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    Leia a tirinha do cartunista Brian Crane.



    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Universidade Virtual de São Paulo 2026, Interpretação de Textos



    O efeito de humor da tirinha decorre, sobretudo, do fato de as mulheres

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        Autonomous vehicles — also known as self-driving cars or self-driving vehicles — are vehicles that can navigate and operate safely with little or no human input or intervention. Autonomous vehicles are equipped with autonomous driving systems that use a combination of sensors, computing, and software to safely perceive their environment and execute driving tasks.
       Autonomous driving offers a range of benefits. One of the most significant advantages is the potential to improve road safety by reducing vehicle collisions, many of which are caused by human error. Autonomous vehicles are designed to follow traffic laws, monitor blind spots, and detect dangers faster than human drivers.
        Autonomous vehicles also have the potential to deliver freedom of mobility for people who are unable to drive by expanding access to transportation options. They can navigate traffic jams and complex urban environments efficiently, which can help reduce traffic congestion and lower emissions — particularly as the transportation industry moves away from internal combustion engines and toward electric vehicles.

    (www.nvidia.com. Adaptado.)
    No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “vehicles that can navigate and operate safely”, o termo sublinhado expressa 
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        Autonomous vehicles — also known as self-driving cars or self-driving vehicles — are vehicles that can navigate and operate safely with little or no human input or intervention. Autonomous vehicles are equipped with autonomous driving systems that use a combination of sensors, computing, and software to safely perceive their environment and execute driving tasks.
       Autonomous driving offers a range of benefits. One of the most significant advantages is the potential to improve road safety by reducing vehicle collisions, many of which are caused by human error. Autonomous vehicles are designed to follow traffic laws, monitor blind spots, and detect dangers faster than human drivers.
        Autonomous vehicles also have the potential to deliver freedom of mobility for people who are unable to drive by expanding access to transportation options. They can navigate traffic jams and complex urban environments efficiently, which can help reduce traffic congestion and lower emissions — particularly as the transportation industry moves away from internal combustion engines and toward electric vehicles.

    (www.nvidia.com. Adaptado.)
    No excerto do primeiro parágrafo “Autonomous vehicles — also known as self-driving cars or self-driving vehicles”, o trecho sublinhado apresenta
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        Autonomous vehicles — also known as self-driving cars or self-driving vehicles — are vehicles that can navigate and operate safely with little or no human input or intervention. Autonomous vehicles are equipped with autonomous driving systems that use a combination of sensors, computing, and software to safely perceive their environment and execute driving tasks.
       Autonomous driving offers a range of benefits. One of the most significant advantages is the potential to improve road safety by reducing vehicle collisions, many of which are caused by human error. Autonomous vehicles are designed to follow traffic laws, monitor blind spots, and detect dangers faster than human drivers.
        Autonomous vehicles also have the potential to deliver freedom of mobility for people who are unable to drive by expanding access to transportation options. They can navigate traffic jams and complex urban environments efficiently, which can help reduce traffic congestion and lower emissions — particularly as the transportation industry moves away from internal combustion engines and toward electric vehicles.

    (www.nvidia.com. Adaptado.)
    According to the text, autonomous vehicles
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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, FUVEST 2025, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension






        Think for a minute about the little bumps on your tongue. You probably saw a diagram of those taste bud arrangements once in a biology textbook — sweet sensors at the tip, salty on either side, sour behind them, bitter in the back.
        But the idea that specific tastes are confined to certain areas of the tongue is a myth that “persists in the collective consciousness, despite decades of research debunking it”, according to a review published this month in The New England Journal of Medicine. Also wrong: the notion that taste is limited to the mouth.
        The old diagram, which has been used in many textbooks over the years, originated in a study published by David Hanig, a German scientist, in 1901. But the scientist was not suggesting that various tastes are segregated on the tongue. He was actually measuring the sensitivity of different areas, said Paul Breslin, a researcher at Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia. “What he found was that you could detect things at a lower concentration in one part relative to another,” Dr. Breslin said. The tip of the tongue, for example, is dense with sweet sensors but contains the others as well.
        The map’s mistakes are easy to confirm. If you place a lemon wedge at the tip of your tongue, it will taste sour, and if you put a bit of honey toward the side, it will be sweet.
        The perception of taste is a remarkably complex process, starting from that first encounter with the tongue. Taste cells have a variety of sensors that signal the brain when they encounter nutrients or toxins. For some tastes, tiny pores in cell membranes let taste chemicals in.
        Such taste receptors aren’t limited to the tongue; they are also found in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, fat cells, brain, muscle cells, thyroid and lungs. We don’t generally think of these organs as tasting anything, but they use the receptors to pick up the presence of various molecules and metabolize them, said Diego Bohórquez, a self-described gut-brain neuroscientist at Duke University. For example, when the gut notices sugar in food, it tells the brain to alert other organs to get ready for digestion.


