Questões: Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG) — com gabarito

Os deslocamentos populacionais que ocorrem em decorrência da procura de melhores condições de vida e a fuga de regiões em conflitos representam um dos efeitos colaterais da globalização. A propósito dessa temática, é INCORRETO afirmar:

O determinante da matriz inversa de é

Na atualidade, China, Coréia do Norte e Cuba adotam princípios do socialismo. Todavia, cada um desses países se insere de modo muito particular no cenário mundial. Sobre o assunto, é INCORRETO afirmar:

Durante o chamado período regencial (1831-1840), eclodiram inúmeras revoltas, em várias províncias brasileiras: Balaiada, Sabinada, Revolta dos Malês, Farroupilha, dentre outras. Todas as alternativas a seguir demonstram como a análise dessas rebeliões permitiu quebrar vários mitos sobre a História do Brasil, EXCETO:

A globalização é o fenômeno mais recente da economia capitalista mundial. O mundo globalizado definiu uma nova organização do espaço geográfico, com impacto em todas as regiões do mundo, ampliando as diferenças entre os países desenvolvidos e subdesenvolvidos e entre as classes sociais no interior de cada um deles. Hoje, mais do que nunca, o mercado é controlado pelas grandes corporações multinacionais aglutinadas em diferentes blocos econômicos. A respeito desse assunto, é CORRETO afirmar:

Apenas quatro países conseguiram a marca de 50 medalhas de ouro numa Olimpíada: Inglaterra, Estados Unidos, União Soviética e China. Sabendo que esse feito é um forte indicador do poder político e econômico internacional de um país, é CORRETO afirmar que as

Considerando as propriedades químicas e as reações dos compostos orgânicos envolvidos no processo de emissão de luz do vaga-lume, é CORRETO afirmar:

Sobre as particularidades das espécies químicas envolvidas nas etapas de conversão da luciferina em oxiluciferina, é CORRETO afirmar:

Sobre o conceito de alienação, é CORRETO afirmar:

Um pai quer dividir um terreno triangular entre dois irmãos, de forma que a cerca de comprimento y que separa o terreno seja paralela a um dos seus lados e que as suas dimensões, em metros, sejam como mostra a figura a seguir.

As dimensões x e y devem ser, respectivamente:

A respeito da estrutura da matéria e das propriedades da radiação eletromagnética, é CORRETO afirmar:

O mundo contemporâneo vem sofrendo muitas mudanças em todas as esferas da vida social. Estas mudanças sociais estão na organização política, nas relações internacionais, na cultura, entre outras. A chamada “reestruturação produtiva” faz parte deste contexto e está relacionada com o aumento do desemprego. Sobre a relação entre reestruturação produtiva e desemprego, é CORRETO afirmar:

A reprodução sexuada é realizada por grande parte dos seres vivos e inicia-se com a formação dos gametas. Na espécie humana, a formação dos gametas masculinos e femininos possui fases distintas. A respeito dessas fases, deduz-se que

Depois das sérias e profundas investigações históricas acerca do pensamento medieval, iniciadas no princípio do século XIX, desvaneceram-se muitos dos inumeráveis preconceitos acumulados pela Renascença sobre a era de “obscurantismo” da Idade Média, que apareceu em todo o seu resplendor de sua realidade como uma das épocas de intensa vida intelectual. A prova de que a época medieval não era desprovida de vigor intelectual está no fato de ela ser palco do surgimento

Enquadrar as pessoas em determinada classe social é sempre um processo arbitrário, no Brasil e em qualquer país. Alguns pesquisadores usam como critério apenas a renda. Outros levam em conta fatores como patrimônio, ocupação ou nível de escolaridade. Em sua pesquisa, a FGV definiu como classe média as famílias com renda mensal entre R$ 1.065 e R$ 4.591.

Esse universo de 100 milhões de brasileiros é formado sobretudo pelos ex-pobres que acabam de pôr o pé na classe média. Alguns estudiosos chamam esse segmento de classe média baixa, outros falam em classe C. Para muitos, é difícil classificá-los. O certo é que melhoraram de vida. Anos atrás, não tinham conta em banco, consumiam apenas o essencial e seu principal objetivo na vida era chegar ao fim do mês com as contas pagas. Hoje, estão comprando o primeiro carro zero, construindo um cômodo a mais na casa, se vestem melhor. “Nossa maneira de olhar a classe média é meio americana”, diz o economista Marcelo Neri, coordenador da pesquisa e diretor do Centro de Políticas Sociais da FGV. “A classe média tradicional brasileira sempre comparou seu poder aquisitivo ao dos países desenvolvidos”.
ÉPOCA, São Paulo, 11 ago. 2008. p. 94-95.

De acordo com as teorias sociológicas de Max Weber e Karl Marx, a análise apresentada no texto acima relaciona a posição social com qual conceito?

