Questões: Centro universitário FAG — com gabarito

I. As indústrias tiveram papel central no crescimento das metrópoles, sobretudo aquelas localizadas no Sudeste.

II. As metrópoles brasileiras tornaram-se lugar da crise urbana, relevada pela precariedade do sistema de transportes e falta de moradia entre outros problemas que afligem a população de baixa renda.

III. No Nordeste, apesar da pobreza rural, a urbanização com industrialização promoveu um aumento no nível de renda dos trabalhadores.

IV. A extensão contínua dos grandes centros urbanos é definida por cidades que balizam regiões de agricultura moderna, como é caso de Ribeirão Preto em São Paulo.

I - A mutação em células germinativas e somáticas é um dos elementos da variabilidade genética. Entretanto, em organismos de reprodução exclusivamente sexuada, a nova condição será compartilhada com a população somente quando ocorrer nas células somáticas.

II - O evolucionismo está fundamentado em evidências, como o registro fóssil, as semelhanças anatômicas e a adaptação ao ambiente.

III - A condição derivada e compartilhada das fanerógamas é a presença de semente, assim como para equinodermata e cordata a condição é a deuterostomia.

I - Pode-se dizer que as proteínas pertencem à classe dos peptídeos porque são polímeros de aminoácidos cujos enlaces entre si são ligações peptídicas

II - Os aminoácidos, compostos de função mista amina e ácido carboxílico, se comportam, sempre, como ácidos de Bronsted-Lowry porque apenas podem doar prótons.

III - Todas as proteínas contêm carbono, hidrogênio, nitrogênio e oxigênio e quase todas contêm enxofre.

IV - As enzimas são proteínas especializadas na catálise das reações biológicas, aumentando ou diminuindo a velocidade de uma reação e participando como reagente ou como produto.

V - Os aminoácidos apresentam, na sua molécula, além do grupo carboxila (-COOH), um grupo amino (-NH2), sendo que a única exceção é a prolina, cujo átomo de nitrogênio é ligado a dois átomos de carbono, caracterizando o grupo imino(-NH-).

Estão corretas as afirmações:

CS2(l) + 3O2(g) ➡︎ CO2(g) + 2SO2(g)

The founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates has said that the international community's efforts to fight hunger and poverty are inefficient and outdated. He said advances made by the digital revolution needed to be harnessed to help the world's poorest farmers more effectively.

Mr Gates said more needs to be done to support poor farmers in South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere. He said there was a lack of coordination between governments, aid donors and the UN's agencies, like the World Food Programme. Mr Gates called for the setting up of what he called a “public score card” system.

This would make it easier to tell how well, or how badly, different countries and agencies were performing in the fight to reduce poverty.

He said the effort to help small farmers also needs to harness the power of advances made in digital technology. In an age when satellites can tell instantly exactly how much wheat is in a field, he said, it was a shame that people were still being sent out with pen, paper and tape measures to try to do the same job.

Mr Gates said that the stakes couldn't be higher for the families of poor farmers. If they don't benefit from the fruits of the digital revolution they will fall far behind. But Mr Gates believes that if they can be connected to some of the latest breakthroughs in science they will have a chance to leapfrog foward.

Language instructors are often frustrated by the fact that students do not automatically ____ (1) the strategies they use when reading in their native language to reading in a language they are learning. Instead, they seem to think reading means starting at the beginning and going word by word, stopping to ____ (2) every unknown vocabulary item, until they reach the end. When they do this, students are relying exclusively on their linguistic knowledge, a ____ (3) strategy. One of the most importante functions of the language instructor, then, is to help students move past this idea and use ____ (4) strategies as they do in their native language.

Effective language instructors show students how they can adjust their reading behavior to deal with a variety of situations, types of input, and reading purposes. They help students develop a set of reading ____ (5) and match appropriate strategies to each reading situation.

Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.

    Quando me perguntam a profissão e eu digo que sou escritor, logo vem outra em cima: de que? De tudo, minha senhora. De tudo, menos de bula.

