Todas as questões do ENEM

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World Health Officials Describe Progress Against Tetanus, H.I.V. and Malaria

    Infant and maternal tetanus was officially eliminated from the Americas this year, the Pan American Health Organization announced on Thursday. At one time, the infection killed about 10,000 newborns annually in the Western Hemisphere; tetanus still kills about 35,000 infants around the world. It was one of several significant global health advances, including new programs against malaria and H.I.V., announced last week in conjunction with the meeting of the United Nations General Assembly in New York.
    Haiti was the last country in the Americas to eliminate neonatal tetanus. That does not mean complete eradication, because the bacteria that cause tetanus exist everywhere in soil and animal droppings. Rather, elimination means that thanks to vaccination of mothers and clean birth procedures — less than one case occurs per 1,000 live births.
    The Americas have generally led the world in eliminating diseases for which vaccines exist. In this hemisphere, smallpox was eliminated in 1971, polio in 1994, rubella in 2015 and measles in 2016 (the diseases are sometimes reintroduced, as measles was at Disneyland in 2014, but outbreaks are usually brought quickly under control).
    Also this week, the President’s Malaria Initiative said it would expand its work to new countries in West and Central Africa, protecting 90 million more people. The initiative, founded in 2005 as part of the United States Agency for International Development, has been a major force in driving down worldwide malaria deaths by about 40 percent in the past decade. The disease most often kills young children and pregnant women. The expansion in Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Niger, Sierra Leone and Burkina Faso was made possible because Congress increased funding for the initiative in fiscal year 2017, a representativ said
    In his speech to the United Nations on Tuesday, President Trump praised the malaria initiative and the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief as examples of leadership in humanitarian assistance by the United States.
    A combination of aid agencies, drug companies and g cocktail to treat H.I.V. would soon be available to 92 countries, including virtually all of Africa, for about $75 a year. The new AIDS cocktail is the first available in poor countries to contain dolutegravir, which is widely used in wealthy countries because it is highly effective and has few side effects. The pill also contains lamivudine, an older but still effective drug, and tenof disoproxil fumarate, another modern drug whose inclus effects and resistance.
    Almost 37 million people in the world have H.I.V., according to Unaids, the U.N.’s AIDS-fighting agency, but fewer than 20 million are now on antiretroviral medicine, which not only saves their lives but prevents them from passing on the disease.

McNEIL Jr., Donald. Disponível em: < https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/22/health/world-health-tetanus-infants.html?mcubz=1>. Acesso em: 22/09/2017. 

Uma empresa que embala seus produtos em caixas de papelão, na forma de hexaedro regular, deseja que seu logotipo seja impresso nas faces opostas pintadas de cinza, conforme a figura:

A gráfica que fará as impressões dos logotipos apresentou as seguintes planificadas:

Que opção sugerida pela gráfica atende ao desejo da empresa?

A representação cartográfica a seguir refere‐se à viagem de circunavegação, iniciada em Sanlúcar de Barrameda, na Andaluzia, em 20 de setembro de 1519, e comandada pelo português Fernão de Magalhães, a serviço da monarquia da Espanha. A despeito da repercussão da viagem para o desenvolvimento dos conhecimentos náuticos e para a exploração do Oceano Pacífico, Battista Agnese foi um dos poucos cartógrafos a registrar a empreitada de Magalhães.

A representação cartográfica de Battista Agnese

A figura ilustra o coração humano.

(Cleveland P. Hickman et al. Princípios integrados de zoologia, 2010. Adaptado.)

A sístole indicada pelas setas 1 e 2 está ocorrendo nos

Read TEXT 1 below and answer question

TEXT 1

World Health Officials Describe Progress Against Tetanus, H.I.V. and Malaria

    Infant and maternal tetanus was officially eliminated from the Americas this year, the Pan American Health Organization announced on Thursday. At one time, the infection killed about 10,000 newborns annually in the Western Hemisphere; tetanus still kills about 35,000 infants around the world. It was one of several significant global health advances, including new programs against malaria and H.I.V., announced last week in conjunction with the meeting of the United Nations General Assembly in New York.
    Haiti was the last country in the Americas to eliminate neonatal tetanus. That does not mean complete eradication, because the bacteria that cause tetanus exist everywhere in soil and animal droppings. Rather, elimination means that thanks to vaccination of mothers and clean birth procedures — less than one case occurs per 1,000 live births.
    The Americas have generally led the world in eliminating diseases for which vaccines exist. In this hemisphere, smallpox was eliminated in 1971, polio in 1994, rubella in 2015 and measles in 2016 (the diseases are sometimes reintroduced, as measles was at Disneyland in 2014, but outbreaks are usually brought quickly under control).
    Also this week, the President’s Malaria Initiative said it would expand its work to new countries in West and Central Africa, protecting 90 million more people. The initiative, founded in 2005 as part of the United States Agency for International Development, has been a major force in driving down worldwide malaria deaths by about 40 percent in the past decade. The disease most often kills young children and pregnant women. The expansion in Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Niger, Sierra Leone and Burkina Faso was made possible because Congress increased funding for the initiative in fiscal year 2017, a representativ said
    In his speech to the United Nations on Tuesday, President Trump praised the malaria initiative and the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief as examples of leadership in humanitarian assistance by the United States.
    A combination of aid agencies, drug companies and g cocktail to treat H.I.V. would soon be available to 92 countries, including virtually all of Africa, for about $75 a year. The new AIDS cocktail is the first available in poor countries to contain dolutegravir, which is widely used in wealthy countries because it is highly effective and has few side effects. The pill also contains lamivudine, an older but still effective drug, and tenof disoproxil fumarate, another modern drug whose inclus effects and resistance.
    Almost 37 million people in the world have H.I.V., according to Unaids, the U.N.’s AIDS-fighting agency, but fewer than 20 million are now on antiretroviral medicine, which not only saves their lives but prevents them from passing on the disease.

