Todas as questões do ENEM

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    There is nothing conventional about 17-year-old Michael Fuller’s relationship with music. As someone with high-functioning autism who sees the world through sound, creating melodies from the bustle of the high street or trains on the tracks feels more natural than any social interaction. This hardwired connection to sound has been with him for as long as he can remember.

    By the age of 11, Michael could play Mozart by ear, having taught himself to play the piano through a mobile phone app. The app highlighted notes on a keyboard as classical music played. He describes his unusual musical talent as “downloading” music into his head. His mother, Nadine, remembers that as a child Michael would “suddenly pop up and say: ‘I’ve got a symphony’”. Michael took to the piano and found he could quickly perform complex pieces from memory.

    “I liked what I was hearing, sought more music and began studying through Google and YouTube,” he remembers. “It was very organic. I would listen in great depth and the music would be implanted in my mind. I could then just play it on the piano – all without being taught.”

    Growing up in a family that listened to reggae over classical music, Michael feels “very much aware” of how different his approach is to music – symbolised by the way he taught himself piano as a child. This, his mother says, came as a “surprise to the family and myself – I’d never listened to classical music in my life”.

    It was not long after learning to play the piano that Michael started composing his own works. Describing this process as “making music with my mind”, Michael says composing classical symphonies “helps me to express myself through music – it makes me calm”. Michael wants to nurture his song writing to achieve his ambition of becoming a modern mainstream classical artist. He wants to control the creative process, unlike typical modern-day composers, who he says “write blobs on a page, hand it over to the musicians – then say bye-bye and stay in the background and get no recognition”. Instead, Michael is determined to take centre stage.

(Alex Taylor. www.bbc.com, 27.03.2018. Adaptado.)

    E Sofia? interroga impaciente a leitora, tal qual Orgon: Et Tartufe? Ai, amiga minha, a resposta é naturalmente a mesma, – também ela comia bem, dormia largo e fofo, – coisas que, aliás, não impedem que uma pessoa ame, quando quer amar. Se esta última reflexão é o motivo secreto da vossa pergunta, deixai que vos diga que sois muito indiscreta, e que eu não me quero senão com dissimulados.

    Repito, comia bem, dormia largo e fofo. Chegara ao fim da comissão das Alagoas, com elogios da imprensa; a Atalaia chamou‐lhe “o anjo da consolação”. E não se pense que este nome a alegrou, posto que a lisonjeasse; ao contrário, resumindo em Sofia toda a ação da caridade, podia mortificar as novas amigas, e fazer‐lhe perder em um dia o trabalho de longos meses. Assim se explica o artigo que a mesma folha trouxe no número seguinte, nomeando, particularizando e glorificando as outras comissárias – “estrelas de primeira grandeza”.

Machado de Assis, Quincas Borba.

Uma pessoa, ao fazer uma pesquisa com alguns alunos de um curso, coletou as idades dos entrevistados e organizou esses dados em um gráfico.

Qual a moda das idades, em anos, dos entrevistados?

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    There is nothing conventional about 17-year-old Michael Fuller’s relationship with music. As someone with high-functioning autism who sees the world through sound, creating melodies from the bustle of the high street or trains on the tracks feels more natural than any social interaction. This hardwired connection to sound has been with him for as long as he can remember.

    By the age of 11, Michael could play Mozart by ear, having taught himself to play the piano through a mobile phone app. The app highlighted notes on a keyboard as classical music played. He describes his unusual musical talent as “downloading” music into his head. His mother, Nadine, remembers that as a child Michael would “suddenly pop up and say: ‘I’ve got a symphony’”. Michael took to the piano and found he could quickly perform complex pieces from memory.

    “I liked what I was hearing, sought more music and began studying through Google and YouTube,” he remembers. “It was very organic. I would listen in great depth and the music would be implanted in my mind. I could then just play it on the piano – all without being taught.”

    Growing up in a family that listened to reggae over classical music, Michael feels “very much aware” of how different his approach is to music – symbolised by the way he taught himself piano as a child. This, his mother says, came as a “surprise to the family and myself – I’d never listened to classical music in my life”.

    It was not long after learning to play the piano that Michael started composing his own works. Describing this process as “making music with my mind”, Michael says composing classical symphonies “helps me to express myself through music – it makes me calm”. Michael wants to nurture his song writing to achieve his ambition of becoming a modern mainstream classical artist. He wants to control the creative process, unlike typical modern-day composers, who he says “write blobs on a page, hand it over to the musicians – then say bye-bye and stay in the background and get no recognition”. Instead, Michael is determined to take centre stage.

(Alex Taylor. www.bbc.com, 27.03.2018. Adaptado.)

Considere que os quarteirões de um bairro tenham sido desenhados no sistema cartesiano, sendo a origem o cruzamento das duas ruas mais movimentadas desse bairro. Nesse desenho, as ruas têm suas larguras desconsideradas e todos os quarteirões são quadrados de mesma área e a medida de seu lado é a unidade do sistema.

A seguir há uma representação dessa situação, em que os pontos A, B, C e D representam estabelecimentos comerciais desse bairro.

