Prova de 2016: Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG) — questões com gabarito

“Uma sociedade de bem-estar social teria sem dúvida distribuído alguns destes vastos acúmulos para fins sociais. Na Inglaterra do período de 1780 a 1840 nada era menos provável. Virtualmente livre de impostos, as classes médias continuaram a acumular em meio a um populacho faminto, cuja fome era o reverso daquela acumulação.”

(HOBSBAWM, Eric. A Era das Revoluções: Europa, 1789-1848. Tradução de Maria Tereza Lopes Teixeira e Marcos Penchel. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 1977, p. 75).

Em resposta às transformações acima salientadas, os trabalhadores organizaram-se para lutar por seus direitos, formando

Os números 258 e 179 têm seus algarismos escritos em ordem crescente. Os números 558 e 496 não têm seus algarismos escritos em ordem crescente. Quantos são os números de três algarismos no qual esses algarismos aparecem em ordem crescente?

I - É um álcool insaturado.

II- É um isômero cis-trans.

III- Apresenta 18 hidrogênios.

IV- Apresenta 3 ramificações.

O número de afirmação(ões) correta(s) é igual a

Uma mistura formada por água, CCl4 e sal de cozinha (NaCl) passou por dois processos físicos com o objetivo de separar todos os seus componentes.

Considere o fluxograma e as afirmações sobre as características dos referidos processos:

Uma reação química hipotética é representada pela seguinte equação:

A(g) + B(g) → C(g) + D(g) e ocorre em duas etapas:

A(g) → E(g) + D(g) (Etapa lenta)

E(g) + B(g) → C(g) (Etapa rápida)

A lei da velocidade da reação pode ser dada por

O Diesel S-10 foi lançado em 2013 e teve por objetivo diminuir a emissão de dióxido de enxofre na atmosfera, um dos principais causadores da chuva ácida. O termo S-10 significa que, para cada quilograma de Diesel, o teor de enxofre é de 10 mg. Considere que o enxofre presente no Diesel S-10 esteja na forma do alótropo S8 e que, ao sofrer combustão, forme apenas dióxido de enxofre.

O número de mols de dióxido de enxofre, formado a partir da combustão de 1000L de Diesel S-10, é, aproximadamente,

Dado: Densidade do Diesel S-10 = 0,8 kg/L

O procedimento cotidiano adequado para se retardar o amadurecimento de um mamão é

Analise o heredograma sobre a herança da distrofia muscular de Duchenne, uma doença degenerativa, determinada por gene recessivo, ligado ao cromossomo X representado a seguir. Os indivíduos I.1 e II.1 são afetados pela herança.

Analise a representação gráfica do ciclo ovariano regular de 28 dias, mostrado a seguir.

Analise o esquema, a seguir, que representa as três etapas de um processo metabólico energético.

Uma nova técnica de fertilização auxiliou no nascimento de um bebê, gerado por três pessoas, segundo a revista científica “New Scientist”. O menino, hoje com cinco meses, tem o DNA do pai e o da mãe, somados à pequena parte do código genético de uma terceira pessoa. Médicos americanos deram um passo, sem precedentes, para evitar que o bebê tivesse a doença genética, denominada síndrome de Leigh, determinada por genes mitocondriais, e que teria consequências fatais ao atacar seu sistema nervoso central. Especialistas dizem que a técnica pode inaugurar uma nova era da Medicina ao possibilitar que famílias evitem que seus descendentes sofram de determinadas doenças genéticas.

Disponível em:< http://www.bbc.com/portuguese/geral-37476702> Acesso 01 Out 2016.

A técnica desse procedimento utilizou

A planta, a seguir, chama-se Euphorbia obesa e se assemelha muito a um cactus, mas não pertence a essa família de plantas. Porém, assim como os cactus, são encontradas em regiões secas e com insolação abundante.

TEIXEIRA, Wilson et al. (Orgs.). Decifrando a Terra. 2. ed. São Paulo: Cia Editora Nacional, 2009. p. 451.

Sobre o uso dos recursos hídricos pelas diversas atividades humanas, é correto afirmar que

SIMIELLI, Maria Elena. Geoatlas. São Paulo: Ática, 2013. p. 9. Adaptado.

O objetivo da elaboração dessa representação cartográfica é mostrar

ROSS, Jurandyr (Org.). Geografia do Brasil. São Paulo: Edusp, 2000. p. 178. Adaptado.

Sobre as formações vegetais, indicadas no mapa do Brasil pelas letras A e B, afirma-se:

I- A formação A é caracterizada pela presença de árvores, geralmente tortuosas e espaçadas, com pluviosidade média acima de 3000 mm anuais.

