Questões: Fundação Universitária para o Vestibular (FUVEST) — com gabarito

TIME, August 23, 2018. Adaptado.

TIME, August 23, 2018. Adaptado.

TIME, August 23, 2018. Adaptado.

Atente para as seguintes afirmações, extraídas e adaptadas de um estudo do crítico Augusto Meyer sobre José de Alencar:

I. “Nesta obra, assim como nos ‘poemas americanos’ dos nossos poetas, palpita um sentimento sincero de distância poética e exotismo, de coisa notável por estranha para nós, embora a rotulemos como nativa.”

II. “Mais do que diante de um relato, estamos diante de um poema, cujo conteúdo se concentra a cada passo na magia do ritmo e na graça da imagem.”

III. “O tema do bom selvagem foi, neste caso, aproveitado para um romance histórico, que reproduz o enredo típico das narrativas de capa e espada, oriundas da novela de cavalaria.”

É compatível com o trecho de Iracema aqui reproduzido, considerado no contexto dessa obra, o que se afirma em

      Evidentemente, não se pode esperar que Dostoiévski seja traduzido por outro Dostoiévski, mas desde que o tradutor procure penetrar nas peculiaridades da linguagem primeira, aplique-se com afinco e faça com que sua criatividade orientada pelo original permita, paradoxalmente, afasta-se do texto para ficar mais próximo deste, um passo importante será dado. Deixando de lado a fidelidade mecânica, frase por frase, tratando o original como um conjunto de blocos a serem transpostos, e transgredindo sem receio, quando necessário, as normas do “escrever bem”, o tradutor poderá trazê-lo com boa margem de fidelidade para a língua com a qual está trabalhando.

Boris Schnaiderman, Dostoiévski Prosa Poesia.

     O Comissário apertou-lhe mais a mão, querendo transmiti-lhe o sopro de vida. Mas a vida de Sem Medo esvaía-se para o solo do Mayombe, misturando-se às folhas em decomposição.

     [...]

     Mas o Comissário não ouviu o que o Comandante disse. Os lábios já mal se moviam.

      A amoreira gigante à sua frente. O tronco destaca-se do sincretismo da mata, mas se eu percorrer com os olhos o tronco para cima, a folhagem dele mistura-se à folhagem geral e é de novo o sincretismo. Só o tronco se destaca, se individualiza. Tal é o Mayombe, os gigantes só o são em parte, ao nível do tronco, o resto confunde-se na massa. Tal o homem. As impressões visuais são menos nítidas e a mancha verde predominante faz esbater progressivamente a claridade do tronco da amoreira gigante. As manchas verdes são cada vez mais sobrepostas, mas, num sobressalto, o tronco da amoreira ainda se afirma, debatendo-se. Tal é a vida.

     [...]

     Os olhos de Sem Medo ficaram abertos, contemplando o tronco já in visível do gigante que para sempre desaparecera no seu elemento verde.

Pepetela, Mayombe.

         The perils of counterfeit drugs go way beyond being ripped off by dubious online pill-pushers. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 50 per cent of all medicines sold online are worthless counterfeits. In developing nations fake pills may account for as much as 30 per cent of all drugs on the market. Even in the developed world, 1 per cent of medicines bought over the counter are fakes.

        Some key events illustrate the risk these pose. In Nigeria, 2500 children died in 1995 after receiving fake meningitis vaccines. In Haiti, Bangladesh and Nigeria, around 400 people died in 1998 after being given paracetamol that had been prepared with diethylene glycol – a solvent used in wallpaper stripper. The fakers are nothing if not market-aware: in the face of an outbreak of H5N1 bird flu in 2005, they began offering fake Tamiflu.

         What can be done? The WHO coordinates an umbrella body called the International Medical Products Anti-Counterfeiting Taskforce (IMPACT), an industry initiative that issues alerts when it finds anomalies in the medicine supply chain. Such events include sudden drops in wholesale prices, hinting at fakes coming onto the market, or the mimicking of anti-counterfeiting features on packaging, such as holograms or barcodes, says Nimo Ahmed, head of intelligence at the UK’s Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency.

New Scientist, 10 July 2010, p. 18. Adaptado.

         The perils of counterfeit drugs go way beyond being ripped off by dubious online pill-pushers. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 50 per cent of all medicines sold online are worthless counterfeits. In developing nations fake pills may account for as much as 30 per cent of all drugs on the market. Even in the developed world, 1 per cent of medicines bought over the counter are fakes.

        Some key events illustrate the risk these pose. In Nigeria, 2500 children died in 1995 after receiving fake meningitis vaccines. In Haiti, Bangladesh and Nigeria, around 400 people died in 1998 after being given paracetamol that had been prepared with diethylene glycol – a solvent used in wallpaper stripper. The fakers are nothing if not market-aware: in the face of an outbreak of H5N1 bird flu in 2005, they began offering fake Tamiflu.

         What can be done? The WHO coordinates an umbrella body called the International Medical Products Anti-Counterfeiting Taskforce (IMPACT), an industry initiative that issues alerts when it finds anomalies in the medicine supply chain. Such events include sudden drops in wholesale prices, hinting at fakes coming onto the market, or the mimicking of anti-counterfeiting features on packaging, such as holograms or barcodes, says Nimo Ahmed, head of intelligence at the UK’s Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency.

New Scientist, 10 July 2010, p. 18. Adaptado.

         The perils of counterfeit drugs go way beyond being ripped off by dubious online pill-pushers. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 50 per cent of all medicines sold online are worthless counterfeits. In developing nations fake pills may account for as much as 30 per cent of all drugs on the market. Even in the developed world, 1 per cent of medicines bought over the counter are fakes.

        Some key events illustrate the risk these pose. In Nigeria, 2500 children died in 1995 after receiving fake meningitis vaccines. In Haiti, Bangladesh and Nigeria, around 400 people died in 1998 after being given paracetamol that had been prepared with diethylene glycol – a solvent used in wallpaper stripper. The fakers are nothing if not market-aware: in the face of an outbreak of H5N1 bird flu in 2005, they began offering fake Tamiflu.

         What can be done? The WHO coordinates an umbrella body called the International Medical Products Anti-Counterfeiting Taskforce (IMPACT), an industry initiative that issues alerts when it finds anomalies in the medicine supply chain. Such events include sudden drops in wholesale prices, hinting at fakes coming onto the market, or the mimicking of anti-counterfeiting features on packaging, such as holograms or barcodes, says Nimo Ahmed, head of intelligence at the UK’s Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency.

New Scientist, 10 July 2010, p. 18. Adaptado.