Questões: Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) — com gabarito

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In developing countries there are high levels of what is known as “food loss”, which is unintentional wastage, often due to poor equipment, transportation and infrastructure. In wealthy countries, there are low levels of unintentional losses but high levels of “food waste”, which involves food being thrown away by consumers because they have purchased too much, or by retailers who reject food because of exacting aesthetic standards.

                                                                                        (www.theguardian.com)

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The corncob on the left

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Reducing food waste would mitigate climate change, study shows

April 7, 2016

    Reducing food waste around the world would help curb emissions of planet-warming gases, lessening some of the impacts of climate change such as more extreme weather and rising seas, scientists said on Thursday.
    Up to 14% of emissions from agriculture in 2050 could be avoided by managing food use and distribution better, according to a new study from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK). “Agriculture is a major driver of climate change, accounting for more than 20% of overall global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010,” said co-author Prajal Pradhan. “Avoiding food loss and waste would therefore avoid unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions and help mitigate climate change.”
    Between 30 and 40% of food produced around the world is never eaten, because it is spoiled after harvest and during transportation, or thrown away by shops and consumers. The share of food wasted is expected to increase drastically if emerging economies like China and India adopt western food habits, including a shift to eating more meat, the researchers warned. Richer countries tend to consume more food than is healthy or simply waste it, they noted.
    As poorer countries develop and the world’s population grows, emissions associated with food waste could soar from 0.5 gigatonnes (GT) of carbon dioxide equivalent per year to between 1.9 and 2.5 GT annually by mid-century, showed the study published in the Environmental Science & Technology journal. It is widely argued that cutting food waste and distributing the world’s surplus food where it is needed could help tackle hunger in places that do not have enough - especially given that land to expand farming is limited.
    But Jürgen Kropp, another of the study’s co-authors and PIK’s head of climate change and development, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation the potential for food waste curbs to reduce emissions should be given more attention. “It is not a strategy of governments at the moment,” he said.

             (www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.)

The text

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Reducing food waste would mitigate climate change, study shows

April 7, 2016

    Reducing food waste around the world would help curb emissions of planet-warming gases, lessening some of the impacts of climate change such as more extreme weather and rising seas, scientists said on Thursday.
    Up to 14% of emissions from agriculture in 2050 could be avoided by managing food use and distribution better, according to a new study from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK). “Agriculture is a major driver of climate change, accounting for more than 20% of overall global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010,” said co-author Prajal Pradhan. “Avoiding food loss and waste would therefore avoid unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions and help mitigate climate change.”
    Between 30 and 40% of food produced around the world is never eaten, because it is spoiled after harvest and during transportation, or thrown away by shops and consumers. The share of food wasted is expected to increase drastically if emerging economies like China and India adopt western food habits, including a shift to eating more meat, the researchers warned. Richer countries tend to consume more food than is healthy or simply waste it, they noted.
    As poorer countries develop and the world’s population grows, emissions associated with food waste could soar from 0.5 gigatonnes (GT) of carbon dioxide equivalent per year to between 1.9 and 2.5 GT annually by mid-century, showed the study published in the Environmental Science & Technology journal. It is widely argued that cutting food waste and distributing the world’s surplus food where it is needed could help tackle hunger in places that do not have enough - especially given that land to expand farming is limited.
    But Jürgen Kropp, another of the study’s co-authors and PIK’s head of climate change and development, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation the potential for food waste curbs to reduce emissions should be given more attention. “It is not a strategy of governments at the moment,” he said.

             (www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.)

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Reducing food waste would mitigate climate change, study shows

April 7, 2016

    Reducing food waste around the world would help curb emissions of planet-warming gases, lessening some of the impacts of climate change such as more extreme weather and rising seas, scientists said on Thursday.
    Up to 14% of emissions from agriculture in 2050 could be avoided by managing food use and distribution better, according to a new study from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK). “Agriculture is a major driver of climate change, accounting for more than 20% of overall global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010,” said co-author Prajal Pradhan. “Avoiding food loss and waste would therefore avoid unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions and help mitigate climate change.”
    Between 30 and 40% of food produced around the world is never eaten, because it is spoiled after harvest and during transportation, or thrown away by shops and consumers. The share of food wasted is expected to increase drastically if emerging economies like China and India adopt western food habits, including a shift to eating more meat, the researchers warned. Richer countries tend to consume more food than is healthy or simply waste it, they noted.
    As poorer countries develop and the world’s population grows, emissions associated with food waste could soar from 0.5 gigatonnes (GT) of carbon dioxide equivalent per year to between 1.9 and 2.5 GT annually by mid-century, showed the study published in the Environmental Science & Technology journal. It is widely argued that cutting food waste and distributing the world’s surplus food where it is needed could help tackle hunger in places that do not have enough - especially given that land to expand farming is limited.
    But Jürgen Kropp, another of the study’s co-authors and PIK’s head of climate change and development, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation the potential for food waste curbs to reduce emissions should be given more attention. “It is not a strategy of governments at the moment,” he said.

