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    Don’t Look Up: four climate experts on the polarising disaster film

         Critics haven’t been kind to Adam McKay’s eco-satire, but many climate experts are lauding it. Here four give their views
         Rarely has a film been as divisive as Adam McKay’s climate satire Don’t Look Up. Although it has been watched by millions, and is already Netflix’s third most watched film ever, the response from critics was largely negative. Many found its story of scientists who discover an asteroid heading for Earth a clumsy allegory for the climate crisis, while others just found it boring. But many in the climate movement have praised the film, and audience reviews have been generally positive.
         We asked four climate experts to give their views on the film. Warning: spoilers ahead.

          Ketan Joshi: ‘The main character of the climate crisis is absent’
          […]
        Fiona Harvey: ‘The role of the technoloon, played by Mark Rylance, struck a chord’
           […]
          After 17 years of reporting on the climate crisis, I doubted at first that the film had much to tell me about the frustrations of communicating a hypothetical catastrophe. As the film’s scientists first struggled to clothe their data in sober, measured terms, then broke into swearing, armwaving shrieks about provable imminent apocalypse, I nodded along. Yes, that’s what it feels like, and no, no one listens, not until it is too late.
          Yet it was illuminating in unexpected ways – something I’ve always struggled with is how rational people can fail to grasp the scale of climate breakdown, how we could leave it so late. As the film shows, it’s partly because vested interests keep it that way, but it’s also just because we’re human. Believing in disaster before it strikes is fundamentally not how we work. 
         The role of the techno-loon, played by Mark Rylance, struck another chord. Cop26 was not a failure, though on the surface that was the obvious conclusion – it was more nuanced than that. Soon after the Cop26 circus left Glasgow, the danger of painting the outcome in such blackand-white terms became apparent, as wellmeaning experts concluded – in all seriousness – as talking didn’t work, our best hope would be for billionaires to bypass the UN and geoengineer the climate from space. Because obviously the answer to a vast uncontrolled experiment on the atmosphere is to conduct a vast uncontrolled experiment on the atmosphere.
           […]
        Nina Lakhani: ‘Jennifer Lawrence’s character will resonate with many female climate scientists’
           […]
        How Kate Dibiasky, the postgraduate student played by Jennifer Lawrence who discovered the comet, is portrayed as an unhinged hysterical woman, will resonate with many female climate scientists and activists whose crucial knowledge has been sidelined. The scene where her parents declare that they’re in favour of the jobs the comet will provide will resonate with millions of people, including me, trying to deal with relatives who have bought into political lies.
            […]
         Damian Carrington: ‘It highlights the absurdity of staring disaster in the face, then looking away’
          I loved Don’t Look Up, both as an entertainment and as a climate crisis parable. But the movie has been panned by many critics, with the main charge being that it is heavy-handed, blunt and too obvious. But that is exactly the point.
          Scientists have been issuing blunt warnings about obvious dangers of global heating for years and have been ignored – carbon emissions are still rising. The film perfectly skewers the key ways in which they have been ignored: for short-term political expediency and short-term corporate profit.
        In particular, the movie beautifully portrays the incredulity of scientists that their carefully constructed evidence can be dismissed with bluster such as “we’ll sit tight and assess” by leaders more concerned about today’s political weather and a media more interested in the minutiae of celebrities’ lives.
            […] 
    The point of the film is savagely highlighting the absurdity of staring disaster in the face, then looking away rather than acting. In that respect, it is a triumph.

    Source: https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/jan/08/dont-look-upfour-climate-experts-on-the-polarising-disaster-film. Access: 08/01/2022.
    Consider the following excerpts taken from the text and mark the option which presents a verb form in the passive voice. 
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    Essential reading on, and beyond, Indigenous Peoples Day


    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UERJ 2022, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    In the text, the pronoun we is used to refer exclusively to the following group:
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    Essential reading on, and beyond, Indigenous Peoples Day


