Questões: Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) — com gabarito

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Dr. Mariangela Hungria will receive the $500,000 award for her work to utilize biological processes to sustainably improve crop1 nutrition, yields2 and productivity. The scientist whose discoveries helped Brazil become a global agricultural powerhouse has been named the 2025 World Food Prize Laureate.

Dr. Mariangela Hungria, a microbiologist from São Paulo, has developed dozens of biological seed and soil treatments that help crops source nutrients through soil bacteria, significantly increasing yields of major crops while also reducing the need for synthetic fertilizer. Her products are estimated to have been used across more than 40 million hectares in Brazil, saving farmers up to US$40 billion a year in costs while avoiding more than 180 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent emissions per year.

Dr. Hungria’s work has helped improve yields of wheat, corn, rice, common beans, and other major crops, including soybean, which is now Brazil’s top agricultural export. Over her 40-year career with the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), national soybean production increased from 15 million tons in 1979 to an anticipated 173 million tons in the next harvest3 in 2025.

Dr. Hungria, who overcame prejudices against women and young mothers in academia to be named one of the 100 most powerful women in agriculture in Brazil by Forbes magazine in 2021, said she was inspired by Dr. Norman Borlaug, the father of the Green Revolution and founder of the World Food Prize. “I like to say that he made the Green Revolution possible, and we had this great opportunity to start a ‘micro green revolution’ — a green revolution, but with microorganisms,” she added. “I can’t quite believe I am now receiving the World Food Prize. Many people questioned me and my abilities throughout my career but I believed in what I was doing and persevered. The role of women in agriculture, from farming to science, deserves more recognition. I hope my achievement inspires others to pursue their passions in science.”

(www.worldfoodprize.org, 13.05.2025. Adaptado.)

1crop: cultivated plant that is grown as food, especially grain, fruit or vegetable.

2yields: the full amounts of an agricultural product.

3harvest: the crops that are cut and collected.

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Dr. Mariangela Hungria will receive the $500,000 award for her work to utilize biological processes to sustainably improve crop1 nutrition, yields2 and productivity. The scientist whose discoveries helped Brazil become a global agricultural powerhouse has been named the 2025 World Food Prize Laureate.

Dr. Mariangela Hungria, a microbiologist from São Paulo, has developed dozens of biological seed and soil treatments that help crops source nutrients through soil bacteria, significantly increasing yields of major crops while also reducing the need for synthetic fertilizer. Her products are estimated to have been used across more than 40 million hectares in Brazil, saving farmers up to US$40 billion a year in costs while avoiding more than 180 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent emissions per year.

Dr. Hungria’s work has helped improve yields of wheat, corn, rice, common beans, and other major crops, including soybean, which is now Brazil’s top agricultural export. Over her 40-year career with the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), national soybean production increased from 15 million tons in 1979 to an anticipated 173 million tons in the next harvest3 in 2025.

Dr. Hungria, who overcame prejudices against women and young mothers in academia to be named one of the 100 most powerful women in agriculture in Brazil by Forbes magazine in 2021, said she was inspired by Dr. Norman Borlaug, the father of the Green Revolution and founder of the World Food Prize. “I like to say that he made the Green Revolution possible, and we had this great opportunity to start a ‘micro green revolution’ — a green revolution, but with microorganisms,” she added. “I can’t quite believe I am now receiving the World Food Prize. Many people questioned me and my abilities throughout my career but I believed in what I was doing and persevered. The role of women in agriculture, from farming to science, deserves more recognition. I hope my achievement inspires others to pursue their passions in science.”

(www.worldfoodprize.org, 13.05.2025. Adaptado.)

1crop: cultivated plant that is grown as food, especially grain, fruit or vegetable.

2yields: the full amounts of an agricultural product.

3harvest: the crops that are cut and collected.

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Dr. Mariangela Hungria will receive the $500,000 award for her work to utilize biological processes to sustainably improve crop1 nutrition, yields2 and productivity. The scientist whose discoveries helped Brazil become a global agricultural powerhouse has been named the 2025 World Food Prize Laureate.

Dr. Mariangela Hungria, a microbiologist from São Paulo, has developed dozens of biological seed and soil treatments that help crops source nutrients through soil bacteria, significantly increasing yields of major crops while also reducing the need for synthetic fertilizer. Her products are estimated to have been used across more than 40 million hectares in Brazil, saving farmers up to US$40 billion a year in costs while avoiding more than 180 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent emissions per year.

