Questões: Universidade Virtual de São Paulo — com gabarito

“Projeto de uma estátua equestre para o ilustre chefe do Partido Liberal”

A charge, publicada na Revista Illustrada no ano de 1880, faz uma crítica

No mundo islâmico medieval, se mantinham numerosos elementos não muçulmanos na população e, dentre eles, judeus e cristãos se beneficiavam de um estatuto particular: “povos da Bíblia”. Eram considerados como sendo crentes do mesmo deus, ainda que lhes faltasse a revelação suprema e derradeira, a de Maomé.

(George Tate. O Oriente das Cruzadas. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2008. Adaptado)

O trecho apresenta uma característica fundamental do mundo árabe islâmico no contexto da expansão muçulmana, corretamente identificada como

A caminhada de Atenas em direção à democracia não aconteceu de uma hora para outra. A trajetória política dos atenienses até o regime de maior participação popular da Antiguidade foi marcada por várias e longas etapas. Para que se chegasse à democracia foi preciso muita luta popular. Isso foi possível, entre outros motivos, graças à ampliação do comércio marítimo ateniense, o que fortaleceu os comerciantes. Os próprios camponeses conseguiram ampliar sua participação social devido, também, ao seu crescente papel econômico em uma Atenas cada vez mais voltada para o mundo exterior.

(Pedro Paulo Funari. Grécia e Roma. São Paulo: Contexto, 2011. Adaptado)

A “caminhada” mencionada no trecho representou uma perda gradual de poder por parte

Leia o texto para responder a questão.

Modern-day slavery: an explainer

Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty

   About 150 years after most countries banned slavery – Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking, debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.

  Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.”

  Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says: “debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The 1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed. 

  Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation accounts for 22% of slaves.

Leia o texto para responder a questão.

Modern-day slavery: an explainer

Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty

   About 150 years after most countries banned slavery – Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking, debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.

  Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.”

  Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says: “debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The 1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed. 

  Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation accounts for 22% of slaves.

Leia o texto para responder a questão.

Modern-day slavery: an explainer

Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty

   About 150 years after most countries banned slavery – Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking, debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.

  Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.”

  Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says: “debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The 1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed. 

  Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation accounts for 22% of slaves.

No trecho do terceiro parágrafo – As contemporary systems of slavery have evolved – o termo em destaque equivale, em português, a

Leia o texto para responder a questão.

Modern-day slavery: an explainer

Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty

   About 150 years after most countries banned slavery – Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking, debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.

  Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.”

  Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says: “debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The 1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed. 

  Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation accounts for 22% of slaves.

De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo, a Convenção Suplementar das Nações Unidas de 1956 inclui como escravidão moderna

Leia o texto para responder a questão.

Modern-day slavery: an explainer

Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty

   About 150 years after most countries banned slavery – Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking, debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.

  Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.”

  Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says: “debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The 1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed. 

  Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation accounts for 22% of slaves.

No trecho do terceiro parágrafo – all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily – o termo em destaque se refere a

Leia o texto para responder a questão.

Modern-day slavery: an explainer

Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty

   About 150 years after most countries banned slavery – Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking, debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.

  Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.”

  Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says: “debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The 1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed. 

  Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation accounts for 22% of slaves.

Leia o primeiro parágrafo, em que se responde à pergunta “What is modern-day slavery?”. De acordo com esse parágrafo, uma das formas que a escravidão moderna assume é

Leia o poema de A rosa do povo, livro de Carlos Drummond de Andrade publicado em 1945, para responder a questão.

Leia o trecho de Dom Casmurro, de Machado de Assis, para responder a questão.

    Ezequiel, quando começou o capítulo anterior, não era ainda gerado; quando acabou era cristão e católico. Este outro é destinado a fazer chegar o meu Ezequiel aos cinco anos, um rapagão bonito, com os seus olhos claros, já inquietos, como se quisessem namorar todas as moças da vizinhança, ou quase todas.

   Agora, se considerares que ele foi único, que nenhum outro veio, certo nem incerto, morto nem vivo, um só e único, imaginarás os cuidados que nos deu, os sonos que nos tirou, e que sustos nos meteram as crises dos dentes e outras, a menor febrícula, toda a existência comum das crianças. A tudo acudíamos, segundo cumpria e urgia, cousa que não era necessário dizer, mas há leitores tão obtusos, que nada entendem, se lhes não relata tudo e o resto. Vamos ao resto. (Dom Casmurro. São Paulo, Globo, 1997) 

Leia o trecho de Dom Casmurro, de Machado de Assis, para responder a questão.