    New York Times. May 29, 2024. Adaptado.
    O texto informa que, de acordo com Paul Breslin, a interpretação do estudo de Hanig foi equivocada, porque
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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, FUVEST 2025, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension






        Think for a minute about the little bumps on your tongue. You probably saw a diagram of those taste bud arrangements once in a biology textbook — sweet sensors at the tip, salty on either side, sour behind them, bitter in the back.
        But the idea that specific tastes are confined to certain areas of the tongue is a myth that “persists in the collective consciousness, despite decades of research debunking it”, according to a review published this month in The New England Journal of Medicine. Also wrong: the notion that taste is limited to the mouth.
        The old diagram, which has been used in many textbooks over the years, originated in a study published by David Hanig, a German scientist, in 1901. But the scientist was not suggesting that various tastes are segregated on the tongue. He was actually measuring the sensitivity of different areas, said Paul Breslin, a researcher at Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia. “What he found was that you could detect things at a lower concentration in one part relative to another,” Dr. Breslin said. The tip of the tongue, for example, is dense with sweet sensors but contains the others as well.
        The map’s mistakes are easy to confirm. If you place a lemon wedge at the tip of your tongue, it will taste sour, and if you put a bit of honey toward the side, it will be sweet.
        The perception of taste is a remarkably complex process, starting from that first encounter with the tongue. Taste cells have a variety of sensors that signal the brain when they encounter nutrients or toxins. For some tastes, tiny pores in cell membranes let taste chemicals in.
        Such taste receptors aren’t limited to the tongue; they are also found in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, fat cells, brain, muscle cells, thyroid and lungs. We don’t generally think of these organs as tasting anything, but they use the receptors to pick up the presence of various molecules and metabolize them, said Diego Bohórquez, a self-described gut-brain neuroscientist at Duke University. For example, when the gut notices sugar in food, it tells the brain to alert other organs to get ready for digestion.


    New York Times. May 29, 2024. Adaptado.
    Sobre os receptores gustativos e sua distribuição corporal, o texto sugere que
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    Nearly a century ago, Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe is getting larger. Modern measurements of how fast it is expanding disagree, however, suggesting that our understanding of the laws of physics might be off. Everyone expected the sharp vision of the James Webb Space Telescope to bring the answer into focus. But a long-awaited analysis of the telescope’s observations released late Monday evening once again gleans conflicting expansion rates from different types of data, while homing in on possible sources of error at the heart of the conflict.

    Two rival teams have led the effort to measure the cosmic expansion rate, which is known as the Hubble constant, or H0. One of these teams, led by Adam Riess of Johns Hopkins University, has consistently measured H0 to be about 8 percent higher than the theoretical prediction for how fast space should be expanding, based on the cosmos’s known ingredients and governing equations. This discrepancy, known as the Hubble tension, suggests that the theoretical model of the cosmos might be missing something—some extra ingredient or effect that speeds up cosmic expansion.

    Riess and his team released their latest measurement of H0 based on Webb data this spring, getting a value that agrees with their earlier estimates.

    But for years a rival team led by Wendy Freedman of the University of Chicago has urged caution, arguing that cleaner measurements were needed. Her team’s own measurements of H0 have invariably landed closer than Riess’ to the theoretical prediction, implying that the Hubble tension may not be real.