    Imagem da questão de Inglês, UERJ 2022, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    In relation to the process of colonization described in the second paragraph, the text implies the following idea:
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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, USP 2022, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    No meme, a inadequação da resposta à questão está baseada no efeito de sentido proveniente da presença de 
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        The expression “dark doldrums” chills the hearts of renewable-energy engineers, who use it to refer to the lulls when solar panels and wind turbines are thwarted by clouds, night, or still air. On a bright, cloudless day, a solar farm can generate prodigious amounts of electricity. But at night solar cells do little, and in calm air turbines sit useless.
         The dark doldrums make it difficult for us to rely totally on renewable energy. Power companies need to plan not just for individual storms or windless nights but for difficulties that can stretch for days. Last year, Europe experienced a weekslong “wind drought,” and in 2006 Hawaii endured six weeks of consecutive rainy days. On a smaller scale, communities that want to go all-renewable need to fill the gaps. The obvious solution is batteries, which power everything from mobile phones to electric vehicles; they are relatively inexpensive to make and getting cheaper. But typical models exhaust their stored energy after only three or four hours of maximum output, and—as every smartphone owner knows—their capacity dwindles with each recharge. Moreover, it is expensive to collect enough batteries to cover longer discharges.
        We already have one kind of renewable energy storage: more than ninety per cent of the world’s energy-storage capacity is in reservoirs, as part of a technology called pumped-storage hydropower, used to smooth out sharp increases in electricity demand. Motors pump water uphill from a river or a reservoir to a higher reservoir; when the water is released downhill, it spins a turbine, generating power. A pumped-hydro installation is like a giant, permanent battery, charged when water is pumped uphill and depleted as it flows down. Some countries are expanding their use of pumped hydro, but the right geography is hard to find, permits are difficult to obtain, and construction is slow and expensive. The hunt is on for new approaches to energy storage.

    The New Yorker. Abril, 2022. Adaptado. 
    Segundo o texto, quando a geração de energia por células solares ou turbinas eólicas é insuficiente para atender à demanda, uma fonte de energia alternativa envolveria a conversão de 
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        The expression “dark doldrums” chills the hearts of renewable-energy engineers, who use it to refer to the lulls when solar panels and wind turbines are thwarted by clouds, night, or still air. On a bright, cloudless day, a solar farm can generate prodigious amounts of electricity. But at night solar cells do little, and in calm air turbines sit useless.
         The dark doldrums make it difficult for us to rely totally on renewable energy. Power companies need to plan not just for individual storms or windless nights but for difficulties that can stretch for days. Last year, Europe experienced a weekslong “wind drought,” and in 2006 Hawaii endured six weeks of consecutive rainy days. On a smaller scale, communities that want to go all-renewable need to fill the gaps. The obvious solution is batteries, which power everything from mobile phones to electric vehicles; they are relatively inexpensive to make and getting cheaper. But typical models exhaust their stored energy after only three or four hours of maximum output, and—as every smartphone owner knows—their capacity dwindles with each recharge. Moreover, it is expensive to collect enough batteries to cover longer discharges.
        We already have one kind of renewable energy storage: more than ninety per cent of the world’s energy-storage capacity is in reservoirs, as part of a technology called pumped-storage hydropower, used to smooth out sharp increases in electricity demand. Motors pump water uphill from a river or a reservoir to a higher reservoir; when the water is released downhill, it spins a turbine, generating power. A pumped-hydro installation is like a giant, permanent battery, charged when water is pumped uphill and depleted as it flows down. Some countries are expanding their use of pumped hydro, but the right geography is hard to find, permits are difficult to obtain, and construction is slow and expensive. The hunt is on for new approaches to energy storage.

    The New Yorker. Abril, 2022. Adaptado. 
    Na frase “But typical models exhaust their stored energy after only three or four hours of maximum output, and—as every smartphone owner knows—their capacity dwindles with each recharge.” (2º parágrafo), “dwindles” poderia ser substituído, sem prejuízo de sentido, por 
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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, USP 2022, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    Disponível em https://br.pinterest.com/.


