Prova de 2023: Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) — questões com gabarito

Qual é a proposição correta com relação ao processo de diagonalização de matrizes?

Um tanque rígido contém 1 kg de gás carbônico (CO₂) puro a 1000 K e 1000 kPa. O gás é resfriado até 300 K. Assinale a alternativa com os respectivos valores da transferência calor “Q” e da variação de entropia “∆s” ocorridas nesse processo, considerando comportamento de gás ideal e as seguintes propriedades: constante do gás: R_CO2 = 0,1889 kJ⋅kg^-1⋅K^-1, calor específico a volume constante: Cv0 = 0,653 kJ⋅kg^-1⋅K^-1 e calor específico a pressão constante: C_p0 = 0,842 kJ⋅kg^-1⋅K^-1. 

A velocidade de uma partícula de 1 kg é dada por    onde       é expresso em metros por segundo e o tempo t é dado em segundos. Qual é o módulo da força resultante que age sobre a partícula quando t = 1 segundo?

A análise ambiental e ecológica deve sempre levar em consideração as escalas espaciais, temporais e o tipo de bioma em que o contexto ou estudo está inserido. Nesse contexto, o conceito de biomas que são conjuntos de ecossistemas em escala espacial ampla de paisagem com características similares em termos de plantas, animais e interações ecológicas, sendo influenciados e moldados por diversos fatores climatológicos, geológicos e evolucionários que estão relacionados com a diversidade e funções dos mesmos. Considerando os argumentos citados para um contexto nacional segundo dados do IBGE e MMA, assinale a alternativa correta.  

Os naturalistas Charles Darwin e Alfred R. Wallace foram, de forma independente, porém alinhada, os principais responsáveis por coletar e concatenar evidências empíricas observacionais sobre variações de populações e espécies de organismos e também de as organizar em ideias lógicas sobre variações, diferenças e semelhanças. Essas ideias e informações deram fundamentos basais para a explicação sobre diversos fenômenos ecológicos de evolução e o fundamento da teoria da origem das espécies pelo mecanismo de seleção natural. A evolução por seleção natural é um processo que ocorre em diversas escalas espaciais, temporais e ecológicas. Considerando essas afirmações, assinale a alternativa que contém um conceito ecológico de nível populacional diretamente relacionado com esses fenômenos e mecanismos ecológicos de seleção natural, evolução e especiação acima citados.  

Dada a matriz B = [1 0 0; 2 1 0; 5 4 1] e o vetor coluna b = [1; 2; 3], assinale a alternativa correta. 

Uma força F = 1i + 2xj N atua no plano sobre uma partícula que se desloca em linha reta do ponto A = (2,1) m até B = (4,3) m. O trabalho da força é:

Uma partícula descreve um movimento em um círculo do plano xy centrado na origem e com raio R = 1 m segundo

θ(t) = π (t/T)2

onde t é o tempo, T = 1 s, e θ(t) é o ângulo em radianos formado pelo vetor posição da partícula com o eixo do x. O vetor aceleração da partícula em t = 2 s é:

Numere os conceitos na coluna da direita de acordo com suas correspondentes categorias sociológicas na coluna da esquerda.

1. Análise sincrônica da sociedade.

2. Estatuto, estrutura, regras, aparato material.

3. Fato social, anomia, consciência coletiva.

4. Dialética, mais-valia, força de trabalho, ideologia.

5. Tipo ideal, burocracia, patrimonialismo, carisma.

( ) Conceitos marxistas.

( ) Conceitos criados por Durkheim.

( ) Conceitos do funcionalismo.

( ) Conceitos weberianos.

( ) Estruturalismo.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a numeração correta na coluna da direita, de cima para baixo.  

O texto a seguir é referência para a questão.

The position of the English language in the world has recently underwent an enormous shift. Much literature has been written about what English as an International Language (EIL) actually is (e.g. Alsagoff et al., 2012; Matsuda, 2003; McKay and Brown, 2016; Sharifian, 2009), ranging from a view of EIL as the many varieties of English that are spoken today to the use of English by second language speakers of English. Thus, EIL is viewed both as a type of English and as a way of using English (Cameron & Galloway, 2019). 

In addition, the global spread of English has altered its status from being a homogeneous and standard language spoken by a few powerful countries into an international language or lingua franca spoken by a wide variety of speakers around the world (Llurda, 2004; Galloway & Rose, 2017). Crystal (1997) stated that “if there is one predictable consequence of globalization of a language, it is that nobody owns it anymore” (p. 2). Various studies (e.g. Llurda, 2017; Marlina, 2018; Schuttz, 2019) have widely argued that English does not belong only to native-speaking communities because the number of people who currently speak English as a second/foreign language exceeds that of native English speakers. Seidlhofer (2003) asserted that “English is being shaped at least as much by its nonnative speakers as by its native speakers” (p. 339).