    Since the Webb telescope started taking data in 2022, the astrophysics community has awaited Freedman’s multipronged analysis using the telescope’s observations of three types of stars. Now, the results are in: Two types of stars yield H0 estimates that align with the theoretical prediction, while the third—the same type of star Riess uses—matches his team’s higher H0 value.


    Disponível em https://wired.com/. 08 Sep 2024. Adaptado.
    Com base no texto, a principal expectativa em relação ao telescópio James Webb estava associada a
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    Imagem da questão de Inglês, FUVEST 2025, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension






    Our planet is home to subterranean lava deposits and smatterings of obsidian—black volcanic glass. Scalding groundwater bubbles to the surface in places. In such a landscape, you remember that the planet’s hard exterior is so thin that we call it a crust. Its superheated interior burns with an estimated forty-four trillion watts of power. Heat mined from underground is called geothermal and can be used to produce steam, spin a turbine, and generate electricity. Until recently, humans have tended to harvest small quantities in the rare places where it surfaces, such as hot springs. The biggest drawback is drilling miles through hot rock, safely. If scientists can do that, next-generation geothermal power could supply clean energy for eons. Right now, geothermal energy meets a puny portion of humanity’s electricity and heating needs. Fossil fuels power about eighty per cent of human activity, pumping out carbon dioxide and short-circuiting our climate to catastrophic effect. Converts argue that geothermal checks three key boxes: it is carbon-free, available everywhere, and effectively unlimited. It is also baseload, which means that, unlike solar panels or wind, it provides a steady flow of energy. “Over the last two years, I have watched this exponential spinup of activity in geothermal,” a drilling expert said. But there is a risk of moon shots: often, they miss. “There’s basically zero chance that you’re going to develop a moon-shot technology and have it be commercial in five years, on a large-scale”, said Mark Jacobson, an engineering professor. That’s how long humanity has to lower emissions before climatic devastation. “There’s a very decent chance you can do that with wind and solar,” he said. Perhaps, when resources and time are finite, trying and failing could be worse than not trying at all.

    New Yorker. March 2025. Adaptado.


    De acordo com o texto, atualmente a exploração do calor gerado nas regiões subterrâneas do planeta
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    Leia o texto.


    Harry had the best morning he’d had in a long time. Harry was careful to walk a little way apart from the Dursleys so that Dudley and Piers, [as] they were starting to get bored with the animals by lunchtime, wouldn‘t fall back on Dudley and Piers‘ favorite hobby of hitting Harry. Harry and the Dursleys ate in the zoo restaurant, and when Dudley had a tantrum because his knickerbocker glory didn‘t have enough ice cream on top, Uncle Vernon bought Dudley another knickerbocker glory and Harry was allowed to finish the first. Harry felt, afterward, that he should have known the joy was all too good to last. After lunch Harry and the Durlseys went to the reptile house. The reptile house was cool and dark, with lit windows all along the walls. Behind the glass, all sorts of lizards and snakes were crawling and slithering over bits of wood and stone. Dudley and Piers wanted to see huge, poisonous cobras and thick, man-crushing pythons. Dudley quickly found the largest snake in the place. It could have wrapped its body twice around Uncle Vernon‘s car and crushed the car into a trash can – but at the moment the largest snake in the place didn‘t look in the mood. In fact, the largest snake in the place was fast asleep.


    Disponível em: https://www.sjsu.edu/writingcenter/docs/handouts/Pronouns.pdf/. Acesso em 9 set. 2025. Adaptado.

    É correto afirmar que os pronomes e adjetivos destacados se referem, respectivamente, a
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    Leaving home


    Going away to university is always a tricky time, both for the students who are leaving home and their parents who are staying behind. We got advice on how to cope from a student daughter and her dad.


    A daughter's advice to parents, by Kerry Price


    My parents drove me to uni at the beginning of the first term. That was great, but then they hung around, so it was hard to chat to the people in the rooms near mine. It's best if you leave us to unpack ourselves.


    Don't ask us to come home during term time. There's a lot going on at weekends, there just isn't time.


    Get another interest or a pet if you feel lonely without us. Don't make us feel guilty about leaving home!


    It is quite interesting to hear about your experiences at uni, but remember that it was a LONG time ago so don’t go on about it so much. Things have changed a lot. Now we have a lot more debt and it'll be harder to find a job in the future.