McNEIL Jr., Donald. Disponível em: < https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/22/health/world-health-tetanus-infants.html?mcubz=1>. Acesso em: 22/09/2017. 

Um técnico precisa consertar o termostato do aparelho de ar-condicionado de um escritório, que está desregulado. A temperatura T, em graus Celsius, no escritório, varia de acordo com a função T (h) = A + B sen, sendo h o tempo, medido em horas, a partir da meia-noite (0 ≤ h ≤ 24) e A e B os parâmetros que o técnico precisa regular. Os funcionários do escritório pediram que a temperatura máxima fosse 26°C, a mínima 18°C, e que durante a tarde a temperatura fosse menor do que durante a manhã.

Quais devem ser os valores de A e de B para que o pedido dos funcionários seja atendido?

Read TEXT 1 below and answer question

TEXT 1

World Health Officials Describe Progress Against Tetanus, H.I.V. and Malaria

    Infant and maternal tetanus was officially eliminated from the Americas this year, the Pan American Health Organization announced on Thursday. At one time, the infection killed about 10,000 newborns annually in the Western Hemisphere; tetanus still kills about 35,000 infants around the world. It was one of several significant global health advances, including new programs against malaria and H.I.V., announced last week in conjunction with the meeting of the United Nations General Assembly in New York.
    Haiti was the last country in the Americas to eliminate neonatal tetanus. That does not mean complete eradication, because the bacteria that cause tetanus exist everywhere in soil and animal droppings. Rather, elimination means that thanks to vaccination of mothers and clean birth procedures — less than one case occurs per 1,000 live births.
    The Americas have generally led the world in eliminating diseases for which vaccines exist. In this hemisphere, smallpox was eliminated in 1971, polio in 1994, rubella in 2015 and measles in 2016 (the diseases are sometimes reintroduced, as measles was at Disneyland in 2014, but outbreaks are usually brought quickly under control).
    Also this week, the President’s Malaria Initiative said it would expand its work to new countries in West and Central Africa, protecting 90 million more people. The initiative, founded in 2005 as part of the United States Agency for International Development, has been a major force in driving down worldwide malaria deaths by about 40 percent in the past decade. The disease most often kills young children and pregnant women. The expansion in Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Niger, Sierra Leone and Burkina Faso was made possible because Congress increased funding for the initiative in fiscal year 2017, a representativ said
    In his speech to the United Nations on Tuesday, President Trump praised the malaria initiative and the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief as examples of leadership in humanitarian assistance by the United States.
    A combination of aid agencies, drug companies and g cocktail to treat H.I.V. would soon be available to 92 countries, including virtually all of Africa, for about $75 a year. The new AIDS cocktail is the first available in poor countries to contain dolutegravir, which is widely used in wealthy countries because it is highly effective and has few side effects. The pill also contains lamivudine, an older but still effective drug, and tenof disoproxil fumarate, another modern drug whose inclus effects and resistance.
    Almost 37 million people in the world have H.I.V., according to Unaids, the U.N.’s AIDS-fighting agency, but fewer than 20 million are now on antiretroviral medicine, which not only saves their lives but prevents them from passing on the disease.

McNEIL Jr., Donald. Disponível em: < https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/22/health/world-health-tetanus-infants.html?mcubz=1>. Acesso em: 22/09/2017. 

Num campeonato de futebol de 2012, um time sagrou-se campeão com um total de 77 pontos (P) em 38 jogos, tendo 22 vitórias (V), 11 empates (E) e 5 derrotas (D). No critério adotado para esse ano, somente as vitórias e empates têm pontuações positivas e inteiras. As derrotas têm valor zero e o valor de cada vitória é maior que o valor de cada empate.

Um torcedor, considerando a fórmula da soma de pontos injusta, propôs aos organizadores do campeonato que, para o ano de 2013, o time derrotado em cada partida perca 2 pontos, privilegiando os times que perdem menos ao longo do campeonato. Cada vitória e cada empate continuariam com a mesma pontuação de 2012.

Qual a expressão que fornece a quantidade de pontos (P), em função do número de vitórias (V), do número de empates (E) e do número de derrotas (D), no sistema de pontuação proposto pelo torcedor para o ano de 2013?

O gráfico mostra a variação percentual do valor do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) do Brasil, por trimestre, em relação ao trimestre anterior:

De acordo com o gráfico, no período considerado, o trimestre em que o Brasil teve o maior valor do PIB foi o

A figura esquematiza uma flor de angiosperma.

(José Arnaldo Favaretto. 360º biologia, 2017.)

Um pesquisador procurava células com mutações gênicas nessa flor que poderiam ser transmitidas às futuras gerações dessa planta. Para que haja êxito nessa procura, ele deve analisar as células presentes

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