    Romance, cinema, teatro, televisão, poesia, ensaios, tudo tudo, menos bula! Não que eu não aprecie as bulas. Pelo contrário. Adoro lê-las. E com atenção. E, sempre, depois de ler uma, já começo a sentir todas as "reações adversas".

    Admiro, invejo esse colega que escreve bulas. Fico imaginando a cara dele, como deve ser a sua casa. Que papo tal escrivão deve levar com a mulher e com os vizinhos? Quanto ele ganha por bula? Será que ele leva os obrigatórios dez por cento de direitos autorais? Merecem, são gênios.

    Jamais, numa peça de teatro, num roteiro de um filme ou mesmo numa simples crônica conseguiria a concisão seguinte: "é apresentado sob forma de uma solução isotônica (que lindo!) de cloreto de sódio, que não altera a fisiologia das células da mucosa nasal, em associação com cloreto de benzalcônio". Sabe o que é? O velho e inocente Rinosoro.

    Vejam o texto seguinte e sintam na narrativa como o autor é sádico: "você poderá ter sonolência, fadiga transitória, sensação de inquietação, aumento de apetite, confusão acompanhada de desorientação e alucinações, estado de ansiedade, agitação, distúrbios do sono, mania, hipomania, agressividade, déficit de memória, bocejos, despersonalização, insônia, pesadelos, agravamento da depressão e concentração deficiente. Vertigens, delírios, tremores, distúrbios da fala, convulsões e ataxia". Pronto, tenho que ir ao dicionário ver o que é ataxia. Já sentindo tudo descrito acima. Quem mandou ler?

    E lembre-se sempre: todo medicamento deve ser mantido fora do alcance das crianças. E não tome remédio sem o conhecimento do seu médico. Pode ser perigoso para a sua saúde. E pra cabeça!

PRATA, Mário. Quem escreve as bulas?, 2009. (Adaptado).

Bilingual education in the 21st century must face the complexity brought about by the freer movement of people, services, and goods that characterizes our more globalized and technological world. In the second half of the 20th century, bilingual education grew around the world as a way to educate children who didn't speak the state's language or, in some cases, to recapture the heritage language of a group. This in itself was an innovation over the use of bilingual education only to educate the children of the elite.

In the 21st century, however, the complex and dynamic links created by technology and globalized markets, coupled with the importance of English and other “big” languages, challenge our old conceptions of bilingual education. UNESCO in 1953 declared that it was axiomatic that the child's native language be used to teach children to read, but basic literacy, even in one's own language, is insufficient to be a world citizen in the 21st century.

It has been predicted that by 2050, English will be accompanied by Chinese, Arabic, Spanish and Urdu, as the world's big languages, ordered not only with English at the top as it has been up to now, but with an increasing role for the other four “big” languages. Countries throughout the world are providing options to their children to be schooled in two or more languages. The European Union, for example, has recently adopted a policy of “Mother Tongue + 2” encouraging schools throughout the EU to develop children's trilingual proficiency. For those purposes, a model of teaching is being promoted that encourages the use of the languages other than the child's mother tongue in subject instruction. Ofelia Garcia is Professor of Bilingual Education at Teachers College, Columbia University.

Disponível em:< http://www.educationupdate.com/archives/2004/december/html/Spot-BilingualEducationForThe21stCentury.htm>. 

Text 2 - How to Tell if Your Sunscreen Protects You From the Sun - Here’s what you need to know.

    Don’t go overboard with the SPF. The American Academy of Dermatology recommends using an SPF of at least 30, but most experts agree to not go over 50. It’s not that a higher SPF doesn’t provide any more protection, but once you get above 50, that increase is negligible. Case in point: SPF 50 blocks about 97% of UVB rays, while SPF 100 blocks about 99%.

    But most sunscreen users don’t think about that; rather, they see a number that’s twice as high and assume they’ll get twice as much protection or that the protection will last twice as long, which cultivates a false sense of security that could lead to a bad burn. “SPF values above 50 are really misleading,” Lunder says. “They offer a very small increase in sunburn [UVB] protection, and they don't offer better UVA protection.” She says that the FDA is considering a rule to cap SPF values at 50, but nothing has been finalized.