    Em relação à compreensão do idioma inglês, o texto ilustra

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        From French electronic and Japanese indie to K-pop and Spanish jazz, it’s common for people to listen to songs they don’t necessarily understand. Not knowing the language of the lyrics, it seems, doesn’t stop people from liking—and sometimes even singing along to—a song. Unless the listener is looking up the dictionary meaning of the lyrics, then the dictionary meaning of the lyrics doesn’t make or break their appreciation of a song. But why?
        “It’s a complicated answer,” said musicologist Lisa Decenteceo, adding that it all starts with what’s called “sound symbolism.” Sound symbolism refers to the study of the relationships between utterances and their meaning. This doesn’t have to do only with music. Marketers, for example, can tune into sound symbolism as part of their strategy in coming up with appealing brand names. In music as well as in branding, Decenteceo explained, there’s something about the appeal of words as sounds, beyond their meaning in a language. While things like culture and personal experiences affect people’s responses to different kinds of music, she explained there are certain musical techniques that are generally used to convey certain moods. One of which is scale. “Songs in a major scale usually have brighter, happier sounds, while minor scales usually have the slightly darker, melancholic feel,” explains Thea Tolentino, a music teacher.
        The human brain is wired to respond to sound, she added. In a process called entrainment, the brain “synchronizes our breathing, our movement, even neural activities with the sounds we hear.” This is why fast-paced music is so popular for running, for example, or why some yoga teachers play rhythmic and melodic tracks in their classes. And there are also the things that accompany the words. “Elements of sound and music like pitch, melody, harmony, timbre, and amplitude have an affective, emotional, psychological, cognitive, and even physical impact on listeners. Music adds so much meaning and dimension to texts through a complex of these avenues,” said Decenteceo. What all these things do, she added, is liberate the words. “Song frees the voice from any burden of saying anything meaningful”. It’s important, then, to understand music as a discourse between musical elements. But all in all, Decenteceo said there’s value in whatever immediate appeal people find in the music they listen to, whether or not they understand the words. Music, after all, is the universal language. 

    Disponível em https://www.vice.com/. March, 2022. Adaptado.
    Na frase “there are certain musical techniques that are generally used to convey certain moods” (2º parágrafo), a palavra “convey” poderia ser substituída, sem prejuízo de sentido, por 
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        From French electronic and Japanese indie to K-pop and Spanish jazz, it’s common for people to listen to songs they don’t necessarily understand. Not knowing the language of the lyrics, it seems, doesn’t stop people from liking—and sometimes even singing along to—a song. Unless the listener is looking up the dictionary meaning of the lyrics, then the dictionary meaning of the lyrics doesn’t make or break their appreciation of a song. But why?
        “It’s a complicated answer,” said musicologist Lisa Decenteceo, adding that it all starts with what’s called “sound symbolism.” Sound symbolism refers to the study of the relationships between utterances and their meaning. This doesn’t have to do only with music. Marketers, for example, can tune into sound symbolism as part of their strategy in coming up with appealing brand names. In music as well as in branding, Decenteceo explained, there’s something about the appeal of words as sounds, beyond their meaning in a language. While things like culture and personal experiences affect people’s responses to different kinds of music, she explained there are certain musical techniques that are generally used to convey certain moods. One of which is scale. “Songs in a major scale usually have brighter, happier sounds, while minor scales usually have the slightly darker, melancholic feel,” explains Thea Tolentino, a music teacher.
        The human brain is wired to respond to sound, she added. In a process called entrainment, the brain “synchronizes our breathing, our movement, even neural activities with the sounds we hear.” This is why fast-paced music is so popular for running, for example, or why some yoga teachers play rhythmic and melodic tracks in their classes. And there are also the things that accompany the words. “Elements of sound and music like pitch, melody, harmony, timbre, and amplitude have an affective, emotional, psychological, cognitive, and even physical impact on listeners. Music adds so much meaning and dimension to texts through a complex of these avenues,” said Decenteceo. What all these things do, she added, is liberate the words. “Song frees the voice from any burden of saying anything meaningful”. It’s important, then, to understand music as a discourse between musical elements. But all in all, Decenteceo said there’s value in whatever immediate appeal people find in the music they listen to, whether or not they understand the words. Music, after all, is the universal language. 

    Disponível em https://www.vice.com/. March, 2022. Adaptado.
    De acordo com o texto, os estudos sobre as propriedades do som
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    I tend the mobile now
    like an injured bird

    We text, text, text
    our significant words.

    I re-read your first,
    your second, your third,

    Look for your small xx,
    feeling absurd.

    The codes we send
    arrive with a broken chord.

    I try to picture your hands,
    their image is blurred.

    Nothing my thumbs press
    will ever be heard. 