    Please don't check up on us or our friends on social media. We have the right to some privacy.


    Don't change anything in our bedrooms. We have only half left home - we'll be back in the holidays, so please don't touch anything.


    We'd still like to come on family holidays with you. Don't forget to include us just because we're not there all the time.


    A father's advice to students, by Stuart Price


    Don't complain so much about how much work you have to do. We work a lot too. You're an adult now, get used to it.


    Put up with the fact that we refused to get a dog while you were at home, then suddenly bought one as soon as you moved out. We miss you!


    Just because you're at university studying very complex subjects, it doesn't mean that you're more intelligent than everybody else. Don't treat your family as if they were stupid; we're really not.


    Let us come and visit you now and again. We promise to try not to embarrass you in front of your friends. We just want to see you for a short time and take you out for a meal.


    Don't waste so much time on social media. You need time for all that work you have to do, remember?


    We might make a few changes to your room, so deal with it. It's great to have a guest room at last, but we won't change things too much, promise.


    Don't forget to call home from time to time and don't get annoyed if we phone you. It's not pestering. If we didn't call, you wouldn’t know that we care.


    Disponível em: https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/b2-reading/leaving-home/. Acesso em 10 set. 2025. Adaptado.

    De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que

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    Dr. Mariangela Hungria will receive the $500,000 award for her work to utilize biological processes to sustainably improve crop1 nutrition, yields2 and productivity. The scientist whose discoveries helped Brazil become a global agricultural powerhouse has been named the 2025 World Food Prize Laureate.



    Dr. Mariangela Hungria, a microbiologist from São Paulo, has developed dozens of biological seed and soil treatments that help crops source nutrients through soil bacteria, significantly increasing yields of major crops while also reducing the need for synthetic fertilizer. Her products are estimated to have been used across more than 40 million hectares in Brazil, saving farmers up to US$40 billion a year in costs while avoiding more than 180 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent emissions per year.



    Dr. Hungria’s work has helped improve yields of wheat, corn, rice, common beans, and other major crops, including soybean, which is now Brazil’s top agricultural export. Over her 40-year career with the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), national soybean production increased from 15 million tons in 1979 to an anticipated 173 million tons in the next harvest3 in 2025.



    Dr. Hungria, who overcame prejudices against women and young mothers in academia to be named one of the 100 most powerful women in agriculture in Brazil by Forbes magazine in 2021, said she was inspired by Dr. Norman Borlaug, the father of the Green Revolution and founder of the World Food Prize. “I like to say that he made the Green Revolution possible, and we had this great opportunity to start a ‘micro green revolution’ — a green revolution, but with microorganisms,” she added. “I can’t quite believe I am now receiving the World Food Prize. Many people questioned me and my abilities throughout my career but I believed in what I was doing and persevered. The role of women in agriculture, from farming to science, deserves more recognition. I hope my achievement inspires others to pursue their passions in science.”



    (www.worldfoodprize.org, 13.05.2025. Adaptado.)


    1crop: cultivated plant that is grown as food, especially grain, fruit or vegetable.


    2yields: the full amounts of an agricultural product.


    3harvest: the crops that are cut and collected.

    According to the fourth paragraph, during her career, Dr. Hungria had to face

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    Dr. Mariangela Hungria will receive the $500,000 award for her work to utilize biological processes to sustainably improve crop1 nutrition, yields2 and productivity. The scientist whose discoveries helped Brazil become a global agricultural powerhouse has been named the 2025 World Food Prize Laureate.



    Dr. Mariangela Hungria, a microbiologist from São Paulo, has developed dozens of biological seed and soil treatments that help crops source nutrients through soil bacteria, significantly increasing yields of major crops while also reducing the need for synthetic fertilizer. Her products are estimated to have been used across more than 40 million hectares in Brazil, saving farmers up to US$40 billion a year in costs while avoiding more than 180 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent emissions per year.



    Dr. Hungria’s work has helped improve yields of wheat, corn, rice, common beans, and other major crops, including soybean, which is now Brazil’s top agricultural export. Over her 40-year career with the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), national soybean production increased from 15 million tons in 1979 to an anticipated 173 million tons in the next harvest3 in 2025.