             (www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.)

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Reducing food waste would mitigate climate change, study shows

April 7, 2016

    Reducing food waste around the world would help curb emissions of planet-warming gases, lessening some of the impacts of climate change such as more extreme weather and rising seas, scientists said on Thursday.
    Up to 14% of emissions from agriculture in 2050 could be avoided by managing food use and distribution better, according to a new study from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK). “Agriculture is a major driver of climate change, accounting for more than 20% of overall global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010,” said co-author Prajal Pradhan. “Avoiding food loss and waste would therefore avoid unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions and help mitigate climate change.”
    Between 30 and 40% of food produced around the world is never eaten, because it is spoiled after harvest and during transportation, or thrown away by shops and consumers. The share of food wasted is expected to increase drastically if emerging economies like China and India adopt western food habits, including a shift to eating more meat, the researchers warned. Richer countries tend to consume more food than is healthy or simply waste it, they noted.
    As poorer countries develop and the world’s population grows, emissions associated with food waste could soar from 0.5 gigatonnes (GT) of carbon dioxide equivalent per year to between 1.9 and 2.5 GT annually by mid-century, showed the study published in the Environmental Science & Technology journal. It is widely argued that cutting food waste and distributing the world’s surplus food where it is needed could help tackle hunger in places that do not have enough - especially given that land to expand farming is limited.
    But Jürgen Kropp, another of the study’s co-authors and PIK’s head of climate change and development, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation the potential for food waste curbs to reduce emissions should be given more attention. “It is not a strategy of governments at the moment,” he said.

             (www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.)

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Reducing food waste would mitigate climate change, study shows

April 7, 2016

    Reducing food waste around the world would help curb emissions of planet-warming gases, lessening some of the impacts of climate change such as more extreme weather and rising seas, scientists said on Thursday.
    Up to 14% of emissions from agriculture in 2050 could be avoided by managing food use and distribution better, according to a new study from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK). “Agriculture is a major driver of climate change, accounting for more than 20% of overall global greenhouse gas emissions in 2010,” said co-author Prajal Pradhan. “Avoiding food loss and waste would therefore avoid unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions and help mitigate climate change.”
    Between 30 and 40% of food produced around the world is never eaten, because it is spoiled after harvest and during transportation, or thrown away by shops and consumers. The share of food wasted is expected to increase drastically if emerging economies like China and India adopt western food habits, including a shift to eating more meat, the researchers warned. Richer countries tend to consume more food than is healthy or simply waste it, they noted.
    As poorer countries develop and the world’s population grows, emissions associated with food waste could soar from 0.5 gigatonnes (GT) of carbon dioxide equivalent per year to between 1.9 and 2.5 GT annually by mid-century, showed the study published in the Environmental Science & Technology journal. It is widely argued that cutting food waste and distributing the world’s surplus food where it is needed could help tackle hunger in places that do not have enough - especially given that land to expand farming is limited.
    But Jürgen Kropp, another of the study’s co-authors and PIK’s head of climate change and development, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation the potential for food waste curbs to reduce emissions should be given more attention. “It is not a strategy of governments at the moment,” he said.

             (www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.)

... dê o governo a essas duas classes [ligadas ao grande comércio e à grande agricultura] toda a consideração, vincule- as por todos os modos à ordem estabelecida, identifique- as com as instituições do país, e o futuro estará em máxima parte consolidado.

(Justiniano José da Rocha, 1843.)

A frase expressa, no contexto da época, uma posição política

Brazil refused US aid funding to fight HIV and AIDS

Instrução: Leia o excerto para responder às questões de números 11 e 12.

   Ontem a Serra Leoa,
A guerra, a caça ao leão,
O sono dormido à toa
Sob as tendas d’amplidão!
Hoje... o porão negro, fundo,
Infecto, apertado, imundo,
Tendo a peste por jaguar...
E o sono sempre cortado
Pelo arranco de um finado,
E o baque de um corpo ao mar...

