Prova de 2017: Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Fluminense (IFF) — questões com gabarito

Irma and Harvey lay the costs of climate change denial at Trump’s door

The president’s dismissal of scientific research is doing nothing to protect the livelihoods of ordinary Americans. 

Bob Ward - Sunday 10 September 2017 

As the US comes to terms with its second major weather disaster within a month, an important question is whether the devastation caused by hurricanes Harvey and Irma will convince Donald Trump and his administration of the reality of climate change. 

The president’s luxurious Mar-a-Lago estate in Florida may escape Irma’s wrath, but with the deaths of so many Americans, and billions of dollars in damage to homes and businesses, the costs of climate change denial are beginning to pile up at the door of the White House. 

Just days before Harvey formed in the Atlantic last month, Trump signed an executive order to overturn a policy, introduced by his predecessor Barack Obama, to help American communities and businesses become more resilient against the risks of flooding, which are rising because of climate change. 

But the merciless assault on the US mainland by Harvey and Irma should be forcing the president to recognise the consequences of his arrogance and complacency in dismissing the research and analysis carried out by scientists. 

The flooded streets of Houston and the wind-ravaged homes of south Florida bear the unmistakable fingerprint of extreme weather made worse by manmade greenhouse gas emissions. 

A hurricane is a huge, rotating cluster of thunderstorms that forms above a sea surface that has a temperature of at least 26.5C. It is like a giant engine, transferring heat from the sea surface up into the atmosphere and generating strong winds and heavy rain in the process.

Climate change cannot be blamed for the hurricane count in any single season, nor for the occurrence of any single storm, but there are some ways in which it is making the consequences worse. 

Adapted from: <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/10/hurricane-irma-harvey-climate-change-trump>. Acesso em: 17 set 2017. 

TEXTO II

Descoberta da Literatura 

MELO NETO, João Cabral de. A escola das facas e Auto do frade. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2008.

1. guenzo¹: Expressão nordestina que significa pessoa ou animal magro e doente; capenga, caindo aos pedaços. 2. cassacos²: animal do mato. 3. curumbá³: localidade geralmente deserta e distante de qualquer povoado. 4. caçanje4 : Dialeto crioulo do português falado em Angola. P. ext. Português mal falado. 

Disponível em:< http://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-38234265>

Acesso em: 30 abr 2017.

A ilustração acima foi criada pelo artista brasileiro Daniel Ferreira da Silva, o “Bozó” a convite de uma plataforma “Cause2Create” sediada em Londres com o objetivo de apoiar questões humanitárias. A imagem representa

“O projeto PRODES realiza o monitoramento por satélites do desmatamento por corte raso na Amazônia Legal e produz, desde 1988, as taxas anuais de desmatamento na região, que são usadas pelo governo brasileiro para o estabelecimento de políticas públicas. As taxas anuais são estimadas a partir dos incrementos de desmatamento identificados em cada imagem de satélite que cobre a Amazônia Legal. A primeira apresentação dos dados é realizada para dezembro de cada ano, na forma de estimativa. Os dados consolidados são apresentados no primeiro semestre do ano seguinte”. (PRODES, 2016) Tabela:

Taxas PRODES (Projeto de Monitoramento do Desmatamento na Amazônia Legal por Satélite)

Disponível em:<http://www.obt.inpe.br/prodes/index.php

Obs.: As áreas desmatadas listadas na tabela estão em km².

Na tabela, é possível identificar as taxas PRODES de desmatamento, na Amazônia Legal e nos estados que a compõem entre os anos de 2004-2016. Considerando os dados apresentados na tabela e o atual cenário de desmatamento na Amazônia Legal, é correto afirmar:

Considere a tabela abaixo, contendo códigos de trincas de bases do RNA com os aminoácidos correspondentes:

Imagem disponível em:< http://www.sobiologia.com.br/conteudos/Citologia2/AcNucleico6.php>. Acesso em: 27 abr 2017.

Considere a seguinte sequência de nucleotídeos do DNA:

TTGAGGCAAAAACCGTTC

Admita que ocorra uma substituição, por uma purina, na 3ª base do código correspondente ao 6º aminoácido do polipeptídeo codificado pelo DNA acima. Assinale a alternativa que indica, corretamente, qual seria o aminoácido da tabela a ser incorporado.

Texto 2

THE NEXT ERA OF DRONES WILL BE DEFINED BY ‘SWARMS’

[ …]

Drones are becoming smaller, cheaper to make, can zoom around on their own, and gather in groups of hundreds, even thousands, to fly like a flock of birds. They’re called swarms – get enough of them together, and they could save your life, or they could be a deadly collaborative force on the battlefield.

[ …]

Plus there is no leader (1) or commander in a swarm; the swarm is a self-organising system in which allows drones to fly together without colliding. And only one operator (2) is needed to control the whole swarm.

