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Economists Reduce Outlook for Brazil Inflation – Survey

By Rogerio Jelmayer – Dow Jones Business News 

Shutterstock phot

   Economists reduced their inflation estimate in Brazil for this year and next year, according to the central bank’s weekly survey of 100 economists published Monday. Economists now expect inflation, as measured by the consumer-price index, to be 7.25% this year, compared with last week’s estimate of 7.34%, the survey showed.

     Economists estimate Brazil’s gross domestic product is likely to contract 3.14% this year, compared with an expected contraction of 3.15% in last week’s survey. Last year, Brazil’s economy contracted 3.80%, according to the country’s statistical bureau, IBGE. For 2017, economists reduced their view of GDP growth to 1.30% from 1.36%.

(www.nasdaq.com. 26.06.2016. Adaptado)

Leia o texto para responder a questão.

Economists Reduce Outlook for Brazil Inflation – Survey

By Rogerio Jelmayer – Dow Jones Business News 

Shutterstock phot

   Economists reduced their inflation estimate in Brazil for this year and next year, according to the central bank’s weekly survey of 100 economists published Monday. Economists now expect inflation, as measured by the consumer-price index, to be 7.25% this year, compared with last week’s estimate of 7.34%, the survey showed.

     Economists estimate Brazil’s gross domestic product is likely to contract 3.14% this year, compared with an expected contraction of 3.15% in last week’s survey. Last year, Brazil’s economy contracted 3.80%, according to the country’s statistical bureau, IBGE. For 2017, economists reduced their view of GDP growth to 1.30% from 1.36%.

(www.nasdaq.com. 26.06.2016. Adaptado)

Leia o texto para responder a questão. 

Patience is needed for Brazil to come good again

Michael Hasenstab

Dr. Michael Hasenstab is executive

vice-president, portfolio manager

and chief investment officer of

Templeton Global Macro

    The Olympic Games in Rio drew global interest to Brazil, but the country and the rest of South America has been in sharp focus for investors all year. They have flocked to the region as part of a broader migration into emerging market debt, following record low valuations and the hunt for yield in a low interest rate environment. While investors have been presented with a rarely seen buying opportunity in emerging markets like South America, it is a mistake to regard these countries as a homogenous group.

    That leaves the challenge of working out which are the most attractive opportunities – some of our best known investments were not obvious choices.

    We have devised a formula to help us evaluate the fundamental strength of different emerging market countries. It scores a country’s current and projected strength on five factors: how well it has learnt the lessons from past crises; the quality of its policy mix; the structural reform being undertaken to boost productivity; the level of domestic demand; and its ability to resist external shocks. The aim is to pick nations that are fundamentally strong but, for one reason or another, are out of favour with investors. It can take time for the market to catch up to reality. But if you are a long-term investor – and we are certainly in that camp – you have the luxury of being able to wait.

    Brazil, for example, is known as a vulnerable market due to the commodities downturn, the ongoing corruption crisis and ensuing political turmoil, but our work suggests to us that it is poised for a potentially significant rebound in the long term. Its current score is low, but its projected future score tells a different story.

    We believe the country has learnt the lessons from the most recent crisis, which brought home the importance of having a sustainable fiscal policy. It has already adopted a flexible exchange rate, has strong foreign exchange reserves and has limited short-term debt. This is also reflected in the country’s improving resilience to external shocks, with a reliance on commodities, at 60 per cent of exports, being the largest remaining negative.

    It is perhaps no surprise, given Brazil’s deep recession and political instability, that there is much work required in terms of improving policy mix, making structural reforms and boosting domestic demand. However, there are signs things are being turned around, with monetary policy already being tightened aggressively to bring inflation expectations back under control, and the previously excessive levels of governmentsubsidised lending being cut. Once political stability returns, the government will be empowered to do even more.

    Work on structural reform should accelerate too, as Brazil’s middle class has made it clear it wants greater transparency and an economic policy framework that can both boost living standards and improve the environment for businesses.

(www.ft.com. 01.09.2016. Adaptado) 

Leia o texto para responder a questão. 

Patience is needed for Brazil to come good again

Michael Hasenstab

Dr. Michael Hasenstab is executive

vice-president, portfolio manager

and chief investment officer of

Templeton Global Macro

    The Olympic Games in Rio drew global interest to Brazil, but the country and the rest of South America has been in sharp focus for investors all year. They have flocked to the region as part of a broader migration into emerging market debt, following record low valuations and the hunt for yield in a low interest rate environment. While investors have been presented with a rarely seen buying opportunity in emerging markets like South America, it is a mistake to regard these countries as a homogenous group.

