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Questões de Inglês do ENEM

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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

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    Read Text III and answer the question that follow it.

    Text III

    How ghost cities in the Amazon are rewriting the story of civilisation

        Try to imagine an environment largely untouched by humans and the Amazon rainforest might spring to mind. After all, large swathes of this South American landscape are blanketed in thick vegetation, suggesting it is one corner of the world that humans never managed to tame. Here, there must have been no deforestation, no agricultural revolution and no cities. It seems like a pristine environment.
        Or so we thought. But a very different picture is emerging. Archaeologists working with Indigenous communities have been shown crumbling urban remains and remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) are revealing the footprints of vast ghost cities. With so much evidence of ancient human activity, it is now thought the pre-Columbian Amazon was inhabited by millions of people – some living in large built-up areas complete with road networks, temples and pyramids.
        But that’s not all this research reveals. Paradoxically, it also provides evidence that the traditional view of the Amazon isn’t completely wide of the mark. For instance, while the ancient Amazonians managed their landscape intensively, they didn’t deforest it. And although they developed complex societies, they never went through a wholesale agricultural revolution. This might suggest that the pre-Columbian Amazonians broke the mould of human cultural development, which is traditionally seen as a relentless march from hunting and gathering to farming to urban complexity. The truth is more surprising. In fact, we are now coming to understand that there was no such mould – civilisation arose in myriad ways. What looks like an anomaly in the Amazon is actually a shining example of a process that was as vibrant and diverse as the rainforest itself.

    Adapted from: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg26334980-500-how-ghostcities-in-the-amazon-are-rewriting-the-story-of-civilisation/
    The phrase a pristine environment (1st paragraph) means that the area is 
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Read Text III and answer the question that follow it.

    Text III

    How ghost cities in the Amazon are rewriting the story of civilisation

        Try to imagine an environment largely untouched by humans and the Amazon rainforest might spring to mind. After all, large swathes of this South American landscape are blanketed in thick vegetation, suggesting it is one corner of the world that humans never managed to tame. Here, there must have been no deforestation, no agricultural revolution and no cities. It seems like a pristine environment.
        Or so we thought. But a very different picture is emerging. Archaeologists working with Indigenous communities have been shown crumbling urban remains and remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) are revealing the footprints of vast ghost cities. With so much evidence of ancient human activity, it is now thought the pre-Columbian Amazon was inhabited by millions of people – some living in large built-up areas complete with road networks, temples and pyramids.
        But that’s not all this research reveals. Paradoxically, it also provides evidence that the traditional view of the Amazon isn’t completely wide of the mark. For instance, while the ancient Amazonians managed their landscape intensively, they didn’t deforest it. And although they developed complex societies, they never went through a wholesale agricultural revolution. This might suggest that the pre-Columbian Amazonians broke the mould of human cultural development, which is traditionally seen as a relentless march from hunting and gathering to farming to urban complexity. The truth is more surprising. In fact, we are now coming to understand that there was no such mould – civilisation arose in myriad ways. What looks like an anomaly in the Amazon is actually a shining example of a process that was as vibrant and diverse as the rainforest itself.

    Adapted from: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg26334980-500-how-ghostcities-in-the-amazon-are-rewriting-the-story-of-civilisation/
    The phrase ghost cities in the title indicates that they
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Read Text III and answer the question that follow it.

    Text III

    How ghost cities in the Amazon are rewriting the story of civilisation

        Try to imagine an environment largely untouched by humans and the Amazon rainforest might spring to mind. After all, large swathes of this South American landscape are blanketed in thick vegetation, suggesting it is one corner of the world that humans never managed to tame. Here, there must have been no deforestation, no agricultural revolution and no cities. It seems like a pristine environment.
        Or so we thought. But a very different picture is emerging. Archaeologists working with Indigenous communities have been shown crumbling urban remains and remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) are revealing the footprints of vast ghost cities. With so much evidence of ancient human activity, it is now thought the pre-Columbian Amazon was inhabited by millions of people – some living in large built-up areas complete with road networks, temples and pyramids.
        But that’s not all this research reveals. Paradoxically, it also provides evidence that the traditional view of the Amazon isn’t completely wide of the mark. For instance, while the ancient Amazonians managed their landscape intensively, they didn’t deforest it. And although they developed complex societies, they never went through a wholesale agricultural revolution. This might suggest that the pre-Columbian Amazonians broke the mould of human cultural development, which is traditionally seen as a relentless march from hunting and gathering to farming to urban complexity. The truth is more surprising. In fact, we are now coming to understand that there was no such mould – civilisation arose in myriad ways. What looks like an anomaly in the Amazon is actually a shining example of a process that was as vibrant and diverse as the rainforest itself.

    Adapted from: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg26334980-500-how-ghostcities-in-the-amazon-are-rewriting-the-story-of-civilisation/
    The text concludes that the development of civilization was 
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Read Text III and answer the question that follow it.

