Prova de 2018: Centro de Educação Superior a Distância do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (CEDERJ) — questões com gabarito

Analise o texto a seguir:

Um solo é considerado degradado quando para de exercer parte de suas funções, tais como nutrir plantas, filtrar a água ou abrigar a biodiversidade. Algumas formas principais de degradação são acentuadas pela ação humana. Uma dessas formas afeta principalmente as zonas peridesérticas, como as grandes planícies dos Estados Unidos, a orla do Sahel e os planaltos do norte da China. Nesse caso, a terra cultivada se solta mais facilmente e é removida de seu local original por força de um agente natural.

Desgaste atinge metade dos solos cultiváveis. Atlas do Meio Ambiente. Le Monde Diplomatique Brasil, 1996, p. 16. Adaptado.

A forma de degradação do solo mencionada é denominada:

Um aquário contém uma quantidade fixa de água e a pressão que ela exerce no fundo do mesmo é P. Alternadamente, dois objetos distintos, de mesmo volume, porém de massas distintas, são colocados dentro do aquário sem derramar água. O primeiro objeto flutua na água, com apenas uma parte do seu volume submerso. Entretanto, quando o segundo objeto é inserido, ele submerge completamente. As respectivas pressões exercidas pela água no fundo do aquário em cada um dos casos são denotadas por P1 e P2.

As comparações entre P1 , P2 e P são:

A lista a seguir descreve algumas características de um determinado grupo de plantas que são comuns em regiões de climas frio e temperado:

I São terrestres e podem ser árvores ou arbustos.

II Possuem folhas férteis, além de caule, raiz e flores.

III As sementes são nuas e não são formadas em um ovário fechado.

IV A fecundação ocorre sem a necessidade de água para o deslocamento do gameta masculino.

V Produzem grãos de pólen para o processo reprodutivo.

O grupo das plantas com todas as características informadas é o das

"O aplauso da imprensa americana reavivou o desejo expresso por Gomes nos anos 50..." (linhas 32-33)

O vocábulo sublinhado no enunciado acima se formou pelo processo de derivação

                  So You Want to Be a Space Tourist? Here Are Your Options

by Adam Mann / Jul.21.2017 /11:30 AM ET

      Though we’ve been living in the Space Age for more than half a century, going into space remains an extreme rarity. Fewer than 600 people have gone above the Kármán line — the point, about 62 miles above Earth, that marks the beginning of space — and all were put there by the U.S. or another nation's government.

      But the rise of private spaceflight companies like Virgin Galactic and Space X means that the final frontier may soon be within reach of a great many more of us. The firms have announced plans to put private astronauts, a.k.a. space tourists, on orbital or suborbital flights within the next few years.

      Initially, the cost of a ride on one of these rockets will be hundreds of thousands of dollars at a minimum. That puts the experience within reach of only the wealthiest people. But advances in rocket and capsule design are expected to lower the price to the point that people of more modest fortunes are able to afford a ticket.

      Some projections put the global space tourism market at approximately $34 billion by 2021.

                           What Space Tourists Can Expect

      What exactly is in store for space tourists? The excitement of a rocket ride and a chance to experience weightlessness, for starters. And the bragging rights are hard to beat. But some say the biggest benefit of going into space is getting a dramatic new outlook on life on the fragile blue marble we call home. It’s a perspective shift that could have profound implications not just for individuals but also for society at large.

      “I personally believe the planetary perspective is going to be crucial to solving humanity’s biggest challenges over the next century,” says Virgin Galactic CEO George Whitesides. “I’m inspired that we’ll take people up so they can experience that view, which is said to change your world view in a fundamental way.”

Adapted from: https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/so-you-want-be-space-tourist-here-are-your-options-ncna784166

Glossary

weightlessness: ausência de peso; bragging rights: direito de gabar-se; to afford: poder comprar.

                  So You Want to Be a Space Tourist? Here Are Your Options

by Adam Mann / Jul.21.2017 /11:30 AM ET

      Though we’ve been living in the Space Age for more than half a century, going into space remains an extreme rarity. Fewer than 600 people have gone above the Kármán line — the point, about 62 miles above Earth, that marks the beginning of space — and all were put there by the U.S. or another nation's government.

      But the rise of private spaceflight companies like Virgin Galactic and Space X means that the final frontier may soon be within reach of a great many more of us. The firms have announced plans to put private astronauts, a.k.a. space tourists, on orbital or suborbital flights within the next few years.

      Initially, the cost of a ride on one of these rockets will be hundreds of thousands of dollars at a minimum. That puts the experience within reach of only the wealthiest people. But advances in rocket and capsule design are expected to lower the price to the point that people of more modest fortunes are able to afford a ticket.

      Some projections put the global space tourism market at approximately $34 billion by 2021.

                           What Space Tourists Can Expect

      What exactly is in store for space tourists? The excitement of a rocket ride and a chance to experience weightlessness, for starters. And the bragging rights are hard to beat. But some say the biggest benefit of going into space is getting a dramatic new outlook on life on the fragile blue marble we call home. It’s a perspective shift that could have profound implications not just for individuals but also for society at large.

      “I personally believe the planetary perspective is going to be crucial to solving humanity’s biggest challenges over the next century,” says Virgin Galactic CEO George Whitesides. “I’m inspired that we’ll take people up so they can experience that view, which is said to change your world view in a fundamental way.”

Adapted from: https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/so-you-want-be-space-tourist-here-are-your-options-ncna784166

Glossary

weightlessness: ausência de peso; bragging rights: direito de gabar-se; to afford: poder comprar.