    DUFFY, C. Disponível em: www.independent.co.uk. Acesso em: 27 out 2021


    Nesse poema, o eu lírico evidencia um sentimento de
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    A Tean's Viow of Social Media

            Instagram is made up of all photos and videos. There is the home page that showcases the posts from people you follow, an explore tab which offers posts from accounts all over the wold, and your own page, with a notification tab to show who likes and comments on your posts. 

            It has some downsides though. It is known to make many people feel insecure or down about themselves because the platform shoncases the highlights of everyone's lives, while rarely showing the negatives. This can make one feel like their life is not going as well as others, contributing to the growing rates of anxiety or depression in many teens today. There is an underlying desire for acceptance through the number of likes or followers one has.

    Disponível em: https://cyberbulling.org. Acesso em 29 out. 2021


    O termo “downsides” introduz a ideia de que o Instagram é responsável por
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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, ENEM 2022, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    GAULD, T. Disponível em; www.tomgauld.com. Acesso em: 25 out 2021.

    Nessa tirinha, o comportamento da mulher expressa
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        As my official bio reads, I was made in Cuba, assembled in Spain, and imported to the United States — meaning my mother, seven months pregnant, and the rest of my family arrived as exiles from Cuba to Madrid, where I was born. Less than two months later, we emigrated once more and settled in New York City, then eventually in Miami, where I was raised and educated. Although technically we lived in the United States, the Cuban community was culturally insular in Miami during the 1970s, bonded together by the trauma of exile. What’s more, it seemed that practically everyone was Cuban: my teachers, my classmates, the mechanic, the bus driver. I didn’t grow up feeling different or treated as a minority. The few kids who got picked on in my grade school were the ones with freckles and funny last names like Dawson and O’Neil.

    BLANCO, R. Disponível em: http://edition.cnn.com. Acesso em: 9 dez. 2017 (adaptado).


    Ao relatar suas vivências, o autor destaca o(a)
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    How On-line Gamers are Solving Science’s Biggest Problems


            On paper, gamers and scientists make a bizarre union. But in reality, their two worlds aren’t leagues apart: both involve solving problems within a given set of rules. Genetic analysis, for instance, is about finding sequences and patterns among seemingly random clusters of data. Frame the analysis as a pattern-spotting game that looks like Candy Crush, and, while aligning patterns and scoring points, players can also be hunting for mutations that cause cancer, Alzheimer’s disease or diabetes.


            “Our brains are geared up to recognise patterns”, says Erinma Ochu, a neuroscientist at the University of Manchester, explaining why scientists are turning to gamers for help, “and we do it better than computers. This is a new way of working for scientists, but as long as they learn how to trust game developers to do what they do best — make great games — then they can have thousands of people from all around the world working on their data”.


    Disponível em: www.theguardian.com. Acesso em: 8 fev. 2014 (adaptado).



    De acordo com a reportagem publicada no jornal The Guardian, os adeptos de jogos eletrônicos podem ajudar os cientistas por terem

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    Anyway



    You can spend your whole life building

    Something from nothin’

    One storm can come and blow it all away

    Build it anyway

    You can chase a dream that seems so out of reach

    And you know it might not ever come your way

    Dream it anyway



    […]



    This world’s gone crazy and it’s hard to believe

    That tomorrow will be better than today

    Believe it anyway

    You can love someone with all your heart

    For all the right reasons

    In a moment they can choose to walk away

    Love ’em anyway



    McBRIDE, M. Disponível em: www.elyrics.net. Acesso em: 8 fev. 2013 (fragmento).



    Com base na palavra “anyway”, que é título da canção, entende-se que o fragmento

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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, ENEM 2022, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension



    Tendo em vista a abrangência do inglês no contexto global, a falha na comunicação evidenciada nesse diálogo é gerada pelo fato de que os interlocutores 

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    MUSIC AND HEALTH


    Music is a fundamental attribute of the human species. Virtually all cultures, from the most primitive to the most advanced, make music. It's been true through history, and it's true throughout an individual's lifespan. In tune or not, we humans sing and hum; in time or not, we clap and sway; in step or not, we dance and bounce.


    The human brain and nervous system are hard-wired to distinguish music from noise and to respond to rhythm and repetition, tones and tunes. Is this a biologic accident, or does it serve a purpose? It's not possible to say. Still, a varied group of studies suggests that music may enhance human health and performance.