    Text III

    How ghost cities in the Amazon are rewriting the story of civilisation

            Try to imagine an environment largely untouched by humans and the Amazon rainforest might spring to mind. After all, large swathes of this South American landscape are blanketed in thick vegetation, suggesting it is one corner of the world that humans never managed to tame. Here, there must have been no deforestation, no agricultural revolution and no cities. It seems like a pristine environment.
        
            Or so we thought. But a very different picture is emerging. Archaeologists working with Indigenous communities have been shown crumbling urban remains and remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) are revealing the footprints of vast ghost cities. With so much evidence of ancient human activity, it is now thought the pre-Columbian Amazon was inhabited by millions of people – some living in large built-up areas complete with road networks, temples and pyramids.
        
            But that’s not all this research reveals. Paradoxically, it also provides evidence that the traditional view of the Amazon isn’t completely wide of the mark. For instance, while the ancient Amazonians managed their landscape intensively, they didn’t deforest it. And although they developed complex societies, they never went through a wholesale agricultural revolution. This might suggest that the pre-Columbian Amazonians broke the mould of human cultural development, which is traditionally seen as a relentless march from hunting and gathering to farming to urban complexity. The truth is more surprising. In fact, we are now coming to understand that there was no such mould – civilisation arose in myriad ways. What looks like an anomaly in the Amazon is actually a shining example of a process that was as vibrant and diverse as the rainforest itself.

    Adapted from: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg26334980-500-how-ghostcities-in-the-amazon-are-rewriting-the-story-of-civilisation/
    Based on Text III, mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F).

    I. Research has changed the view of how the Amazon was once populated.

    II. The forest was respected by Pre-Columbian Amazonians.

    III. Archaeologists found out that Amazonian ancient cultures did not erect any buildings.

    The statements are, respectively,
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

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    Read Text II and answer the question that follow it.

    Text II

    Nothing Gold Can Stay
    Nature’s first green is gold,
    Her hardest hue to hold.
    Her early leaf’s a flower;
    But only so an hour.
    Then leaf subsides to leaf.
    So Eden sank to grief,
    So dawn goes down to day.
    Nothing gold can stay.

    Robert Frost, "Nothing Gold Can Stay", from: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/148652/nothing-gold-can-stay5c095cc5ab679.
    The tone of the poem is 
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    Inglês

    Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Read Text II and answer the question that follow it.

    Text II

    Nothing Gold Can Stay
    Nature’s first green is gold,
    Her hardest hue to hold.
    Her early leaf’s a flower;
    But only so an hour.
    Then leaf subsides to leaf.
    So Eden sank to grief,
    So dawn goes down to day.
    Nothing gold can stay.

    Robert Frost, "Nothing Gold Can Stay", from: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/148652/nothing-gold-can-stay5c095cc5ab679.
    The point of the poem is to show the 
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

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    Read Text I and answer the question that follow it.

    Text I

    What’s good about personalized medicine

            For a long time, the practice of medicine has largely been reactive, waiting for the onset of disease before treating or curing it. But we’re all unique in terms of genetic makeup, environment, and lifestyle factors. Our growing understanding of genetics and genomics – the study of all of a person’s genes – and how they drive health, disease and treatment in individual people offers an opportunity to step away from a ‘one size fits all’ approach based on broad population averages and adopt an individualized approach.
       
            In addition to advances in the field of genomics, developments in the fields of science and technology play a crucial role in personalized medicine (for example, the development of high-resolution analytics, biotech research and chemistry, and the ability to decipher molecular structures, signaling pathways, and protein interactions that underpin the mechanisms of gene expression).
       
            Personalized medicine is about more than prescribing the best drugs, although that’s a large part of it. Proponents say it would shift medicine’s emphasis from reaction to prevention, better predict disease susceptibility and improve diagnosis, produce more effective drugs and reduce adverse side effects, and eliminate the inefficiency and cost of adopting a trial-anderror approach to healthcare. […]
      
            Despite its numerous benefits, the adoption of a personalized medicine approach raises several issues. For it to reach peak efficiency, a lot of genomic data must be collected from a large and diverse section of the population, and it’s critical that participants’ privacy and confidentiality are protected.

    Adapted from: https://newatlas.com/medical/personalized-medicine-benefitsconcerns/
    The verb shift in “Proponents say it would shift medicine’s emphasis from reaction to prevention” (3rd paragraph) means 
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Read Text I and answer the question that follow it.

