Questões de Inglês do ENEM

     So a scientist walks into a shopping mall to watch people laugh. There’s no punchline. Laughter is a serious scientific subject, one that researchers are still trying to figure out. Laughing is primal, our first way of communicating. Apes laugh. So do dogs and rats. Babies laugh long before they speak. No one teaches you how to laugh. You just do. And often you laugh involuntarily, in a specific rhythm and in certain spots in conversation.
    You may laugh at a prank on April Fools’ Day. But surprisingly,  only 10 to 15 percent of laughter is the result of someone making a joke, said Baltimore neuroscientist Robert Provine, who has studied laughter for decades. Laughter is mostly about social responses rather than reaction to a joke. “Laughter above all else is a social thing,’’ Provine said. “The requirement for laughter is another person.’’  
    Over the years, Provine, a professor with the University of Maryland Baltimore County, has boiled laughter down to its basics. “All language groups laugh ‘ha-ha-ha’ basically the same way,’’ he said. “Whether you speak Mandarin, French or English, everyone will understand laughter. ... There’s a pattern generator in our brain that produces this sound.’’
    Each “ha’’ is about one-15th of a second, repeated every fifth of a second, he said. Laugh faster or slower than that and it sounds more like panting or something else. Deaf people laugh without hearing, and people on cell phones laugh without seeing, illustrating that laughter isn’t dependent on a single sense but on social interactions, said Provine, author of the book “Laughter: A Scientific Investigation.’’   
    “It’s joy, it’s positive engagement with life,’’ said Jaak Panksepp, a Bowling Green University psychology professor. “It’s deeply social.’’ And it’s not just a people thing either. Chimps tickle each other and even laugh when another chimp pretends to tickle them. By studying rats, Panksepp and other scientists can figure out what’s going on in the brain during laughter. And it holds promise for human ills.
    Northwestern biomedical engineering professor Jeffrey Burgdorf has found that laughter in rats produces an insulin-like growth factor chemical that acts as an antidepressant and anxietyreducer. He thinks the same thing probably happens in humans, too. This would give doctors a new chemical target in the brain in their effort to develop drugs that fight depression and anxiety in people. Even so, laughter itself hasn’t been proven to be the best medicine, experts said.

According to the information in the article, which of the following is a strange aspect of what happened in Cologne on New Year’s Eve?

With respect to Henriette Reker, which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?

With respect to evolutionary pressure, which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?

According to the information in the article, which of the following is most likely to happen when a venomous animal group enters a new habitat?

According to the information in the article, Kartik Sunagar and Yehu Moran

    As my official bio reads, I was made in Cuba, assembled in Spain, and imported to the United States — meaning my mother, seven months pregnant, and the rest of my family arrived as exiles from Cuba to Madrid, where I was born. Less than two months later, we emigrated once more and settled in New York City, then eventually in Miami, where I was raised and educated. Although technically we lived in the United States, the Cuban community was culturally insular in Miami during the 1970s, bonded together by the trauma of exile. What’s more, it seemed that practically everyone was Cuban: my teachers, my classmates, the mechanic, the bus driver. I didn’t grow up feeling different or treated as a minority. The few kids who got picked on in my grade school were the ones with freckles and funny last names like Dawson and O’Neil.

BLANCO, R. Disponível em: http://edition.cnn.com. Acesso em: 9 dez. 2017 (adaptado).

Ao relatar suas vivências, o autor destaca o(a)

     Retrieve a discarded water bottle. Tear off the label and fill it with any water that’s not too murky from a creek, standpipe or a puddle. Place the bottle on a piece of metal in full sun. In six hours the UVA radiation will kill viruses, bacteria and parasites in the water, making it safe to drink.

     SODIS, the acronym for this Swiss - pioneered water - disinfection program, is now being used all over the world to provide drinking water for some four million people. “It’s simple, it’s free, and it’s effective,” says Ibelatha Mhelela, principal of the Ndolela Primary School in Tanzania. In 2006 her school started using SODIS to disinfect its contaminated tap water, placing bottles on the building’s corrugated metal roof. The result? Absenteeism due to diarrhea has dropped considerably, and examination scores soared. “Before we started SODIS, only ten to fifteen percent of the children passed the national sixth grade exams,” says Mhelela, “Now ninety to ninety - five percent of the students pass.” 

(National Geographic, April 2010)

“Two hundred years ago, Jane Austen lived in a world where single men boasted vast estates; single ladies were expected to speak several languages, sing and play the piano. In both cases, it was, of course, advantageous if you looked good too. So, how much has — or hasn't — changed? Dating apps opaquely outline the demands of today's relationship market; users ruminate long and hard over their choice of pictures and what they write in their biographies to hook in potential lovers, and that's just your own profile. What do you look for in a future partner's profile — potential signifiers of a popular personality, a good job, a nice car? These apps are a poignant reminder of the often classist atitudes we still adopt, as well as the financial and aesthetic expectations we demand from potential partners.

GALER,S. Disponível em: www.bbc.com, Acesso em: 8 dez. 2047 (adaptado)

O texto aborda relações interpessoais com o objetivo de

GAULD, T. Disponível em; www.tomgauld.com. Acesso em: 25 out 2021.

Nessa tirinha, o comportamento da mulher expressa

        Instagram is made up of all photos and videos. There is the home page that showcases the posts from people you follow, an explore tab which offers posts from accounts all over the wold, and your own page, with a notification tab to show who likes and comments on your posts. 

        It has some downsides though. It is known to make many people feel insecure or down about themselves because the platform shoncases the highlights of everyone's lives, while rarely showing the negatives. This can make one feel like their life is not going as well as others, contributing to the growing rates of anxiety or depression in many teens today. There is an underlying desire for acceptance through the number of likes or followers one has.

Disponível em: https://cyberbulling.org. Acesso em 29 out. 2021

O termo “downsides” introduz a ideia de que o Instagram é responsável por

DUFFY, C. Disponível em: www.independent.co.uk. Acesso em: 27 out 2021

Nesse poema, o eu lírico evidencia um sentimento de

     Retrieve a discarded water bottle. Tear off the label and fill it with any water that’s not too murky from a creek, standpipe or a puddle. Place the bottle on a piece of metal in full sun. In six hours the UVA radiation will kill viruses, bacteria and parasites in the water, making it safe to drink.

     SODIS, the acronym for this Swiss - pioneered water - disinfection program, is now being used all over the world to provide drinking water for some four million people. “It’s simple, it’s free, and it’s effective,” says Ibelatha Mhelela, principal of the Ndolela Primary School in Tanzania. In 2006 her school started using SODIS to disinfect its contaminated tap water, placing bottles on the building’s corrugated metal roof. The result? Absenteeism due to diarrhea has dropped considerably, and examination scores soared. “Before we started SODIS, only ten to fifteen percent of the children passed the national sixth grade exams,” says Mhelela, “Now ninety to ninety - five percent of the students pass.” 

(National Geographic, April 2010)

The modal auxiliary “should” in the first sentence of the second paragraph of text C indicates