    Ezequiel, quando começou o capítulo anterior, não era ainda gerado; quando acabou era cristão e católico. Este outro é destinado a fazer chegar o meu Ezequiel aos cinco anos, um rapagão bonito, com os seus olhos claros, já inquietos, como se quisessem namorar todas as moças da vizinhança, ou quase todas.

   Agora, se considerares que ele foi único, que nenhum outro veio, certo nem incerto, morto nem vivo, um só e único, imaginarás os cuidados que nos deu, os sonos que nos tirou, e que sustos nos meteram as crises dos dentes e outras, a menor febrícula, toda a existência comum das crianças. A tudo acudíamos, segundo cumpria e urgia, cousa que não era necessário dizer, mas há leitores tão obtusos, que nada entendem, se lhes não relata tudo e o resto. Vamos ao resto. (Dom Casmurro. São Paulo, Globo, 1997) 

O gráfico a seguir, construído a partir de dados do Ministério do Trabalho, apresenta um perfil de diferentes profissionais no mercado formal brasileiro. Cada ponto é uma profissão, sendo que a posição nos quadrantes indica a idade mediana e gênero dos profissionais, em percentual de mulheres.

(www.nexojornal.com.br. Adaptado)

De acordo com o gráfico, a profissão com mais mulheres de menor idade mediana e a profissão com mais homens de menor idade mediana são, respectivamente,

Uma empresa de componentes eletrônicos precisa fazer uma peça maciça com as seguintes características:

• Formato de um paralelepípedo reto retangular, cujas dimensões são 3 cm, por 5 cm por 8 cm.

• Em uma das faces de maior área, há três furos cilíndricos retos, com 2 cm de diâmetro e 2 cm de profundidade, cada um.

Essa peça é confeccionada em uma única máquina que injeta nylon em um molde que atende as características exigidas. Desconsiderando eventuais desperdícios e utilizando π = 3,1, o volume de nylon utilizado para confeccionar 5000 dessas peças é um valor

Uma empresa de dedetização calcula o valor a ser cobrado por serviço a partir da área do local onde será realizado o trabalho. A seguir, têm-se a planta baixa e as medidas internas de dois imóveis, um apartamento e uma casa, que serão atendidos por essa empresa.

Desconsiderando as repartições internas dos imóveis e dado que as junções das paredes, em ambas as plantas, formam ângulos retos e que a dedetizadora cobra R$ 4,20 por metro quadrado de área, a diferença entre os valores que serão cobrados desses dois imóveis é um valor

O quilograma é a última unidade a depender de um objeto concreto, chamado de Protótipo Internacional do Quilograma, conhecido também como “Le Grand K”, que fica armazenado no Escritório Internacional de Pesos e Medidas. O protótipo remete a um pequeno cilindro composto de uma liga metálica de platina e de irídio.

(http://piaui.folha.uol.com.br. Adaptado)

Dado que a platina e o irídio possuem densidade iguais a 21,45 g/cm3 e 22,65 g/cm3 , respectivamente, e que a quantidade de platina utilizada na composição da liga é 9 vezes a quantidade de irídio, então a densidade da liga metálica do Protótipo Internacional do Quilograma é igual a

O diapasão, instrumento metálico utilizado para auxiliar na afinação de instrumentos musicais e vozes, é também empregado em medicina na avaliação da sensibilidade de pacientes com disfunções neurológicas.

(https://www.3bscientific.com.br/diapasao-de-440-hz-sobre-caixa-de-ressonancia-1002613-u10121,p_437_675.html)

Ao ser golpeado pelo martelo, o diapasão emite ondas sonoras ditas

Devido às obras em uma das faixas de um trecho retilíneo de uma estrada de pista simples, foram colocados, nas extremidades do trecho em obras, semáforos que, de forma intercalada, administram o tráfego, dando vazão ao trânsito dos veículos nos dois sentidos da rodovia. Um motoqueiro, que está a 100 m de um dos semáforos e dirige sua moto com velocidade constante de 15 m/s, observa que a luz do sinal passa de verde para amarela. Sabendo que a luz permanecerá amarela por 5 s, o motoqueiro acelera a moto o suficiente para continuar sua trajetória pela estrada antes que a luz do semáforo mude para vermelha. A velocidade da moto ao atravessar o semáforo será, em m/s, igual a

Cientistas, procurando esclarecer a dinâmica dos universos macro e microscópicos, utilizam instrumentos ópticos como o telescópio e o microscópio.

Dentre outros, há telescópios refletores e refratores e microscópios ópticos e eletrônicos.

Nos telescópios refletores, a objetiva é um espelho