    Dr. Hungria, who overcame prejudices against women and young mothers in academia to be named one of the 100 most powerful women in agriculture in Brazil by Forbes magazine in 2021, said she was inspired by Dr. Norman Borlaug, the father of the Green Revolution and founder of the World Food Prize. “I like to say that he made the Green Revolution possible, and we had this great opportunity to start a ‘micro green revolution’ — a green revolution, but with microorganisms,” she added. “I can’t quite believe I am now receiving the World Food Prize. Many people questioned me and my abilities throughout my career but I believed in what I was doing and persevered. The role of women in agriculture, from farming to science, deserves more recognition. I hope my achievement inspires others to pursue their passions in science.”



    (www.worldfoodprize.org, 13.05.2025. Adaptado.)


    1crop: cultivated plant that is grown as food, especially grain, fruit or vegetable.


    2yields: the full amounts of an agricultural product.


    3harvest: the crops that are cut and collected.

    De acordo com o texto, a cultura agrícola que foi mais impactada pela pesquisa da Dra. Mariangela Hungria é a

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    Dr. Mariangela Hungria will receive the $500,000 award for her work to utilize biological processes to sustainably improve crop1 nutrition, yields2 and productivity. The scientist whose discoveries helped Brazil become a global agricultural powerhouse has been named the 2025 World Food Prize Laureate.



    Dr. Mariangela Hungria, a microbiologist from São Paulo, has developed dozens of biological seed and soil treatments that help crops source nutrients through soil bacteria, significantly increasing yields of major crops while also reducing the need for synthetic fertilizer. Her products are estimated to have been used across more than 40 million hectares in Brazil, saving farmers up to US$40 billion a year in costs while avoiding more than 180 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent emissions per year.



    Dr. Hungria’s work has helped improve yields of wheat, corn, rice, common beans, and other major crops, including soybean, which is now Brazil’s top agricultural export. Over her 40-year career with the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), national soybean production increased from 15 million tons in 1979 to an anticipated 173 million tons in the next harvest3 in 2025.



    Dr. Hungria, who overcame prejudices against women and young mothers in academia to be named one of the 100 most powerful women in agriculture in Brazil by Forbes magazine in 2021, said she was inspired by Dr. Norman Borlaug, the father of the Green Revolution and founder of the World Food Prize. “I like to say that he made the Green Revolution possible, and we had this great opportunity to start a ‘micro green revolution’ — a green revolution, but with microorganisms,” she added. “I can’t quite believe I am now receiving the World Food Prize. Many people questioned me and my abilities throughout my career but I believed in what I was doing and persevered. The role of women in agriculture, from farming to science, deserves more recognition. I hope my achievement inspires others to pursue their passions in science.”



    (www.worldfoodprize.org, 13.05.2025. Adaptado.)


    1crop: cultivated plant that is grown as food, especially grain, fruit or vegetable.


    2yields: the full amounts of an agricultural product.


    3harvest: the crops that are cut and collected.

    According to the text, Dr. Hungria’s research showed positive results in

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    Read Text III below and answer the  question that follow it.


    Text III


    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná 2025, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension


    From:https://images.baklol.com/08753e49e68e27620affe1eb2c60c1441450870314. JPG

    The sentence in the third panel implies that:
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    Read Text II below and answer the question that follow it.

    Text II


    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná 2025, Adjetivos | Adjectives

    From: https://cdn.quotesgram.com/img/31/9/1932969763-Thoreau-empathyquote.jpg
    The opposite of “greater” in this context is
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    Read Text II below and answer the question that follow it.

    Text II


    Imagem da questão de Inglês, Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná 2025, Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

    From: https://cdn.quotesgram.com/img/31/9/1932969763-Thoreau-empathyquote.jpg
    This quotation implies that one should be
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    Text I


    Jonathan Haidt: How to make the 'anxious generation' happy again


    Academics researching wellbeing have for a long time almost unanimously agreed on one thing: over the typical lifetime, happiness tends to follow a U-shaped curve, peaking at 30, plummeting at age 50, before spiking again after 70. It’s a pattern replicated using data going back as far as the 1970s in almost 150 countries.