Dr. Hungria’s work has helped improve yields of wheat, corn, rice, common beans, and other major crops, including soybean, which is now Brazil’s top agricultural export. Over her 40-year career with the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), national soybean production increased from 15 million tons in 1979 to an anticipated 173 million tons in the next harvest3 in 2025.

Dr. Hungria, who overcame prejudices against women and young mothers in academia to be named one of the 100 most powerful women in agriculture in Brazil by Forbes magazine in 2021, said she was inspired by Dr. Norman Borlaug, the father of the Green Revolution and founder of the World Food Prize. “I like to say that he made the Green Revolution possible, and we had this great opportunity to start a ‘micro green revolution’ — a green revolution, but with microorganisms,” she added. “I can’t quite believe I am now receiving the World Food Prize. Many people questioned me and my abilities throughout my career but I believed in what I was doing and persevered. The role of women in agriculture, from farming to science, deserves more recognition. I hope my achievement inspires others to pursue their passions in science.”

(www.worldfoodprize.org, 13.05.2025. Adaptado.)

1crop: cultivated plant that is grown as food, especially grain, fruit or vegetable.

2yields: the full amounts of an agricultural product.

3harvest: the crops that are cut and collected.

According to the fourth paragraph, Dr. Hungria partly attributes her success to

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Dr. Mariangela Hungria will receive the $500,000 award for her work to utilize biological processes to sustainably improve crop1 nutrition, yields2 and productivity. The scientist whose discoveries helped Brazil become a global agricultural powerhouse has been named the 2025 World Food Prize Laureate.

Dr. Mariangela Hungria, a microbiologist from São Paulo, has developed dozens of biological seed and soil treatments that help crops source nutrients through soil bacteria, significantly increasing yields of major crops while also reducing the need for synthetic fertilizer. Her products are estimated to have been used across more than 40 million hectares in Brazil, saving farmers up to US$40 billion a year in costs while avoiding more than 180 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent emissions per year.

Dr. Hungria’s work has helped improve yields of wheat, corn, rice, common beans, and other major crops, including soybean, which is now Brazil’s top agricultural export. Over her 40-year career with the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), national soybean production increased from 15 million tons in 1979 to an anticipated 173 million tons in the next harvest3 in 2025.

Dr. Hungria, who overcame prejudices against women and young mothers in academia to be named one of the 100 most powerful women in agriculture in Brazil by Forbes magazine in 2021, said she was inspired by Dr. Norman Borlaug, the father of the Green Revolution and founder of the World Food Prize. “I like to say that he made the Green Revolution possible, and we had this great opportunity to start a ‘micro green revolution’ — a green revolution, but with microorganisms,” she added. “I can’t quite believe I am now receiving the World Food Prize. Many people questioned me and my abilities throughout my career but I believed in what I was doing and persevered. The role of women in agriculture, from farming to science, deserves more recognition. I hope my achievement inspires others to pursue their passions in science.”

(www.worldfoodprize.org, 13.05.2025. Adaptado.)

1crop: cultivated plant that is grown as food, especially grain, fruit or vegetable.

2yields: the full amounts of an agricultural product.

3harvest: the crops that are cut and collected.

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Dr. Mariangela Hungria will receive the $500,000 award for her work to utilize biological processes to sustainably improve crop1 nutrition, yields2 and productivity. The scientist whose discoveries helped Brazil become a global agricultural powerhouse has been named the 2025 World Food Prize Laureate.

Dr. Mariangela Hungria, a microbiologist from São Paulo, has developed dozens of biological seed and soil treatments that help crops source nutrients through soil bacteria, significantly increasing yields of major crops while also reducing the need for synthetic fertilizer. Her products are estimated to have been used across more than 40 million hectares in Brazil, saving farmers up to US$40 billion a year in costs while avoiding more than 180 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent emissions per year.

Dr. Hungria’s work has helped improve yields of wheat, corn, rice, common beans, and other major crops, including soybean, which is now Brazil’s top agricultural export. Over her 40-year career with the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), national soybean production increased from 15 million tons in 1979 to an anticipated 173 million tons in the next harvest3 in 2025.

