Prova de 2022: Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) — questões com gabarito

Examine o gráfico e o mapa e leia o texto para responder à questão.

In March 2022, parts of Antarctica have been 40 ºC warmer than their March average

    The Concordia research station is one of the most inhospitable places on Earth. At 3,000m above sea level on the Antarctic Plateau, the temperature rarely rises above -25 ºC even in the summer. In midwinter it can fall to around -80 ºC. The air is painfully dry, and fingers, toes and noses can freeze in minutes. The dozen or so crew, mainly French and Italian, who live and work in the station would normally venture out only for essential work. But Concordia has recently experienced a heatwave. On March 18th the temperature reached a high of -11.8 ºC — more than 40 ºC warmer than the average for this time of year.

    Similarly freakish weather was recorded across eastern Antarctica. Temperatures at the Russian-run Vostok research station rose to -17.7 ºC, more than 15 ºC above the previous record for March, set in 1967. Across the continent temperatures were 4.5 ºC higher than usual (though in recent days they have returned to a normal range).

    Meteorologists have attributed the latest heatwave to an atmospheric “river” of warm, damp air blowing towards Antarctica from the Southern Ocean near Australia. It is difficult to know whether climate change is to blame for one-off weather events. But over the past 65 years or so there has been an increase in the number of “high temperature” days at Antarctic stations.

    Most regions of Antarctica have been spared global warming. In the late 20th century, a large hole opened up in the ozone layer above the South Pole. This has a regional cooling effect, which has offset much of the heating caused by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Temperatures on the continent rarely climb above freezing, which preserves its vast ice sheets (although rising sea temperatures do threaten some areas). Even in the recent surge, temperatures stayed well below zero.

(www.economist.com, 24.03.2022. Adaptado.)

According to the third paragraph, meteorologists associate the high temperature wave in Antarctica with

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World’s happiest ranking goes to Finland for fifth year in a row

    Finland was crowned the happiest country in the world for the fifth consecutive year, with a score significantly ahead of its peers in the World Happiness Report 2022 ranking, published by a body linked to the United Nations. However, the authors detected, on average, a long-term moderate upward trend in stress, worry, and sadness in most countries, as well as “a slight long-term decline in the enjoyment of life,” they wrote.

    The report uses global survey data to report on how people evaluate their own lives in more than 150 countries around the world, with the ranking based on a three-year average. Key variables that contribute to explaining people’s life evaluations include healthy life expectancy, generosity, social support, freedom to make life choices, perceptions of corruption, and the gross domestic product per capita (an indicator that measures a country’s economic output per person, that is calculated by dividing the total gross domestic product of a country by its population).

    “World leaders should take heed,” Jeffrey Sachs, director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University, said. “Politics should be directed as the great sages long ago insisted: to the well-being of the people, not the power of the rulers.”

(Kati Pohjanpalo. www.bloomberg.com, 18.03.2022. Adaptado.)

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World’s happiest ranking goes to Finland for fifth year in a row

    Finland was crowned the happiest country in the world for the fifth consecutive year, with a score significantly ahead of its peers in the World Happiness Report 2022 ranking, published by a body linked to the United Nations. However, the authors detected, on average, a long-term moderate upward trend in stress, worry, and sadness in most countries, as well as “a slight long-term decline in the enjoyment of life,” they wrote.

    The report uses global survey data to report on how people evaluate their own lives in more than 150 countries around the world, with the ranking based on a three-year average. Key variables that contribute to explaining people’s life evaluations include healthy life expectancy, generosity, social support, freedom to make life choices, perceptions of corruption, and the gross domestic product per capita (an indicator that measures a country’s economic output per person, that is calculated by dividing the total gross domestic product of a country by its population).

    “World leaders should take heed,” Jeffrey Sachs, director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University, said. “Politics should be directed as the great sages long ago insisted: to the well-being of the people, not the power of the rulers.”

(Kati Pohjanpalo. www.bloomberg.com, 18.03.2022. Adaptado.)

De acordo com o texto, uma das variáveis que ajuda a interpretar as avaliações das pessoas sobre a sua própria vida é o 

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World’s happiest ranking goes to Finland for fifth year in a row

    Finland was crowned the happiest country in the world for the fifth consecutive year, with a score significantly ahead of its peers in the World Happiness Report 2022 ranking, published by a body linked to the United Nations. However, the authors detected, on average, a long-term moderate upward trend in stress, worry, and sadness in most countries, as well as “a slight long-term decline in the enjoyment of life,” they wrote.

    The report uses global survey data to report on how people evaluate their own lives in more than 150 countries around the world, with the ranking based on a three-year average. Key variables that contribute to explaining people’s life evaluations include healthy life expectancy, generosity, social support, freedom to make life choices, perceptions of corruption, and the gross domestic product per capita (an indicator that measures a country’s economic output per person, that is calculated by dividing the total gross domestic product of a country by its population).

    “World leaders should take heed,” Jeffrey Sachs, director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University, said. “Politics should be directed as the great sages long ago insisted: to the well-being of the people, not the power of the rulers.”

(Kati Pohjanpalo. www.bloomberg.com, 18.03.2022. Adaptado.)

No trecho do terceiro parágrafo ‘“World leaders should take heed”’, a expressão sublinhada pode ser substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por

Leia o poema “Pneumotórax”, do poeta Manuel Bandeira (1886-1968).

Febre, hemoptise, dispneia e suores noturnos.

A vida inteira que podia ter sido e que não foi.

Tosse, tosse, tosse.

Mandou chamar o médico:

— Diga trinta e três.

— Trinta e três… trinta e três… trinta e três…

— Respire.

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— O senhor tem uma escavação no pulmão esquerdo e o [pulmão direito infiltrado.

— Então, doutor, não é possível tentar o pneumotórax?

— Não. A única coisa a fazer é tocar um tango argentino.

(Manuel Bandeira. Estrela da vida inteira, 1993.)

No poema, o poeta aborda,

Considere o trecho da notícia veiculada no Reino Unido.

    A YouGov survey of more than 16,000 adults found that of the 40% of people who asked for a pay rise, just over a quarter succeeded.

(www.theguardian.com, 03.04.2022.)

De acordo com os dados da notícia, do total de entrevistados, aqueles que conseguiram aumento salarial representam