II- O tipo vegetacional B está assentado em solos de baixa fertilidade, relacionada aos volumes reduzidos de precipitação, normalmente concentrados no verão.

III- A vegetação A tem sofrido redução da sua área de cobertura em função do avanço dos projetos de monoculturas de soja e pastagens.

IV- Em B, encontram-se espécies com elementos de adaptação à escassez de pluviosidade, como revestimento dos tecidos, folhas grossas, folhas miúdas e em formato de espinho.

São corretas apenas as afirmativas

Sobre a Questão da Geopolítica mundial, afirma-se:

I- Atualmente, verificam-se práticas de terrorismo internacional como formas de contestação do poder do mundo Ocidental.

II- A criação do Sudão do Sul teve como origem a guerra entre os Estados Chade e Sudão no século XXI.

III- As atividades ilícitas em rede, ampliadas pela globalização, ameaçam a soberania dos Estados-nação.

IV- O Estado Palestino mantém sua autonomia sobre a totalidade das regiões da Cisjordânia e da Faixa de Gaza.

Estão corretas apenas as afirmativas

How a young student’s innovative idea hopes to boost response times for EMTs

By Woody Brown on June 1, 2015

    Drones have been at the forefront of the national conversation for years now. As the components needed to create them grow smaller and more affordable, many companies and organizations have started exploring the potential that drones could have to improve our daily lives. Whether by delivering a product with unprecedented speed or taking photographs and video from new heights, drones have many capabilities, most of which we have yet to discover. One young man, however, has envisioned a new way to use drones that could save thousands of lives.

    One of the greatest obstacles facing first responders and emergency medical technicians [EMTs] when it comes to the difficult business of saving lives is time. Think of your daily commute: people in the United States spend an average of 25.5 minutes traveling one-way to work every day. In bumperto-bumper traffic, blaring sirens and flashing lights are often not enough to clear a fast path for an ambulance to reach someone in need. During cardiac arrest, there are, at most, a few minutes to save a person’s life. After that, the mortality rate rises steeply. With stakes this high, every second counts.

    Alec Momont, a graduate student in engineering at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, recognized this problem and saw a way to significantly reduce deaths that result from delayed emergency care. What if ambulances could fly? Or rather, what if we could make a drone that functioned like a stripped-down, lightweight automatic external defibrillator [AED]? AEDs, which can be found in schools, sports arenas and many government buildings, are significantly more effective than cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR] at preventing fatalities resulting from cardiac arrest. CPR can be helpful, but an AED is better, and very few people have AEDs in their cars or homes.

    As his master’s degree project, Momont built a prototype of this lifesaving drone. It contained an AED, a microphone and speakers. The average travel time, according to him, could be cut by 90 percent. Here’s how it works: In the event of cardiac arrest, a paramedic would respond to a call by flying the drone at a speed of 60 mph to the scene of the emergency. The paramedic would then give instructions to someone near the victim, who would position the AED. Once in place, the AED would operate automatically. The paramedic would be able to see through the camera whether or not the pads on the AED have been correctly positioned, and how the victim responds.

    A dramatized video released by Momont’s university demonstrates all of this functionality. In it, a young woman calls emergency services in a panic because her father has had a heart attack. A calm-voiced EMT answers and guides her through the surprisingly simple process of finding and using the drone. Fewer than two minutes after she makes the call, her father sits up and hugs her.

    The ambulance drone can increase the chances of surviving cardiac arrest from eight percent to 80 percent, Momont says in the video. The drone’s ability to travel as the crow flies frees it from infrastructural limitations that currently impede road-bound ambulances. “Using advanced production techniques such as 3D printed microstructures and carbon fiber frame construction, we were able to achieve a very lightweight design,” Momont says. “The result is an integrated solution that is clear in its orientation and friendly in appearance.”

    Momont’s aim is to rapidly expand the existing framework of emergency services by constructing many of these drones over the next five years. Expenses are low: each drone is relatively cheap to make, about $18,600. By comparison, a typical ambulance costs more than $100,000, and a ride in one usually costs more than $1,000.

    The ambulance drones can even fly autonomously (though legislation in many countries does not permit this yet). Several emergency service providers have already expressed interest. If the technology continues to receive financial support from other parties in the healthcare industry, Momont’s dream could very easily become a reality.