Suponha que uma rádio comunitária, de fraco sinal, garante área de cobertura para todo estabelecimento que se encontre num ponto cujas coordenadas satisfaçam à inequação: x² + y² – 2x – 4y - 31 ≤ 0

A fim de avaliar a qualidade do sinal, e proporcionar uma futura melhora, a assistência técnica da rádio realizou uma inspeção para saber quais estabelecimentos estavam dentro da área de cobertura, pois estes conseguem ouvir a rádio enquanto os outros não.

Os estabelecimentos que conseguem ouvir a rádio são apenas

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    There is nothing conventional about 17-year-old Michael Fuller’s relationship with music. As someone with high-functioning autism who sees the world through sound, creating melodies from the bustle of the high street or trains on the tracks feels more natural than any social interaction. This hardwired connection to sound has been with him for as long as he can remember.

    By the age of 11, Michael could play Mozart by ear, having taught himself to play the piano through a mobile phone app. The app highlighted notes on a keyboard as classical music played. He describes his unusual musical talent as “downloading” music into his head. His mother, Nadine, remembers that as a child Michael would “suddenly pop up and say: ‘I’ve got a symphony’”. Michael took to the piano and found he could quickly perform complex pieces from memory.

    “I liked what I was hearing, sought more music and began studying through Google and YouTube,” he remembers. “It was very organic. I would listen in great depth and the music would be implanted in my mind. I could then just play it on the piano – all without being taught.”

    Growing up in a family that listened to reggae over classical music, Michael feels “very much aware” of how different his approach is to music – symbolised by the way he taught himself piano as a child. This, his mother says, came as a “surprise to the family and myself – I’d never listened to classical music in my life”.

    It was not long after learning to play the piano that Michael started composing his own works. Describing this process as “making music with my mind”, Michael says composing classical symphonies “helps me to express myself through music – it makes me calm”. Michael wants to nurture his song writing to achieve his ambition of becoming a modern mainstream classical artist. He wants to control the creative process, unlike typical modern-day composers, who he says “write blobs on a page, hand it over to the musicians – then say bye-bye and stay in the background and get no recognition”. Instead, Michael is determined to take centre stage.

(Alex Taylor. www.bbc.com, 27.03.2018. Adaptado.)

O fisiologista francês Jean Poiseuille estabeleceu, na primeira metade do século XIX, que o fluxo de sangue por meio de um vaso sanguíneo em uma pessoa é diretamente proporcional à quarta potência da medida do raio desse vaso. Suponha que um médico, efetuando uma angioplastia, aumentou em 10% o raio de um vaso sanguíneo de seu paciente.

O aumento percentual esperado do fluxo por esse vaso está entre

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    Enquanto nas cidades o poder ficou nas mãos dos bispos, nos campos, concentrou-se na dos grandes proprietários. O governo romano perdeu força: já não era capaz de cobrar os impostos de maneira eficiente, nem mesmo de pagar os exércitos. Em 476, o último imperador romano foi deposto. Era o fim do Império Romano e do mundo antigo e o início de uma nova era, a Idade Média.

(Carlos Augusto Ribeiro Machado. Roma e seu império, 2004. Adaptado.)

Um bairro residencial tem cinco mil moradores, dos quais mil são classificados como vegetarianos. Entre os vegetarianos, 40% são esportistas, enquanto que, entre os não vegetarianos, essa porcentagem cai para 20%.

Uma pessoa desse bairro, escolhida ao acaso, é esportista.

A probabilidade de ela ser vegetariana é

    Óbitos por cepas de bactérias resistentes a antibióticos vêm crescendo. Um estudo do governo britânico estima que, em escala global, os óbitos por cepas resistentes já cheguem a 700 mil por ano. E as coisastêm piorado. Além das bactérias, já estão surgindo fungos resistentes, como a Candida auris.

    Qualquer solução passa por um esforço multinacional de ações coordenadas. O crescente número de governos isolacionistas e até antidarwinistas não dá razões para otimismo. Há urgência. O estudo britânico calcula que, se nada for feito, em 2050, as mortes por infecções resistentes chegarão a 10 milhões ao ano.

Hélio Schwartsman, “Mortes anunciadas”. Folha de São Paulo, Abril/2019. Adaptado. 

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

    Enquanto nas cidades o poder ficou nas mãos dos bispos, nos campos, concentrou-se na dos grandes proprietários. O governo romano perdeu força: já não era capaz de cobrar os impostos de maneira eficiente, nem mesmo de pagar os exércitos. Em 476, o último imperador romano foi deposto. Era o fim do Império Romano e do mundo antigo e o início de uma nova era, a Idade Média.

(Carlos Augusto Ribeiro Machado. Roma e seu império, 2004. Adaptado.)

TEXTO 1

A leitura como tratamento para diversas doenças

Na construção de um conjunto habitacional de casas populares, todas serão feitas num mesmo modelo, ocupando, cada uma delas, terrenos cujas dimensões são iguais a 20 m de comprimento por 8 m de largura. Visando a comercialização dessas casas, antes do início das obras, a empresa resolveu apresentá-las por meio de maquetes construídas numa escala de 1 : 200.

As medidas do comprimento e da largura dos terrenos, respectivamente, em centímetros, na maquete construída, foram de