    But around 2011, researchers noticed an astonishing reversal in this trend. “This empirical regularity has been replaced by a monotonic decrease in ill-being by age,” they reported in an NBER working paper. In plain English, younger people today are unhappier, both compared to previous generations and to their older peers. Or, to quote the title of the most recent book from Jonathan Haidt, Professor of Ethical Leadership at New York University, they are the anxious generation […].

    Today, rather than playing with their friends, kids stay at home on their devices. Instead of hearing chatter and laughter in the corridor of schools, we hear the gentle tapping of screens. The social isolation many of us experienced during pandemic-induced lockdowns was nothing new for children, Haidt said. “They began social distancing as soon as they got smartphones.”

    The good news for parents is that, while this trend is worrying, it is not inevitable. There are things we can do. “We can turn this around with four new norms,” Haidt proposed.

    The first norm is a commitment to not give our children a smartphone until they are at least 14. “Give them a flip-phone if you want to, so they can call and text you,” he said. “But don’t give the entire world access to your child.” The second is to not allow our children to use social media until they are at least 16. “Social media is wildly inappropriate for children — you have strangers trying to talk to them, cyberbullying, explosive drama.”

    The third norm is that schools should be a phone-free environment. “All schools need to be phone free from bell to bell — from the morning when kids arrive to the end when they leave,” Haidt explained.

    And finally, the fourth norm involves going back to a time where parents felt more comfortable letting their kids walk to the shops or play outside with friends. “The fourth norm is to give them much more independence in the real world,” he said. “Ultimately, our mission is to restore childhood: the kind of wonderful, fun, exciting childhood we all had, which was full of conflicts, failures, exploration, adventure, risk-taking, thrills and all those emotions that you experienced not with your parents, but when you were out, away from your secure home base.”


    Adapted from https://www.weforum.org/stories/2025/01/jonathan-haidt-digitaltechnology-social-media-childhood/

    The word “chatter” (3rd paragraph) is a reference to the sound produced by the kids’: 

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    Text I


    Jonathan Haidt: How to make the 'anxious generation' happy again


    Academics researching wellbeing have for a long time almost unanimously agreed on one thing: over the typical lifetime, happiness tends to follow a U-shaped curve, peaking at 30, plummeting at age 50, before spiking again after 70. It’s a pattern replicated using data going back as far as the 1970s in almost 150 countries.

    But around 2011, researchers noticed an astonishing reversal in this trend. “This empirical regularity has been replaced by a monotonic decrease in ill-being by age,” they reported in an NBER working paper. In plain English, younger people today are unhappier, both compared to previous generations and to their older peers. Or, to quote the title of the most recent book from Jonathan Haidt, Professor of Ethical Leadership at New York University, they are the anxious generation […].

    Today, rather than playing with their friends, kids stay at home on their devices. Instead of hearing chatter and laughter in the corridor of schools, we hear the gentle tapping of screens. The social isolation many of us experienced during pandemic-induced lockdowns was nothing new for children, Haidt said. “They began social distancing as soon as they got smartphones.”

    The good news for parents is that, while this trend is worrying, it is not inevitable. There are things we can do. “We can turn this around with four new norms,” Haidt proposed.

    The first norm is a commitment to not give our children a smartphone until they are at least 14. “Give them a flip-phone if you want to, so they can call and text you,” he said. “But don’t give the entire world access to your child.” The second is to not allow our children to use social media until they are at least 16. “Social media is wildly inappropriate for children — you have strangers trying to talk to them, cyberbullying, explosive drama.”

    The third norm is that schools should be a phone-free environment. “All schools need to be phone free from bell to bell — from the morning when kids arrive to the end when they leave,” Haidt explained.

    And finally, the fourth norm involves going back to a time where parents felt more comfortable letting their kids walk to the shops or play outside with friends. “The fourth norm is to give them much more independence in the real world,” he said. “Ultimately, our mission is to restore childhood: the kind of wonderful, fun, exciting childhood we all had, which was full of conflicts, failures, exploration, adventure, risk-taking, thrills and all those emotions that you experienced not with your parents, but when you were out, away from your secure home base.”