Disponível em: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1234483.pdf. Acesso em 28 jun. 2023. 

Dentre as expressões em negrito no texto, assinale a alternativa que apresenta aquela que tem como função somar uma ideia ao que já foi posto.  

O texto a seguir é referência para a questão.

The position of the English language in the world has recently underwent an enormous shift. Much literature has been written about what English as an International Language (EIL) actually is (e.g. Alsagoff et al., 2012; Matsuda, 2003; McKay and Brown, 2016; Sharifian, 2009), ranging from a view of EIL as the many varieties of English that are spoken today to the use of English by second language speakers of English. Thus, EIL is viewed both as a type of English and as a way of using English (Cameron & Galloway, 2019). 

In addition, the global spread of English has altered its status from being a homogeneous and standard language spoken by a few powerful countries into an international language or lingua franca spoken by a wide variety of speakers around the world (Llurda, 2004; Galloway & Rose, 2017). Crystal (1997) stated that “if there is one predictable consequence of globalization of a language, it is that nobody owns it anymore” (p. 2). Various studies (e.g. Llurda, 2017; Marlina, 2018; Schuttz, 2019) have widely argued that English does not belong only to native-speaking communities because the number of people who currently speak English as a second/foreign language exceeds that of native English speakers. Seidlhofer (2003) asserted that “English is being shaped at least as much by its nonnative speakers as by its native speakers” (p. 339).

Disponível em: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1234483.pdf. Acesso em 28 jun. 2023. 

Considerando as informações apresentadas, assinale a alternativa correta. 

O texto a seguir é referência para a questão.

As a small business, there can be a lot of pressure to ensure a product launch goes well. Sometimes the fortunes of the business are directly linked to the successful launch of a new product or service. This can put a lot of pressure on a communications team tasked with getting maximum reach and reward ahead of a launch. In the automotive industry, there’s a long and dubious history behind the protracted teaser campaign. A ‘leak’ is almost always written with inverted commas. And leading publications have a rendering specialist on hand to stitch teased images together into the final product, usually with mixed results. Behind the teaser is the need for the brand to maximize conversation and reach through social engagement. The reality is, some industries are more open to a teaser than others. But the industries that are open to a good teaser campaign may surprise you. Cars, motorcycles, video games, books, films are all pretty obvious candidates for a half decent teaser campaign. How many of us have stayed past the credits at the end of a Marvel film just to see the teaser for the next film? (The Deadpool teaser is still one of my favorites.) You may ask, what do all of these teaser campaigns have in common? The answer is, they have dedicated fans that lap up the intimate details and enjoy the tease that only drip-fed information provides. So if your industry has fans who eagerly await every announcement, no matter how small, then chances are a teaser campaign will work well for your brand. From the outside looking in, some of these teaser campaigns look chaotic. But that’s not the case at all.

Choose the information that can be found in the text: 

O texto a seguir é referência para a questão.

As a small business, there can be a lot of pressure to ensure a product launch goes well. Sometimes the fortunes of the business are directly linked to the successful launch of a new product or service. This can put a lot of pressure on a communications team tasked with getting maximum reach and reward ahead of a launch. In the automotive industry, there’s a long and dubious history behind the protracted teaser campaign. A ‘leak’ is almost always written with inverted commas. And leading publications have a rendering specialist on hand to stitch teased images together into the final product, usually with mixed results. Behind the teaser is the need for the brand to maximize conversation and reach through social engagement. The reality is, some industries are more open to a teaser than others. But the industries that are open to a good teaser campaign may surprise you. Cars, motorcycles, video games, books, films are all pretty obvious candidates for a half decent teaser campaign. How many of us have stayed past the credits at the end of a Marvel film just to see the teaser for the next film? (The Deadpool teaser is still one of my favorites.) You may ask, what do all of these teaser campaigns have in common? The answer is, they have dedicated fans that lap up the intimate details and enjoy the tease that only drip-fed information provides. So if your industry has fans who eagerly await every announcement, no matter how small, then chances are a teaser campaign will work well for your brand. From the outside looking in, some of these teaser campaigns look chaotic. But that’s not the case at all.

According to the text, we can infer that: 

Uma raiz qualquer de eudicotiledônea, ao final do crescimento primário, apresenta a seguinte organização anatômica de fora para dentro: 

Sobre as funções da raiz, assinale a alternativa INCORRETA. 

Sobre fruto e semente, assinale a alternativa correta.