    Music and the mind


    The most highly publicized mental influence of music is the "Mozart effect." Struck by the observation that many musicians have unusual mathematical ability, researchers at the University of California, Irvine, investigated how listening to music affects cognitive function in general, and spatialtemporal reasoning in particular. In their first study, they administered standard IQ test questions to three groups of college students, comparing those who had spent 10 minutes listening to a Mozart piano sonata with a group that had been listening to a relaxation tape and one that had been waiting in silence. Mozart was the winner, consistently boosting test scores. Next, the investigators checked to see if the effect was specific to classical music or if any form of music would enhance mental performance. They compared Mozart's music with repetitive music by Philip Glass; again, Mozart seemed to help, improving spatial reasoning as measured by complex paper cutting and folding tasks and short-term memory as measured by a 16-item test.


    Harvard Health Publishing/Harvard Medical School. Music and health. Published: July 2011. Available in: https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying- healthy/music-and-health Access: july, 18, 2020 (Adapted).


    The article discusses the relation between music and health. For that, it shows an example on the effects of music to our minds. What is the best statement about the example given in the text?

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    TEXT II

    Veggies You Can Regrow From Discarded Roots

    Patrick Phillips 

       When it comes to cooking with healthy, fresh ingredients, we always end up facing the same issue: what to do with all of the roots we chop off of our veggies? Instead of tossing them in the trash, there’s actually something quite useful you can do with them, and it’ll save you a good chunk of change.
        Regrowing green onions has become quite popular, and it’s easy to understand why: it’s very simple and fun to check on its growth progress on a daily basis. It’s also a great way to help avoid food waste. However, there are plenty of vegetables you can regrow for yourself at home using scraps.
       Green Onion
       Let’s start with the basics: green onions. These are the fastest plants to regrow and also the easiest. To do so, put the root and 1 inch of the white part in a bowl or jar, then fill it with enough water to cover up to halfway up the white part of the onion. Change out the water every 2 to 3 days. You’ll notice it growing within a day and after a week, you’ll have greens that you can use!
        Romaine Lettuce
       You can regrow romaine lettuce and also other lettuces by placing the roots of it in a jar filled with at least 1 inch of water. Leave for a few days until it begins to grow, then transfer the roots into soil to continue growing the thriving plant.
       Cabbage
      You can regrow cabbage in the same way that you regrow lettuce. Simply save a stump of the cabbage with its roots and place it in 1 inch of water. Then transfer the sprouting leaves into soil.
       Leeks
      Since leeks are actually directly related to green onions, they can be regrown using the same method. Place the root and about 2 inches of the white part in a jar with water that reaches about halfway up the white part. These will take a bit longer to regrow, but don’t give up! Make sure to keep changing out the water every 2 or 3 days.
       Carrot Tops
       Cut a carrot at the top (the root) and place the piece, cut side-down, in a bowl of water. The leaves of the carrots will grow as opposed to the carrot itself, however, these leaves can be used in salads, be used as a garnish, or can even be put into a pesto. Simply change the water every few days.
       Celery
      Celery can be regrown in the same way as the cabbage and romaine. Place the root end of the stalk in 1 inch of water. When the leaves will begin to sprout, wait about a week in order for the celery to become stronger. Make sure you change the water every few days. Once this process is done, you can replant the celery in soil. Celery leaves can also be used in salads.

    https://www.sizzlfy.com/healthy/veggies-regrow. Slighted modified. Accessed on September the 30th
    The veggies which have the same way of regrowing are
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    Read the text II to answer the question.


    TEXT II

    Common Dog Training Mistakes You Might Be Making


    Priya Faith


    You've welcomed a new furry friend into the family, and you can't wait to start training them. Whether it's to do all kinds of tricks or you want to ensure you have a well-behaved canine, it's not always straight forward. When it comes to training your four-legged friend, a lot of mistakes can occur… 

    Fear not, we're on hand with some of the most common mistakes so you can avoid them.

    1. You're Focusing on The Negatives
    If you're focusing on the negatives during training, it's not nearly as effective than using positive reinforcement. Rather than reprimanding poor behavior, concentrate on recognizing the good. While it will take a bit of practice, but it will pay off.