Swarms are tough. One missile can bring down an aircraft, but a swarm can lose dozens of members and keep going. Air defences with a limited (3) supply (4) of missiles can be overwhelmed by enough opponents.

But drones will soon be swarming in many other situations too, from rock concerts to barnyards. In fact, you probably already have seen swarms of drones in everyday life. Chinese company eHang claimed the record for the biggest swarm, in a spectacular New Year show in which 1,000 drones formed a map of China and the Chinese character for 'blessings' (5). 

Drone swarms may even have a place on the farm. They can spot plant disease and help manage water use, or spray pesticides and herbicides only in the exact spot needed, all working cooperatively to cover the area and fill in gaps.

So, what does the future hold for swarming (6) drones? Swarming drone technology is still very much in their infancy. But it’s evolving fast. In fact, they could one day live alongside us.

Fonte: adapted from: <http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20170425-were-entering-the-next-era-of-drones>.

Acesso em: 02 maio 2017.  

Texto 1

BRAZILIAN TEEN WITH CANCER CELEBRATES TURBAN ON SOCIAL MEDIA

By plus55 on Feb 13, 2017

Thauane Cordeiro never thought she’d face accusations of cultural appropriation after posting a selfie with a turban. Diagnosed with cancer, the treatments left this Brazilian teen bald. So she styles up her baldness with colorful turbans when she heads out of the house. However, after one picture of herself wearing a turban on Facebook, she faced unexpected backlash.

While most turban-wearers in Brazil are black, Cordeiro is white. But instead of letting her haters put her down, Cordeiro explained just why she wore a turban that day. And it wasn’t about stealing black culture.

Here’s a translation of her post: Turban love

I’ll explain what happened yesterday so you know why I’m so angry with this whole cultural appropriation thing. I was at the station with this pretty turban, feeling like a diva. And I started to notice that there were a lot of black women around, beautiful by the way, who were looking at me funny, like “look over there the little white girl appropriating our culture”. Anyway, one of them came over to tell me I shouldn’t use a turban because I’m white. I took off the turban and said “are you seeing this bald head, this is called cancer, so I use what I want! Bye.” I grabbed my turban and walked off leaving her in shock. #EverybodyWearsTurbans

The post went up last week and already has 104,000 likes and 30,000 shares.

Fonte: <http://plus55.com/brazil-culture/2017/02/brazilian-teen-cancer-turba>. Acesso em: 15 abr 2017. 

Texto 1

BRAZILIAN TEEN WITH CANCER CELEBRATES TURBAN ON SOCIAL MEDIA

By plus55 on Feb 13, 2017

Thauane Cordeiro never thought she’d face accusations of cultural appropriation after posting a selfie with a turban. Diagnosed with cancer, the treatments left this Brazilian teen bald. So she styles up her baldness with colorful turbans when she heads out of the house. However, after one picture of herself wearing a turban on Facebook, she faced unexpected backlash.

While most turban-wearers in Brazil are black, Cordeiro is white. But instead of letting her haters put her down, Cordeiro explained just why she wore a turban that day. And it wasn’t about stealing black culture.

Here’s a translation of her post: Turban love

I’ll explain what happened yesterday so you know why I’m so angry with this whole cultural appropriation thing. I was at the station with this pretty turban, feeling like a diva. And I started to notice that there were a lot of black women around, beautiful by the way, who were looking at me funny, like “look over there the little white girl appropriating our culture”. Anyway, one of them came over to tell me I shouldn’t use a turban because I’m white. I took off the turban and said “are you seeing this bald head, this is called cancer, so I use what I want! Bye.” I grabbed my turban and walked off leaving her in shock. #EverybodyWearsTurbans

The post went up last week and already has 104,000 likes and 30,000 shares.

Fonte: <http://plus55.com/brazil-culture/2017/02/brazilian-teen-cancer-turba>. Acesso em: 15 abr 2017. 

Recentemente, o governo brasileiro apresentou uma proposta de eliminação da Reserva Mineral de Cobre e seus Associados (RENCA) criada em 1984, no fim da ditadura militar, com o objetivo de fazer pesquisa mineral nessa região. A área de 47 mil quilômetros quadrados, equivalente ao Estado do Espírito Santo, está localizada entre o Pará e o Amapá, em plena Floresta Amazônica. A possível abertura da área para exploração do capital privado e o risco de destruição da floresta suscitaram um apelo dos diversos setores da sociedade, principalmente dos artistas e ambientalistas. Após várias manifestações, o governo brasileiro recuou da proposta inicial e revogou a extinção da RENCA passando a valer o decreto de 1984. 

Disponível em:<https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/decreto-que-revoga-extincao-da-renca-epublicado.ghtml>

Acesso em: 26 set 2017. 

Com base nesta temática, indique a alternativa correta:  

O esquema a seguir representa o ciclo do nitrogênio.

Disponível em:< https://pir2.forumeiros.com/t112069-ciclo-do-nitrogenio-fuvest>.

Acesso em: 25 set 2017.