    And then there’s the fact that, although the increase in SPF doesn’t add much protection, it could increase your chances of negative side effects from the ingredients. “We do not recommend SPF of 50 or higher, as the minimal added protection does not outweigh the exponentially more active ingredients required to do so,” Chris Birchby, the founder of the sun-care line Coola, tells Teen Vogue. “More active ingredients increase the chances of skin irritation.”

http://www.teenvogue.com/story/how-to-tell-if-sunscreen-protects-you-from-the-sun

    (…) Today, the term information has ballooned to encompass many aspects of computing and technology, and the term has become very recognizable. IT professionals perform a variety of duties that range from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may include data management, networking, engineering computer hardware, database and software design, as well as the management and administration of entire systems.

    When computer and communications technologies are combined, the result is information technology, or “infotech”. Information technology is a general term that describes any technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminate information. Presumably, when speaking of Information Technology (IT) as a whole, it is noted that the use of computers and information are associated.

Com Base no Texto 1 responda a questão.

    [...] Black Friday, which has traditionally been the moment to flock to stores for steep discounts, and which has evolved to also include major online sales events for retailers like Amazon, Best Buy and Walmart, is not all that it is billed to be. We asked J. D. Levite, the deals editor of the product recommendations website The Wirecutter, for some data on just how beneficial the deals are on Black Friday – and the answer was not encouraging.

    Year round, Mr. Levite and his team track product prices across the web to unearth discounts on goods of all types, from gadgets to kitchenware. They also look at whether the product is high quality and durable based on their own testing and other reviews, and whether the seller or brand has a reasonable return or warranty policy. By those measures, Mr. Levite said, only about 0.6 percent, or 200 out of the approximately 34,000 deals online, which typically carry the same price tags inside retailers’ physical stores, will be good ones on Black Friday. “There are just more deals on that day than any other day of the year,” he said. “But for the most part, the deals aren’t anything better than what you’d see throughout the rest of the year.” [...]

Facebook is a social networking service and Web site launched in February 2004, operated and privately owned by Facebook, Inc. As of July 2011, Facebook has more than 800 million active users. Users must register before using the site, after which they may create a personal profile, add other users as friends, and exchange messages, including automatic notifications when they update their profile. Additionally, users may join common-interest user groups, organized by workplace, school or college, or other characteristics, and categorize their friends into lists such as "People From Work" or "Really Good Friends". The name of the service stems from the colloquial name for the book given to students at the start of the academic year by some university administrations in the United States to help students get to know each other. Facebook allows any users who declare themselves to be at least 13 years old to become registered users of the site.

Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roommates and fellow computer science students Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes. The Web site's membership was initially limited by the founders to Harvard students, but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston area, the Ivy League, and Stanford University. It gradually added support for students at various other universities before opening to high school students, and eventually to anyone aged 13 and over. However, based on ConsumersReports.org on May 2011, there are 7.5 million children under 13 with accounts, violating the site's terms of service.

A January 2009 Compete.com study ranked Facebook as the most used social networking service by worldwide monthly active users, followed by MySpace. Entertainment Weekly included the site on its end-of-thedecade "best-of" list, saying, "How on earth did we stalk our exes, remember our co-workers' birthdays, bug our friends, and play a rousing game of Scrabulous before Facebook?" Quantcast estimates Facebook has 138.9 million monthly unique U.S. visitors in May 2011. According to Social Media Today, in April 2010 an estimated 41.6% of the U.S. population had a Facebook account. Nevertheless, Facebook's Market growth started to stall in some regions, with the site losing 7 million active users in the United States and Canada in May 2011.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

I. Facebook is a website created merely for chatting.

II. Everyone is allowed to have an account according to the site´s terms of service.

III. The website is actively growing in North America.

IV. Facebook was created by a Harvard student.