    Text I

    What’s good about personalized medicine

        For a long time, the practice of medicine has largely been reactive, waiting for the onset of disease before treating or curing it. But we’re all unique in terms of genetic makeup, environment, and lifestyle factors. Our growing understanding of genetics and genomics – the study of all of a person’s genes – and how they drive health, disease and treatment in individual people offers an opportunity to step away from a ‘one size fits all’ approach based on broad population averages and adopt an individualized approach.
        In addition to advances in the field of genomics, developments in the fields of science and technology play a crucial role in personalized medicine (for example, the development of high-resolution analytics, biotech research and chemistry, and the ability to decipher molecular structures, signaling pathways, and protein interactions that underpin the mechanisms of gene expression).
        Personalized medicine is about more than prescribing the best drugs, although that’s a large part of it. Proponents say it would shift medicine’s emphasis from reaction to prevention, better predict disease susceptibility and improve diagnosis, produce more effective drugs and reduce adverse side effects, and eliminate the inefficiency and cost of adopting a trial-anderror approach to healthcare. […]
       Despite its numerous benefits, the adoption of a personalized medicine approach raises several issues. For it to reach peak efficiency, a lot of genomic data must be collected from a large and diverse section of the population, and it’s critical that participants’ privacy and confidentiality are protected.

    Adapted from: https://newatlas.com/medical/personalized-medicine-benefitsconcerns/
    The text concludes with a(n) 
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Read Text I and answer the question that follow it.

    Text I

    What’s good about personalized medicine

        For a long time, the practice of medicine has largely been reactive, waiting for the onset of disease before treating or curing it. But we’re all unique in terms of genetic makeup, environment, and lifestyle factors. Our growing understanding of genetics and genomics – the study of all of a person’s genes – and how they drive health, disease and treatment in individual people offers an opportunity to step away from a ‘one size fits all’ approach based on broad population averages and adopt an individualized approach.
        In addition to advances in the field of genomics, developments in the fields of science and technology play a crucial role in personalized medicine (for example, the development of high-resolution analytics, biotech research and chemistry, and the ability to decipher molecular structures, signaling pathways, and protein interactions that underpin the mechanisms of gene expression).
        Personalized medicine is about more than prescribing the best drugs, although that’s a large part of it. Proponents say it would shift medicine’s emphasis from reaction to prevention, better predict disease susceptibility and improve diagnosis, produce more effective drugs and reduce adverse side effects, and eliminate the inefficiency and cost of adopting a trial-anderror approach to healthcare. […]
       Despite its numerous benefits, the adoption of a personalized medicine approach raises several issues. For it to reach peak efficiency, a lot of genomic data must be collected from a large and diverse section of the population, and it’s critical that participants’ privacy and confidentiality are protected.

    Adapted from: https://newatlas.com/medical/personalized-medicine-benefitsconcerns/
    Analyse the assertions below based on Text I:

    I. Knowledge of human genes may lead to a more customized medical treatment.

    II. Technological developments have put a brake on progress in personalized medicine.

    III. Trial-and-error approach to healthcare is the basis of a personalized medicine. 
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

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    Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.


        “In recent years, no more than a week goes by without news of a cosmic discovery worthy of banner headlines. While media gatekeepers may have developed an interest in the universe, this rise in coverage likely comes from a genuine increase in the public’s appetite for science. Evidence for this abounds, from hit television shows inspired or informed by science, to the success of science fiction films starring marquee actors, and brought to the screens by celebrated producers and directors. And lately, theatrical release biopics featuring important scientists have become a genre unto itself. There´s also widespread interest around the world in science festivals, science fiction conventions, and documentaries for television.


        The highest grossing film of all time is by a famous director who set his story on a planet orbiting a distant star. And it features a famous actress who plays an astrobiologist. While most branches of science have ascended in this era, the field of astrophysics persistently rises to the top. I think I know why. At one time or another every one of us has looked up at night sky and wondered: What does it all mean? How does it all work? And, what is my place in the universe? [...]”


    Fonte: TYSON, Neil DeGrasse. Astrophysics for people in a hurry. United States of America: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2017.

    De acordo com as informações encontradas no texto, é CORRETO afirmar que


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    Inglês

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    Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.



    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UFRGS 2023, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UFRGS 2023, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension



    Adapted from: DEHAENE, Stanislas. How we learn: Why brains learn better than any machine… for now. New York: Viking Press, 2020. 

    What does the phrase diamonds in the rough (l. 63-64) mean, as used in the text?
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    Inglês

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    Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.



    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UFRGS 2023, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UFRGS 2023, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension



    Adapted from: DEHAENE, Stanislas. How we learn: Why brains learn better than any machine… for now. New York: Viking Press, 2020. 

    Select the alternative that offers adequate synonyms to the words dwellings (l. 11) – knack (l. 33) – offspring (l. 44).
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    Inglês

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    Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.



    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UFRGS 2023, Passado simples | Simple past

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UFRGS 2023, Passado simples | Simple past



    Adapted from: DEHAENE, Stanislas. How we learn: Why brains learn better than any machine… for now. New York: Viking Press, 2020. 

    Consider the statements below.