    2. Training Sessions Last Too Long
    Once you've seen some positive results, you should call time on your session. Just like us, your dog will get bored if you drag out training sessions too long. Instead, train in manageable stages, so it's more fun and useful for everyone.

    3. You Stay in The Same Place to Train Your Dog
    While you'll probably do the majority of your training at home, you should avoid limiting practice to just one place. If you teach your dog to behave inside four walls, it's likely that as soon as they get out into the big wide world, they'll have a much harder time paying attention 

    4. You're Using Your Clicker Too Much
    Clicker training is pretty popular, and it can be a handy training tool when used correctly. However, you must understand how to use your clicker before you start clicking away. If you're not using it correctly, things can get pretty confusing pretty quickly.

    5. You Rely on Treats Too Much
    Granted, treats are a great way to keep your pup motivated and engaged. However, you should vary your rewards. Rather than just limiting rewards to treats, use toys, praise and play to mix things up. 

    6. You Repeat Commands Too Often
    So, you're teaching your dog to sit, but it's not working. Instead of repeating the command over and over until your canine sits out of boredom, you should try something else. Your dog needs to be clear that the behavior should come directly after the command and stalling can undo this hard work.

    7. You're Not Considering Your Dogs Personality
    Even if you've trained a dog or dogs before successfully, it doesn't mean the same approach will work for your new pup. Every dog has a distinct character and behavioral profile, so to find out what will work, you need to be mindful of this. One size fits all is certainly not the case when it comes to dog training.

    8. You Lack Confidence
    Lack of confidence is a straight-up weakness. As natural predators, dogs can sense any weakness instinctively. So, with every command, you need to be confident.

    https://en.wackojaco.com/8-common-dog-training-mistakes-you-might-be.Text slightly modified.
    In every subpart (numbered 1 to 8) of the main text, one finds linking-words. Among them, HOWEVER and SO. The option which synthesizes correctly the function of these expressions, respectively, is
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    Read the text II to answer the question.


    TEXT II

    Common Dog Training Mistakes You Might Be Making


    Priya Faith


    You've welcomed a new furry friend into the family, and you can't wait to start training them. Whether it's to do all kinds of tricks or you want to ensure you have a well-behaved canine, it's not always straight forward. When it comes to training your four-legged friend, a lot of mistakes can occur… 

    Fear not, we're on hand with some of the most common mistakes so you can avoid them.

    1. You're Focusing on The Negatives
    If you're focusing on the negatives during training, it's not nearly as effective than using positive reinforcement. Rather than reprimanding poor behavior, concentrate on recognizing the good. While it will take a bit of practice, but it will pay off.

    2. Training Sessions Last Too Long
    Once you've seen some positive results, you should call time on your session. Just like us, your dog will get bored if you drag out training sessions too long. Instead, train in manageable stages, so it's more fun and useful for everyone.

    3. You Stay in The Same Place to Train Your Dog
    While you'll probably do the majority of your training at home, you should avoid limiting practice to just one place. If you teach your dog to behave inside four walls, it's likely that as soon as they get out into the big wide world, they'll have a much harder time paying attention 

    4. You're Using Your Clicker Too Much
    Clicker training is pretty popular, and it can be a handy training tool when used correctly. However, you must understand how to use your clicker before you start clicking away. If you're not using it correctly, things can get pretty confusing pretty quickly.

    5. You Rely on Treats Too Much
    Granted, treats are a great way to keep your pup motivated and engaged. However, you should vary your rewards. Rather than just limiting rewards to treats, use toys, praise and play to mix things up. 

    6. You Repeat Commands Too Often
    So, you're teaching your dog to sit, but it's not working. Instead of repeating the command over and over until your canine sits out of boredom, you should try something else. Your dog needs to be clear that the behavior should come directly after the command and stalling can undo this hard work.

    7. You're Not Considering Your Dogs Personality
    Even if you've trained a dog or dogs before successfully, it doesn't mean the same approach will work for your new pup. Every dog has a distinct character and behavioral profile, so to find out what will work, you need to be mindful of this. One size fits all is certainly not the case when it comes to dog training.

    8. You Lack Confidence
    Lack of confidence is a straight-up weakness. As natural predators, dogs can sense any weakness instinctively. So, with every command, you need to be confident.

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