    That leaves the challenge of working out which are the most attractive opportunities – some of our best known investments were not obvious choices.

    We have devised a formula to help us evaluate the fundamental strength of different emerging market countries. It scores a country’s current and projected strength on five factors: how well it has learnt the lessons from past crises; the quality of its policy mix; the structural reform being undertaken to boost productivity; the level of domestic demand; and its ability to resist external shocks. The aim is to pick nations that are fundamentally strong but, for one reason or another, are out of favour with investors. It can take time for the market to catch up to reality. But if you are a long-term investor – and we are certainly in that camp – you have the luxury of being able to wait.

    Brazil, for example, is known as a vulnerable market due to the commodities downturn, the ongoing corruption crisis and ensuing political turmoil, but our work suggests to us that it is poised for a potentially significant rebound in the long term. Its current score is low, but its projected future score tells a different story.

    We believe the country has learnt the lessons from the most recent crisis, which brought home the importance of having a sustainable fiscal policy. It has already adopted a flexible exchange rate, has strong foreign exchange reserves and has limited short-term debt. This is also reflected in the country’s improving resilience to external shocks, with a reliance on commodities, at 60 per cent of exports, being the largest remaining negative.

    It is perhaps no surprise, given Brazil’s deep recession and political instability, that there is much work required in terms of improving policy mix, making structural reforms and boosting domestic demand. However, there are signs things are being turned around, with monetary policy already being tightened aggressively to bring inflation expectations back under control, and the previously excessive levels of governmentsubsidised lending being cut. Once political stability returns, the government will be empowered to do even more.

    Work on structural reform should accelerate too, as Brazil’s middle class has made it clear it wants greater transparency and an economic policy framework that can both boost living standards and improve the environment for businesses.

(www.ft.com. 01.09.2016. Adaptado) 

Leia o texto para responder a questão. 

Patience is needed for Brazil to come good again

Michael Hasenstab

Dr. Michael Hasenstab is executive

vice-president, portfolio manager

and chief investment officer of

Templeton Global Macro

    The Olympic Games in Rio drew global interest to Brazil, but the country and the rest of South America has been in sharp focus for investors all year. They have flocked to the region as part of a broader migration into emerging market debt, following record low valuations and the hunt for yield in a low interest rate environment. While investors have been presented with a rarely seen buying opportunity in emerging markets like South America, it is a mistake to regard these countries as a homogenous group.

    That leaves the challenge of working out which are the most attractive opportunities – some of our best known investments were not obvious choices.

    We have devised a formula to help us evaluate the fundamental strength of different emerging market countries. It scores a country’s current and projected strength on five factors: how well it has learnt the lessons from past crises; the quality of its policy mix; the structural reform being undertaken to boost productivity; the level of domestic demand; and its ability to resist external shocks. The aim is to pick nations that are fundamentally strong but, for one reason or another, are out of favour with investors. It can take time for the market to catch up to reality. But if you are a long-term investor – and we are certainly in that camp – you have the luxury of being able to wait.

    Brazil, for example, is known as a vulnerable market due to the commodities downturn, the ongoing corruption crisis and ensuing political turmoil, but our work suggests to us that it is poised for a potentially significant rebound in the long term. Its current score is low, but its projected future score tells a different story.

    We believe the country has learnt the lessons from the most recent crisis, which brought home the importance of having a sustainable fiscal policy. It has already adopted a flexible exchange rate, has strong foreign exchange reserves and has limited short-term debt. This is also reflected in the country’s improving resilience to external shocks, with a reliance on commodities, at 60 per cent of exports, being the largest remaining negative.

    It is perhaps no surprise, given Brazil’s deep recession and political instability, that there is much work required in terms of improving policy mix, making structural reforms and boosting domestic demand. However, there are signs things are being turned around, with monetary policy already being tightened aggressively to bring inflation expectations back under control, and the previously excessive levels of governmentsubsidised lending being cut. Once political stability returns, the government will be empowered to do even more.

    Work on structural reform should accelerate too, as Brazil’s middle class has made it clear it wants greater transparency and an economic policy framework that can both boost living standards and improve the environment for businesses.

(www.ft.com. 01.09.2016. Adaptado) 

Leia o texto para responder a questão. 