    I - The use of present perfect simple in the clause No other animal has managed to change its ecological niche so radically (l. 08-09) implies that the author considers the event referred to finished and unrelated to the present.

    II - The use of simple past in More recently, humanity discovered (l. 39) is a deviation from the standard norm, and the fragment would be made grammatically correct if its verb tense were the present perfect simple since the event it refers to is said to be recent.

    III- The use of passive voice in the clause These parameters are carefully chosen (l. 24-25) means that the author does not know or prefers not to stress who or what makes the choice referred to.


    Which ones are correct according to the text?
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    Inglês

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    Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.



    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UFRGS 2023, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UFRGS 2023, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension



    Adapted from: DEHAENE, Stanislas. How we learn: Why brains learn better than any machine… for now. New York: Viking Press, 2020. 

    Consider the following statements.


    I – The pronoun itself (l. 05) refers to species (l. 04).

    II – The pronoun it (l. 07) refers to world (l. 05).

    III – The possessive adjective its (l. 69) refers to society (l. 69).


    Which ones are correct according to the text?
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    Inglês

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    Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.



    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UFRGS 2023, Orações condicionais | Conditional Clauses

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UFRGS 2023, Orações condicionais | Conditional Clauses



    Adapted from: DEHAENE, Stanislas. How we learn: Why brains learn better than any machine… for now. New York: Viking Press, 2020. 

    Consider the following propositions for rephrasing the sentence If I had to sum up, in one word, the singular talents of our species, I would answer with “learning” (l. 01-03).


    I - If I were supposed to sum up, in one word, the singular talents of our species, I would answer with “learning”.

    II - Were I to sum up, in one word, the singular talents of our species, I would answer with “learning”.

    III- Were I supposed to sum up, in one word, the singular talents of our species, I would answer with “learning”.


    If applied to the text, which one(s) would be correct and keep the literal meaning?
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    Inglês

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    Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.



    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UFRGS 2023, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UFRGS 2023, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension



    Adapted from: DEHAENE, Stanislas. How we learn: Why brains learn better than any machine… for now. New York: Viking Press, 2020. 

    Mark the sentences below T (true) or F (false) according to the text.


    ( ) By using the phrase Darwinian algorithm (l. 26), the author stresses that human intelligence and Artificial Intelligence evolve by means of the same processes.

    ( ) The author draws a parallel between the number of years one spends at school with the increasing efficiency of education.

    ( ) The human tendency for abstract thinking through language and mathematics is one of the keys to our unique learning skills because it allows us to raise hypotheses.

    ( ) The author fears that without public investment in education human societies will become more complex due to lower IQ and memory rates.


    The sequence that adequately fills in the parentheses, from top to bottom, is
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    Inglês

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    Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.



    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UFRGS 2023, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UFRGS 2023, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension



    Adapted from: DEHAENE, Stanislas. How we learn: Why brains learn better than any machine… for now. New York: Viking Press, 2020. 

    Consider the statements below.


    I - According to the text, pedagogy and the creation of schools are the phenomena that have transformed Homo sapiens into Homo docens, a species that teaches itself.

    II - The author states that the Darwinist evolutionary theory does not account for our species’ triumph of learning because what we inherit through our genes are fixed and invariable foundations.

    III- The text implies that without education human societies might still be much more evolved than those of other species, but hardly as complex as they are today.


    Which ones are correct according to the text?
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    Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.



    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UFRGS 2023, Palavras conectivas | Connective words

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UFRGS 2023, Palavras conectivas | Connective words



    Adapted from: DEHAENE, Stanislas. How we learn: Why brains learn better than any machine… for now. New York: Viking Press, 2020. 

    Select the alternative that adequately fills in the blank in line 30.
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    Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.



    Figura 1 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UFRGS 2023, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Figura 2 de 2 da questão de Inglês, UFRGS 2023, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension



    Adaptado de: ÁLVAREZ, J. Snow. In: Castillo-Speed, L. Latina – Women’s voices from the borderlands. New York: Touchstone, 1995. 

    Além de shriek, vários vocábulos em inglês podem ser traduzidos como “gritar”. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a nuance de sentido que a autora deu ao texto ao empregar a forma verbal shrieked (l. 41).
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    Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.



    Figura 1 de 3 da questão de Inglês, UFRGS 2023, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Figura 2 de 3 da questão de Inglês, UFRGS 2023, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension



    Adaptado de: ÁLVAREZ, J. Snow. In: Castillo-Speed, L. Latina – Women’s voices from the borderlands. New York: Touchstone, 1995. 

    Associe as palavras da coluna da esquerda aos seus respectivos sinônimos, na coluna da direita, de acordo com o sentido que têm no texto.



    Figura 3 de 3 da questão de Inglês, UFRGS 2023, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension


    A sequência correta de preenchimento dos parênteses, de cima para baixo, é 
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