Um dos governos mais fecundos em conflitos políticos da história republicana brasileira foi o de João Goulart, nos anos 1960. Nesse período, ocorreu o acirramento dos debates políticos e dos conflitos sociais. É característica desse período:

Com base nas informações do texto, do desenho e em seus conhecimentos sobre química, é CORRETO afirmar:

Making family medicine a more attractive specialty: strategies to address the shortage of primary care specialists in Brazil

Primary Health Care (PHC) is often the first level of the health system and is responsible for the coordination of medical and interdisciplinary care. As the preferred entry point to the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), PHC is of fundamental importance and is present in all regions of the country. It aims to enable access to health care and ensures the coordination and completeness of care. This structure can treat approximately 80% of the overall need related to diseases presented in the Basic Health Units.

Despite its importance, the valorization of PHC and Family Medicine (FM) as a discipline and a public policy has not been prioritized in most Brazilian educational institutions. According to the study on medical demography carried out by the Regional Medical Council of São Paulo (CREMESP), Brazil had 500,000 physicians in 2020, but with unequal distribution among the nation’s five regions, and a concentration of professionals in the capital cities compared to the countryside.

 This issue is faced by many countries. In the United States (US) of 8,116 primary care postgraduate training positions (which includes pediatrics, internal medicine, and family doctors), 42 percent were filled by graduates of U.S. medical schools and the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) projects a shortage of 21,100 to 55,200 primary care physicians (PCP) by 2034. In Europe, where PCP was traditionally respected and recognized, the lack of General Practitioners (GP) is also increasing and is a matter of concern. Workload and a lack of perceived prestige associated with the PCP track can make primary care less attractive. These sorts of misconceptions, along with lower salaries, burnout, and difficult career advancement makes primary care a difficult specialty to attract and retain doctors.

For Feuerwerker, vacancies in Brazilian institutions are the result of several elements: the encouragement of distinctive specialties and institutions, the historical misunderstanding and importance of the practice, and the increased incentive of specialization in medical education. The lack of investments in supplies and infrastructure in primary care, career development concerns, and low salaries, and the valorization of the formation of FM doctors in the work of the EFS also contribute to difficulty in retaining these positions in Brazil.

With the aim to reduce the vacancy rate in the medical residency programs for FM, some Brazilian health departments introduced reforms and additional financing for FM training. In 2020, the region of Campinas, where we work, introduced a program called “More Doctors for the City of Campinas” (PMMC), which established a partnership between public and private higher education institutions, hospitals, and Urgency/Emergency Units with a novel post-graduation proposal for FM. It created a program to support the training of specialists in family medicine, stimulate research, and expand care in Basic Health Units, and has since resulted in a 50% decrease in vacancies.

One of the successful elements of the Campinas program, together with quality of medical training, is that it helps bring medical classroom training closer to the community and everyday social reality. PMMC-trained physicians are aware of how their work impacts the local community and its particular health needs. The program has resulted in care that is more responsive to community needs, especially from the perspective of adopting a care model that prioritizes health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in an integrated manner. However, for the EFS to continue to innovate and improve its response capacity to contemporary health problems, it must invest heavily in professional training, the rational incorporation of information and communication technologies, and the creation of appropriate working conditions for multidisciplinary teams.

Disponível em: https://speakingofmedicine.plos.org/2023/01/13/. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2024. [Adaptado]. 

According to the text, Primary Health Care (PHC)

Making family medicine a more attractive specialty: strategies to address the shortage of primary care specialists in Brazil

Primary Health Care (PHC) is often the first level of the health system and is responsible for the coordination of medical and interdisciplinary care. As the preferred entry point to the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), PHC is of fundamental importance and is present in all regions of the country. It aims to enable access to health care and ensures the coordination and completeness of care. This structure can treat approximately 80% of the overall need related to diseases presented in the Basic Health Units.

Despite its importance, the valorization of PHC and Family Medicine (FM) as a discipline and a public policy has not been prioritized in most Brazilian educational institutions. According to the study on medical demography carried out by the Regional Medical Council of São Paulo (CREMESP), Brazil had 500,000 physicians in 2020, but with unequal distribution among the nation’s five regions, and a concentration of professionals in the capital cities compared to the countryside.

 This issue is faced by many countries. In the United States (US) of 8,116 primary care postgraduate training positions (which includes pediatrics, internal medicine, and family doctors), 42 percent were filled by graduates of U.S. medical schools and the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) projects a shortage of 21,100 to 55,200 primary care physicians (PCP) by 2034. In Europe, where PCP was traditionally respected and recognized, the lack of General Practitioners (GP) is also increasing and is a matter of concern. Workload and a lack of perceived prestige associated with the PCP track can make primary care less attractive. These sorts of misconceptions, along with lower salaries, burnout, and difficult career advancement makes primary care a difficult specialty to attract and retain doctors.