Patience is needed for Brazil to come good again

Michael Hasenstab

Dr. Michael Hasenstab is executive

vice-president, portfolio manager

and chief investment officer of

Templeton Global Macro

    The Olympic Games in Rio drew global interest to Brazil, but the country and the rest of South America has been in sharp focus for investors all year. They have flocked to the region as part of a broader migration into emerging market debt, following record low valuations and the hunt for yield in a low interest rate environment. While investors have been presented with a rarely seen buying opportunity in emerging markets like South America, it is a mistake to regard these countries as a homogenous group.

    That leaves the challenge of working out which are the most attractive opportunities – some of our best known investments were not obvious choices.

    We have devised a formula to help us evaluate the fundamental strength of different emerging market countries. It scores a country’s current and projected strength on five factors: how well it has learnt the lessons from past crises; the quality of its policy mix; the structural reform being undertaken to boost productivity; the level of domestic demand; and its ability to resist external shocks. The aim is to pick nations that are fundamentally strong but, for one reason or another, are out of favour with investors. It can take time for the market to catch up to reality. But if you are a long-term investor – and we are certainly in that camp – you have the luxury of being able to wait.

    Brazil, for example, is known as a vulnerable market due to the commodities downturn, the ongoing corruption crisis and ensuing political turmoil, but our work suggests to us that it is poised for a potentially significant rebound in the long term. Its current score is low, but its projected future score tells a different story.

    We believe the country has learnt the lessons from the most recent crisis, which brought home the importance of having a sustainable fiscal policy. It has already adopted a flexible exchange rate, has strong foreign exchange reserves and has limited short-term debt. This is also reflected in the country’s improving resilience to external shocks, with a reliance on commodities, at 60 per cent of exports, being the largest remaining negative.

    It is perhaps no surprise, given Brazil’s deep recession and political instability, that there is much work required in terms of improving policy mix, making structural reforms and boosting domestic demand. However, there are signs things are being turned around, with monetary policy already being tightened aggressively to bring inflation expectations back under control, and the previously excessive levels of governmentsubsidised lending being cut. Once political stability returns, the government will be empowered to do even more.

    Work on structural reform should accelerate too, as Brazil’s middle class has made it clear it wants greater transparency and an economic policy framework that can both boost living standards and improve the environment for businesses.

(www.ft.com. 01.09.2016. Adaptado) 

Leia o texto para responder a questão. 

Patience is needed for Brazil to come good again

Michael Hasenstab

Dr. Michael Hasenstab is executive

vice-president, portfolio manager

and chief investment officer of

Templeton Global Macro

    The Olympic Games in Rio drew global interest to Brazil, but the country and the rest of South America has been in sharp focus for investors all year. They have flocked to the region as part of a broader migration into emerging market debt, following record low valuations and the hunt for yield in a low interest rate environment. While investors have been presented with a rarely seen buying opportunity in emerging markets like South America, it is a mistake to regard these countries as a homogenous group.

    That leaves the challenge of working out which are the most attractive opportunities – some of our best known investments were not obvious choices.

    We have devised a formula to help us evaluate the fundamental strength of different emerging market countries. It scores a country’s current and projected strength on five factors: how well it has learnt the lessons from past crises; the quality of its policy mix; the structural reform being undertaken to boost productivity; the level of domestic demand; and its ability to resist external shocks. The aim is to pick nations that are fundamentally strong but, for one reason or another, are out of favour with investors. It can take time for the market to catch up to reality. But if you are a long-term investor – and we are certainly in that camp – you have the luxury of being able to wait.

    Brazil, for example, is known as a vulnerable market due to the commodities downturn, the ongoing corruption crisis and ensuing political turmoil, but our work suggests to us that it is poised for a potentially significant rebound in the long term. Its current score is low, but its projected future score tells a different story.

    We believe the country has learnt the lessons from the most recent crisis, which brought home the importance of having a sustainable fiscal policy. It has already adopted a flexible exchange rate, has strong foreign exchange reserves and has limited short-term debt. This is also reflected in the country’s improving resilience to external shocks, with a reliance on commodities, at 60 per cent of exports, being the largest remaining negative.

    It is perhaps no surprise, given Brazil’s deep recession and political instability, that there is much work required in terms of improving policy mix, making structural reforms and boosting domestic demand. However, there are signs things are being turned around, with monetary policy already being tightened aggressively to bring inflation expectations back under control, and the previously excessive levels of governmentsubsidised lending being cut. Once political stability returns, the government will be empowered to do even more.