Dr. Hungria, who overcame prejudices against women and young mothers in academia to be named one of the 100 most powerful women in agriculture in Brazil by Forbes magazine in 2021, said she was inspired by Dr. Norman Borlaug, the father of the Green Revolution and founder of the World Food Prize. “I like to say that he made the Green Revolution possible, and we had this great opportunity to start a ‘micro green revolution’ — a green revolution, but with microorganisms,” she added. “I can’t quite believe I am now receiving the World Food Prize. Many people questioned me and my abilities throughout my career but I believed in what I was doing and persevered. The role of women in agriculture, from farming to science, deserves more recognition. I hope my achievement inspires others to pursue their passions in science.”

(www.worldfoodprize.org, 13.05.2025. Adaptado.)

1crop: cultivated plant that is grown as food, especially grain, fruit or vegetable.

2yields: the full amounts of an agricultural product.

3harvest: the crops that are cut and collected.

(www.farmprogress.com, 25.03.2025. Adaptado.)

1acreage: an area of land measured in acres.

2bushel: a measure internationally used for grains; for soybean, it is equivalent to 27,216 kg.

According to the information presented in the chart, 

Examine a tira de Bill Watterson.

(www.facebook.com)

In the comic strip, Calvin, the boy,

Texto 1

O uso de inteligência artificial (IA) para tarefas simples e complexas está se tornando cada vez mais comum, mas você já se perguntou se dizer “por favor” e “obrigado” a uma IA afeta a resposta que ela dará? Estudos da Universidade Cornell, nos Estados Unidos, revelaram que a resposta da IA variava dependendo se a pessoa era gentil ou não. “A linguagem educada na comunicação humana frequentemente gera maior conformidade e eficácia, enquanto a grosseria pode causar aversão, o que afeta a qualidade da resposta”, afirmou o estudo.

(https://oglobo.globo.com, 18.04.2025. Adaptado.)

Texto 2

Dizer “obrigada” e “por favor” para o ChatGPT pode au mentar ainda mais os custos de seu funcionamento. A em presa criadora do chatbot, OpenAI, gasta até US$ 700 mil por dia para manter o ChatGPT ativo, e cada resposta consome mais do que só eletricidade: há água, dados e bilhões em jogo. Destacam-se não apenas os custos financeiros, mas também o impacto ambiental dos modelos de inteligência artificial mais avançada do mundo. Modelos como o GPT-4 demandam uma grande infraestrutura computacional para entregar respostas em segundos.

(Tamires Vitorio. https://exame.com, 19.04.2025. Adaptado.)

Os textos 1 e 2 demonstram que as novas dinâmicas da relação entre indivíduo e tecnologia expressam a

Leia o trecho de uma entrevista concedida por Tarcízio Silva, autor do livro Racismo Algorítmico: mídia, inteligência artificial e discriminação nas redes digitais.

Quais os impactos do racismo algorítmico, principalmente em relação a minorias raciais no Brasil e no mundo?

— As tecnologias digitais possuem dualidades que podem pender para a opressão em sociedades marcadas pelas desigualdades. Manifestações mais individualizadas do racismo algorítmico podem acontecer em quase todas as esferas da vida e são cada vez mais mediadas por tecnologias digitais como plataformas, aplicativos e sistemas de classificação e ranqueamento. Assim, a mediação algorítmi ca de decisões em áreas como serviços públicos, liberda de de expressão, trabalho, remuneração, segurança e até acesso à saúde pode aumentar as disparidades já conheci das socialmente.

Seria o racismo algorítmico apenas uma consequência do racismo estrutural?

— O racismo algorítmico é uma espécie de atualização do racismo estrutural. Nesse contexto, o desenvolvimento de tecnologias algorítmicas se alimenta do histórico social para oferecer uma pretensa inteligência artificial, ou seja, que, na verdade, é comprometida com o patriarcado e o colonialismo. Essa desinteligência artificial atualiza opressões como o racismo estrutural.

(Daiane Batista. “Tarcízio Silva: ‘O racismo algorítmico é uma espécie de atualização do racismo estrutural’”. https://cee.fiocruz.br, 30.03.2023. Adaptado.)

Com base nas respostas de Tarcízio Silva, compreender o racismo algorítmico como uma forma atualizada de racismo estrutural implica reconhecer que