For Feuerwerker, vacancies in Brazilian institutions are the result of several elements: the encouragement of distinctive specialties and institutions, the historical misunderstanding and importance of the practice, and the increased incentive of specialization in medical education. The lack of investments in supplies and infrastructure in primary care, career development concerns, and low salaries, and the valorization of the formation of FM doctors in the work of the EFS also contribute to difficulty in retaining these positions in Brazil.

With the aim to reduce the vacancy rate in the medical residency programs for FM, some Brazilian health departments introduced reforms and additional financing for FM training. In 2020, the region of Campinas, where we work, introduced a program called “More Doctors for the City of Campinas” (PMMC), which established a partnership between public and private higher education institutions, hospitals, and Urgency/Emergency Units with a novel post-graduation proposal for FM. It created a program to support the training of specialists in family medicine, stimulate research, and expand care in Basic Health Units, and has since resulted in a 50% decrease in vacancies.

One of the successful elements of the Campinas program, together with quality of medical training, is that it helps bring medical classroom training closer to the community and everyday social reality. PMMC-trained physicians are aware of how their work impacts the local community and its particular health needs. The program has resulted in care that is more responsive to community needs, especially from the perspective of adopting a care model that prioritizes health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in an integrated manner. However, for the EFS to continue to innovate and improve its response capacity to contemporary health problems, it must invest heavily in professional training, the rational incorporation of information and communication technologies, and the creation of appropriate working conditions for multidisciplinary teams.

Disponível em: https://speakingofmedicine.plos.org/2023/01/13/. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2024. [Adaptado]. 

A problem mentioned in the text is:

Making family medicine a more attractive specialty: strategies to address the shortage of primary care specialists in Brazil

Primary Health Care (PHC) is often the first level of the health system and is responsible for the coordination of medical and interdisciplinary care. As the preferred entry point to the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), PHC is of fundamental importance and is present in all regions of the country. It aims to enable access to health care and ensures the coordination and completeness of care. This structure can treat approximately 80% of the overall need related to diseases presented in the Basic Health Units.

Despite its importance, the valorization of PHC and Family Medicine (FM) as a discipline and a public policy has not been prioritized in most Brazilian educational institutions. According to the study on medical demography carried out by the Regional Medical Council of São Paulo (CREMESP), Brazil had 500,000 physicians in 2020, but with unequal distribution among the nation’s five regions, and a concentration of professionals in the capital cities compared to the countryside.

 This issue is faced by many countries. In the United States (US) of 8,116 primary care postgraduate training positions (which includes pediatrics, internal medicine, and family doctors), 42 percent were filled by graduates of U.S. medical schools and the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) projects a shortage of 21,100 to 55,200 primary care physicians (PCP) by 2034. In Europe, where PCP was traditionally respected and recognized, the lack of General Practitioners (GP) is also increasing and is a matter of concern. Workload and a lack of perceived prestige associated with the PCP track can make primary care less attractive. These sorts of misconceptions, along with lower salaries, burnout, and difficult career advancement makes primary care a difficult specialty to attract and retain doctors.

For Feuerwerker, vacancies in Brazilian institutions are the result of several elements: the encouragement of distinctive specialties and institutions, the historical misunderstanding and importance of the practice, and the increased incentive of specialization in medical education. The lack of investments in supplies and infrastructure in primary care, career development concerns, and low salaries, and the valorization of the formation of FM doctors in the work of the EFS also contribute to difficulty in retaining these positions in Brazil.

With the aim to reduce the vacancy rate in the medical residency programs for FM, some Brazilian health departments introduced reforms and additional financing for FM training. In 2020, the region of Campinas, where we work, introduced a program called “More Doctors for the City of Campinas” (PMMC), which established a partnership between public and private higher education institutions, hospitals, and Urgency/Emergency Units with a novel post-graduation proposal for FM. It created a program to support the training of specialists in family medicine, stimulate research, and expand care in Basic Health Units, and has since resulted in a 50% decrease in vacancies.

One of the successful elements of the Campinas program, together with quality of medical training, is that it helps bring medical classroom training closer to the community and everyday social reality. PMMC-trained physicians are aware of how their work impacts the local community and its particular health needs. The program has resulted in care that is more responsive to community needs, especially from the perspective of adopting a care model that prioritizes health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in an integrated manner. However, for the EFS to continue to innovate and improve its response capacity to contemporary health problems, it must invest heavily in professional training, the rational incorporation of information and communication technologies, and the creation of appropriate working conditions for multidisciplinary teams.

Disponível em: https://speakingofmedicine.plos.org/2023/01/13/. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2024. [Adaptado]. 

The Campinas program