloro que deve ser usada na diluição indicada.