    Work on structural reform should accelerate too, as Brazil’s middle class has made it clear it wants greater transparency and an economic policy framework that can both boost living standards and improve the environment for businesses.

(www.ft.com. 01.09.2016. Adaptado) 

Leia o texto para responder a questão. 

Patience is needed for Brazil to come good again

Michael Hasenstab

Dr. Michael Hasenstab is executive

vice-president, portfolio manager

and chief investment officer of

Templeton Global Macro

    The Olympic Games in Rio drew global interest to Brazil, but the country and the rest of South America has been in sharp focus for investors all year. They have flocked to the region as part of a broader migration into emerging market debt, following record low valuations and the hunt for yield in a low interest rate environment. While investors have been presented with a rarely seen buying opportunity in emerging markets like South America, it is a mistake to regard these countries as a homogenous group.

    That leaves the challenge of working out which are the most attractive opportunities – some of our best known investments were not obvious choices.

    We have devised a formula to help us evaluate the fundamental strength of different emerging market countries. It scores a country’s current and projected strength on five factors: how well it has learnt the lessons from past crises; the quality of its policy mix; the structural reform being undertaken to boost productivity; the level of domestic demand; and its ability to resist external shocks. The aim is to pick nations that are fundamentally strong but, for one reason or another, are out of favour with investors. It can take time for the market to catch up to reality. But if you are a long-term investor – and we are certainly in that camp – you have the luxury of being able to wait.

    Brazil, for example, is known as a vulnerable market due to the commodities downturn, the ongoing corruption crisis and ensuing political turmoil, but our work suggests to us that it is poised for a potentially significant rebound in the long term. Its current score is low, but its projected future score tells a different story.

    We believe the country has learnt the lessons from the most recent crisis, which brought home the importance of having a sustainable fiscal policy. It has already adopted a flexible exchange rate, has strong foreign exchange reserves and has limited short-term debt. This is also reflected in the country’s improving resilience to external shocks, with a reliance on commodities, at 60 per cent of exports, being the largest remaining negative.

    It is perhaps no surprise, given Brazil’s deep recession and political instability, that there is much work required in terms of improving policy mix, making structural reforms and boosting domestic demand. However, there are signs things are being turned around, with monetary policy already being tightened aggressively to bring inflation expectations back under control, and the previously excessive levels of governmentsubsidised lending being cut. Once political stability returns, the government will be empowered to do even more.

    Work on structural reform should accelerate too, as Brazil’s middle class has made it clear it wants greater transparency and an economic policy framework that can both boost living standards and improve the environment for businesses.

(www.ft.com. 01.09.2016. Adaptado) 

Leia o texto para responder a questão. 

Patience is needed for Brazil to come good again

Michael Hasenstab

Dr. Michael Hasenstab is executive

vice-president, portfolio manager

and chief investment officer of

Templeton Global Macro

    The Olympic Games in Rio drew global interest to Brazil, but the country and the rest of South America has been in sharp focus for investors all year. They have flocked to the region as part of a broader migration into emerging market debt, following record low valuations and the hunt for yield in a low interest rate environment. While investors have been presented with a rarely seen buying opportunity in emerging markets like South America, it is a mistake to regard these countries as a homogenous group.

    That leaves the challenge of working out which are the most attractive opportunities – some of our best known investments were not obvious choices.

    We have devised a formula to help us evaluate the fundamental strength of different emerging market countries. It scores a country’s current and projected strength on five factors: how well it has learnt the lessons from past crises; the quality of its policy mix; the structural reform being undertaken to boost productivity; the level of domestic demand; and its ability to resist external shocks. The aim is to pick nations that are fundamentally strong but, for one reason or another, are out of favour with investors. It can take time for the market to catch up to reality. But if you are a long-term investor – and we are certainly in that camp – you have the luxury of being able to wait.

    Brazil, for example, is known as a vulnerable market due to the commodities downturn, the ongoing corruption crisis and ensuing political turmoil, but our work suggests to us that it is poised for a potentially significant rebound in the long term. Its current score is low, but its projected future score tells a different story.

    We believe the country has learnt the lessons from the most recent crisis, which brought home the importance of having a sustainable fiscal policy. It has already adopted a flexible exchange rate, has strong foreign exchange reserves and has limited short-term debt. This is also reflected in the country’s improving resilience to external shocks, with a reliance on commodities, at 60 per cent of exports, being the largest remaining negative.