    Adapted from https://www.weforum.org/stories/2025/01/jonathan-haidt-digitaltechnology-social-media-childhood/
    Based on Text I, mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F).


    ( ) Happiness among young people has increased compared to previous years.

    ( ) Today, children prefer playing with their friends at school to using a smartphone.

    ( ) According to Haidt, social media is harmful to children.


    The statements are, respectively: 
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    The rise of reusable rockets: transforming the economics of space travel

    By Adam Stockley


    Various theoretical designs of reusable launch vehicles (rockets) have been tested during the history of space flight, but they generally proved too expensive or impractical to implement.  

    In the 21st century, the rise in industry privatisation led to several companies taking the lead in reusable launcher development. Their focus is on fully-reusable systems.

    The potential of reusable rockets to transform the economics of space travel should be evident. Even so, let’s break down the benefits and drawbacks of this technology to understand more.


    The Benefits of Reusable Rockets


    The most obvious benefit of a reusable rocket is cost savings. Unsurprisingly, it’s much cheaper to refurbish and relaunch a rocket than it is to build a new one. Reusable rockets also use less fuel than their expendable counterparts, making them comparatively better for the environment.


    The Drawbacks of Reusable Rockets


    The main disadvantage of reusable rockets is their reduced load capacity. By extension, they must be built to survive the difficulties of launch and re-entry, meaning there is much more extra stabilisation equipment. Therefore, the rockets are heavier.


    The Long-Term Viability of Reusable Launchers


    The bottom line is that now we have a firmer understanding of the concept of reusable launchers, their potential impact is limitless. However, there are some issues to resolve in terms of extra weight and reduced load capacity, but the space industry is very near to perhaps its biggest revolution in terms of cost reduction and accessibility.


    Available at: https://www.kdcresource.com/insights-events/therise-of-reusable-rockets-transforming-the-economics-of-spacetravel/. Access 16 out. 2024. Adapted. 
    The main theme of the text is the:
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    Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.



    Back To School But Not To Screens: States Ramp Up Cellphone Bans




            Work has been easier for public high school teacher Brian Kerekes since last August, when he first experienced the impacts of a newly enacted Florida law to restrict students’ cellphone use during class. The longtime statistics instructor, who started a new school year on Monday, now spends less time circling the classroom policing students and more time educating them on how to gather and interpret data.



            Before Florida passed the ban in May 2023 — becoming the first of at least eight U.S. states to prohibit or restrict cellphone use in schools — phones proved a constant disruption in Kerekes’ classroom at Tohopekaliga High School in the central Florida city of Kissimmee.



            “Students were either using them to talk to someone in a different class or talk to someone on the other side of the room or just to zone out, get on TikTok or whatever,” Kerekes, who's been a teacher for 17 years, said in an interview.



            Fellow teachers nationwide face the same challenge, which explains why more states and districts are moving to limit or outright ban cellphones in the classroom, and even during the school day altogether.

            


            The rules will look different from state to state and district to district, but all stem from the same concerns.



            Seventy-two percent of high school teachers cite cellphones as a major distraction in the classroom, according to a fall 2023 Pew Research Center study. Educators also worry that constant access to social media can adversely impact kids’ mental health.



            U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy went so far as to issue a health advisory last year, warning that enough evidence exists to show social media can be unsafe for children and teens. “We are in the middle of a national youth mental health crisis,” he said, “and I am concerned that social media is an important driver of that crisis, one that we must urgently address.”



            While social media can connect kids, make them feel less alone and offer an entertaining and creative outlet, it also exposes them to harmful content, Murthy pointed out in the advisory released by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. And, as educators such as Kerekes note, some students use their phones to bully fellow students online during the school day, and in the most extreme cases, to set up fights and film them.

    The hope is that cellphone bans will reduce such incidents. Kerekes said he’s hearing they have.



    Fonte: KATZ, Leslie. Back To School But Not To Screens: States Ramp Up Cellphone Bans. Forbes, 13 ago. 2024. Disponível em: https://www.forbes.com/sites/lesliekatz/2024/08/13/back-to-school-but-not-to-screens-more-students-face-cellphone-bans/

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