    We live in a world where drones have, so far, been used mostly in armed conflict. Momont, however, has a different vision. In the near future that he describes, tens of thousands of needless deaths will be prevented with his ingenious invention. That is certainly welcome news, especially in the United States, which deals with skyrocketing numbers of heart-related ailments and disabilities. “Let’s use drones for a good purpose,” Momont says. “Let us use drones to save lives.”

Adapted from: <http://www.verizonwireless.com/news/article/2015/05/ambulance-dronescould-save-thousands-of-lives.html>. Access on: 03 Oct. 2016.

The word which is used as a modifier in the correspondent paragraphs is

How a young student’s innovative idea hopes to boost response times for EMTs

By Woody Brown on June 1, 2015

    Drones have been at the forefront of the national conversation for years now. As the components needed to create them grow smaller and more affordable, many companies and organizations have started exploring the potential that drones could have to improve our daily lives. Whether by delivering a product with unprecedented speed or taking photographs and video from new heights, drones have many capabilities, most of which we have yet to discover. One young man, however, has envisioned a new way to use drones that could save thousands of lives.

    One of the greatest obstacles facing first responders and emergency medical technicians [EMTs] when it comes to the difficult business of saving lives is time. Think of your daily commute: people in the United States spend an average of 25.5 minutes traveling one-way to work every day. In bumperto-bumper traffic, blaring sirens and flashing lights are often not enough to clear a fast path for an ambulance to reach someone in need. During cardiac arrest, there are, at most, a few minutes to save a person’s life. After that, the mortality rate rises steeply. With stakes this high, every second counts.

    Alec Momont, a graduate student in engineering at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, recognized this problem and saw a way to significantly reduce deaths that result from delayed emergency care. What if ambulances could fly? Or rather, what if we could make a drone that functioned like a stripped-down, lightweight automatic external defibrillator [AED]? AEDs, which can be found in schools, sports arenas and many government buildings, are significantly more effective than cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR] at preventing fatalities resulting from cardiac arrest. CPR can be helpful, but an AED is better, and very few people have AEDs in their cars or homes.

    As his master’s degree project, Momont built a prototype of this lifesaving drone. It contained an AED, a microphone and speakers. The average travel time, according to him, could be cut by 90 percent. Here’s how it works: In the event of cardiac arrest, a paramedic would respond to a call by flying the drone at a speed of 60 mph to the scene of the emergency. The paramedic would then give instructions to someone near the victim, who would position the AED. Once in place, the AED would operate automatically. The paramedic would be able to see through the camera whether or not the pads on the AED have been correctly positioned, and how the victim responds.

    A dramatized video released by Momont’s university demonstrates all of this functionality. In it, a young woman calls emergency services in a panic because her father has had a heart attack. A calm-voiced EMT answers and guides her through the surprisingly simple process of finding and using the drone. Fewer than two minutes after she makes the call, her father sits up and hugs her.

    The ambulance drone can increase the chances of surviving cardiac arrest from eight percent to 80 percent, Momont says in the video. The drone’s ability to travel as the crow flies frees it from infrastructural limitations that currently impede road-bound ambulances. “Using advanced production techniques such as 3D printed microstructures and carbon fiber frame construction, we were able to achieve a very lightweight design,” Momont says. “The result is an integrated solution that is clear in its orientation and friendly in appearance.”

    Momont’s aim is to rapidly expand the existing framework of emergency services by constructing many of these drones over the next five years. Expenses are low: each drone is relatively cheap to make, about $18,600. By comparison, a typical ambulance costs more than $100,000, and a ride in one usually costs more than $1,000.

    The ambulance drones can even fly autonomously (though legislation in many countries does not permit this yet). Several emergency service providers have already expressed interest. If the technology continues to receive financial support from other parties in the healthcare industry, Momont’s dream could very easily become a reality.

    We live in a world where drones have, so far, been used mostly in armed conflict. Momont, however, has a different vision. In the near future that he describes, tens of thousands of needless deaths will be prevented with his ingenious invention. That is certainly welcome news, especially in the United States, which deals with skyrocketing numbers of heart-related ailments and disabilities. “Let’s use drones for a good purpose,” Momont says. “Let us use drones to save lives.”

Adapted from: <http://www.verizonwireless.com/news/article/2015/05/ambulance-dronescould-save-thousands-of-lives.html>. Access on: 03 Oct. 2016.

Mark T (true) and F (false) for the correlations between pronouns and their referents in the text.

a) ( ) it (paragraph 5) – video.

b) ( ) who (paragraph 4) – victim.

c) ( ) them (paragraph 1) – drones.

d) ( ) which (paragraph 1) – capabilities.

The correct sequence is