Ontem plena liberdade,
A vontade por poder...
Hoje... cúm’lo de maldade,
Nem são livres p’ra morrer...
Prende-os a mesma corrente
– Férrea, lúgubre serpente –
Nas roscas da escravidão.
E assim roubados à morte,
Dança a lúgubre coorte
Ao som do açoite... Irrisão!...
(Castro Alves. Fragmento de O navio negreiro – tragédia no mar.)

(Machado de Assis. Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas.)

Compare o trecho de Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas, de Machado de Assis, com o fragmento do poema O navio negreiro – tragédia no mar, de Castro Alves (questões 11 e 12). Indique a alternativa que apresenta aspectos observáveis nos dois textos.

Estamos atravessando um período em que a economia dirigida vem sendo vitoriosamente adotada como a maneira mais prática e mais eficiente de serem atendidos os interesses econômicos, que não podem e não devem ficar sujeitos às vicissitudes e percalços de situações possivelmente graves, afetando de forma indesejável os verdadeiros e superiores interesses do país.

(Circular da FIESP, março de 1937.)

O texto mostra o empresariado paulista

De Juscelino Kubitschek, como presidente, em mensagem ao Congresso Nacional (15.03.1956):

… dificilmente se consolidará a revolução industrial, sem uma sólida base agrícola e sem um mercado interno em expansão…;

e, como ex- presidente, no jornal Correio da Manhã (21.04.1963):

Todo país que fez a Reforma Agrária despreparado industrialmente fracassou (...) Estamos preparados para pôr em prática um programa de tal natureza, pois já existe no Brasil uma indústria de base...

As duas citações permitem sustentar que Kubitschek

The Brazilian anti- AIDS program

(Raul Pompeia. O Ateneu.)

Considere as seguintes afirmações.

I. A alcunha de mestre-cuca, recebida por Rômulo, advinha do fato de ter praticado, anteriormente, a arte culinária.

II. As agressões e humilhações sofridas por Rômulo eram essencialmente motivadas por sua antipatia.

III. As reações de Rômulo às provocações dos colegas variavam conforme as circunstâncias.

De acordo com o texto, está correto o que se afirma apenas em

Benedito Valadares, em suas Memórias (Tempos Idos e Vividos, 1966), assim descreve os fundadores de um dos partidos políticos que surge no fim do Estado Novo:

... os que não aceitaram a Revolução de 30; os que a fizeram e se sentiram traídos...; os que a fizeram e se desentenderam com o presidente...; os que assinaram o “Manifesto dos Mineiros”; todos aqueles que por questões políticas e/ou pessoais não aceitavam a organização ditatorial montada sob a Constituição de 37.

O partido em questão chama- se

According to the text,

60 anos após as explosões das bombas atômicas em Hiroshima e Nagasaki, oito nações, pelo menos, possuem armas nucleares. Esse fato, associado a ações terroristas, representa uma ameaça ao mundo. Na cidade de Hiroshima foi lançada uma bomba de urânio-235 e em Nagasaki uma de plutônio-239, resultando em mais de cem mil mortes imediatas e outras milhares como conseqüência da radioatividade. As possíveis reações nucleares que ocorreram nas explosões de cada bomba são representadas nas equações:



Nas equações, Z, X, A e o tipo de reação nuclear são, respectivamente,

(Raul Pompeia. O Ateneu.)

Indique a alternativa em que os fragmentos selecionados exemplificam, respectivamente, a manifestação clara do ponto de vista do narrador e a opinião do grupo, a propósito de Rômulo.

A bateria primária de lítio-iodo surgiu em 1967, nos Estados Unidos, revolucionando a história do marca-passo cardíaco. Ela pesa menos que 20 g e apresenta longa duração, cerca de cinco a oito anos, evitando que o paciente tenha que se submeter a freqüentes cirurgias para trocar o marca- psso. O esquema dessa bateria é representado na figura.



Para esta pilha, são dadas as semi-reações de redução:



São feitas as seguintes afirmações sobre esta pilha:

I. No ânodo ocorre a redução do íon Li + .

II. A ddp da pilha é + 2,51 V.

III. O cátodo é o polímero/iodo.

IV. O agente oxidante é o .

São corretas as afirmações contidas apenas em

Some activists say that