    It is perhaps no surprise, given Brazil’s deep recession and political instability, that there is much work required in terms of improving policy mix, making structural reforms and boosting domestic demand. However, there are signs things are being turned around, with monetary policy already being tightened aggressively to bring inflation expectations back under control, and the previously excessive levels of governmentsubsidised lending being cut. Once political stability returns, the government will be empowered to do even more.

    Work on structural reform should accelerate too, as Brazil’s middle class has made it clear it wants greater transparency and an economic policy framework that can both boost living standards and improve the environment for businesses.

(www.ft.com. 01.09.2016. Adaptado) 

Veja a seguinte Figura:

Figura 1: O presidente Getúlio Vargas em um encontro com o presidente dos Estados Unidos Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

Fonte: Disponível em: <http://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/gvfoto035_2.jpg>. Acesso em: 20 out. 2016.

Leia as afirmativas abaixo sobre a chamada “política da boa vizinhança” e marque a afirmativa CORRETA.

Leia as afirmativas abaixo sobre o processo de colonização e descolonização da África e o impacto gerado na situação atual do continente.

I – Um dos fatos que mais favoreceram a descolonização da África foi o fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial, pois a Alemanha, que perdeu a guerra, tinha o maior número dessas colônias.

II – Um dos principais métodos utilizados pelos europeus na colonização era se aproveitar da rivalidade entre dois grupos étnicos locais. Apoiavam um deles, dando armas e meios para subjugar o outro.

III – Nos conflitos atuais, é utilizado um grande número de crianças. Geralmente, elas são sequestradas, mas, às vezes, são entregues pelos familiares aos combatentes, como uma forma de escapar da pobreza e de represálias.

IV – A Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) vem construindo um acordo que prevê a proibição da utilização de crianças na guerra, em um prazo de 10 anos.

Agora, assinale a alternativa CORRETA.

Leia as afirmativas abaixo sobre a democracia grega.

I – Na democracia ateniense, todos os cidadãos podiam participar da assembleia do povo (Eclésia). Nela, tomavam-se as decisões sobre os assuntos políticos.

II – Os cidadãos tinham três direitos essenciais: liberdade individual, direito a falar na assembleia e igualdade perante a lei.

III – Todos os homens acima dos 18 anos eram considerados cidadãos e tinham o direito de participação política garantido.

IV – Qualquer cidadão ateniense tinha o direito de pedir a palavra e ser ouvido, mas o direito a voto era dado apenas aos anciãos.

V – Nenhum cidadão poderia deixar de se submeter às leis, sob pena de sofrer as punições previstas.

Agora, assinale a alternativa CORRETA.

Leia o seguinte texto:

É uma das principais estratégias utilizadas na conservação da biodiversidade e no desenvolvimento ambiental de uma determinada região. Tem como objetivo unir os fragmentos florestais ou unidades de conservação separados por interferência humana, como, por exemplo, estradas, agricultura, atividade madeireira, possibilitando, assim, o livre deslocamento de animais, a dispersão de sementes e o aumento da cobertura vegetal. Reduz os efeitos da fragmentação dos ecossistemas, ao promover a ligação entre diferentes áreas e permitir o fluxo gênico entre as espécies da fauna e flora, propiciando a recolonização de áreas degradadas.  

Disponível em: <http://www.oeco.org.br/dicionario-ambiental>. Acesso em: 18 ago. 2016.

Leia o texto abaixo e, em seguida, analise o cartoon.

Finalmente, o Brasil, país onde a reforma agrária deveria ter sido o complemento da libertação dos escravos, há cento e vinte anos. Na falta da reforma, foi impossível evitar a dicotomia – modernidade/atraso – que caracteriza a sociedade brasileira atual e impede o seu desenvolvimento econômico, social e político. O primeiro intento de romper esse quadro estrutural data dos anos 1960 e foi esmagado pelo Golpe Militar de 1964. O segundo, em 1984, dilui-se pelo comprometimento dos políticos com a poderosa classe dos grandes proprietários de terras.

MARTINS, Mônica Dias. O Banco Mundial e a terra: ofensiva e resistência na América Latina, África e Ásia. São Paulo: Viramundo, 2004. p. 13

Analise o Gráfico 1 abaixo:

Gráfico 1: Matriz Energética Brasileira. Fonte: Disponível em: <http://blog.nei.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/graf_3_abineetec.jpg>. Acesso em: 8 ago. 2016