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Prova de 2021: Universidade Estadual do Maranhão — questões com gabarito

24 questões da prova de 2021 de Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, em Inglês, Literatura, Português. Cada uma tem página própria, com enunciado completo, alternativas e gabarito — e dá para responder na própria página.

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Resultados: 24 questões

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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    TEXT II

    Veggies You Can Regrow From Discarded Roots

    Patrick Phillips 

       When it comes to cooking with healthy, fresh ingredients, we always end up facing the same issue: what to do with all of the roots we chop off of our veggies? Instead of tossing them in the trash, there’s actually something quite useful you can do with them, and it’ll save you a good chunk of change.
        Regrowing green onions has become quite popular, and it’s easy to understand why: it’s very simple and fun to check on its growth progress on a daily basis. It’s also a great way to help avoid food waste. However, there are plenty of vegetables you can regrow for yourself at home using scraps.
       Green Onion
       Let’s start with the basics: green onions. These are the fastest plants to regrow and also the easiest. To do so, put the root and 1 inch of the white part in a bowl or jar, then fill it with enough water to cover up to halfway up the white part of the onion. Change out the water every 2 to 3 days. You’ll notice it growing within a day and after a week, you’ll have greens that you can use!
        Romaine Lettuce
       You can regrow romaine lettuce and also other lettuces by placing the roots of it in a jar filled with at least 1 inch of water. Leave for a few days until it begins to grow, then transfer the roots into soil to continue growing the thriving plant.
       Cabbage
      You can regrow cabbage in the same way that you regrow lettuce. Simply save a stump of the cabbage with its roots and place it in 1 inch of water. Then transfer the sprouting leaves into soil.
       Leeks
      Since leeks are actually directly related to green onions, they can be regrown using the same method. Place the root and about 2 inches of the white part in a jar with water that reaches about halfway up the white part. These will take a bit longer to regrow, but don’t give up! Make sure to keep changing out the water every 2 or 3 days.
       Carrot Tops
       Cut a carrot at the top (the root) and place the piece, cut side-down, in a bowl of water. The leaves of the carrots will grow as opposed to the carrot itself, however, these leaves can be used in salads, be used as a garnish, or can even be put into a pesto. Simply change the water every few days.
       Celery
      Celery can be regrown in the same way as the cabbage and romaine. Place the root end of the stalk in 1 inch of water. When the leaves will begin to sprout, wait about a week in order for the celery to become stronger. Make sure you change the water every few days. Once this process is done, you can replant the celery in soil. Celery leaves can also be used in salads.

    https://www.sizzlfy.com/healthy/veggies-regrow. Slighted modified. Accessed on September the 30th
    Taking into consideration the specific parts (1 to 6) of text II: Green onion, Romaine lettuce, Cabbage, leeks, Carrot tops, and Celery, choose the correct option in which one can find a comparative of superiority.
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 0429c8fb-b3
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    TEXT II

    Veggies You Can Regrow From Discarded Roots

    Patrick Phillips 

       When it comes to cooking with healthy, fresh ingredients, we always end up facing the same issue: what to do with all of the roots we chop off of our veggies? Instead of tossing them in the trash, there’s actually something quite useful you can do with them, and it’ll save you a good chunk of change.
        Regrowing green onions has become quite popular, and it’s easy to understand why: it’s very simple and fun to check on its growth progress on a daily basis. It’s also a great way to help avoid food waste. However, there are plenty of vegetables you can regrow for yourself at home using scraps.
       Green Onion
       Let’s start with the basics: green onions. These are the fastest plants to regrow and also the easiest. To do so, put the root and 1 inch of the white part in a bowl or jar, then fill it with enough water to cover up to halfway up the white part of the onion. Change out the water every 2 to 3 days. You’ll notice it growing within a day and after a week, you’ll have greens that you can use!
        Romaine Lettuce
       You can regrow romaine lettuce and also other lettuces by placing the roots of it in a jar filled with at least 1 inch of water. Leave for a few days until it begins to grow, then transfer the roots into soil to continue growing the thriving plant.
       Cabbage
      You can regrow cabbage in the same way that you regrow lettuce. Simply save a stump of the cabbage with its roots and place it in 1 inch of water. Then transfer the sprouting leaves into soil.
       Leeks
      Since leeks are actually directly related to green onions, they can be regrown using the same method. Place the root and about 2 inches of the white part in a jar with water that reaches about halfway up the white part. These will take a bit longer to regrow, but don’t give up! Make sure to keep changing out the water every 2 or 3 days.
       Carrot Tops
       Cut a carrot at the top (the root) and place the piece, cut side-down, in a bowl of water. The leaves of the carrots will grow as opposed to the carrot itself, however, these leaves can be used in salads, be used as a garnish, or can even be put into a pesto. Simply change the water every few days.
       Celery
      Celery can be regrown in the same way as the cabbage and romaine. Place the root end of the stalk in 1 inch of water. When the leaves will begin to sprout, wait about a week in order for the celery to become stronger. Make sure you change the water every few days. Once this process is done, you can replant the celery in soil. Celery leaves can also be used in salads.

    https://www.sizzlfy.com/healthy/veggies-regrow. Slighted modified. Accessed on September the 30th
    The veggies which have the same way of regrowing are
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 04274861-b3
    Abrir questão de Inglês, prova de 2021
  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    TEXT I

    What Is Organic Anyway?

    When you think of organic food, what words come to mind? Natural, local, ethical? In fact, the classification of organic food is a tricky business. 

       Until the 19th century, nobody would have considered farming as anything other than organic. Crops were fertilized using animal manure and compost. In the 18th and 19th centuries, however, chemists were discovering more about chemicals. The work of German chemist Justus von Liebig, in particular, led to the development of cheap nitrogen fertilizers. The agricultural revolution that followed, especially in Great Britain, brought about a huge increase in crop production. This helped feed the country’s rapidly growing urban population and reduce famine. However, not everybody was convinced of the benefits of the new technologies.
        Sir Albert Howard’s experiences in India convinced him that correct animal and crop management in a local area produced strong pest-resistant plants that were superior to those grown with chemical fertilizers. He saw chemical fertilizers as expensive, unnecessary, and unsustainable and studied ways to farm productively but naturally.
        Howard himself never used the word organic. It was British agriculturalist Lord Northbourne who first referred to a farm as a single “organic whole,” describing a more balanced, sustainable style of farming. Northbourne’s ideas, however, were not widely accepted. The following years saw an increase in the use of fertilizers and pesticides, which allowed farmers to plant large quantities of single crops. Most farms became industrialized single-crop producers that depended on pesticides and fertilizers. Then in the 1970s, some people began to express their concerns about the negative effects of these methods on soil quality and the environment. These green activists began to call for a return to more traditional styles of farming.
         At the same time, in other parts of the world modern methods were replacing traditional farming. In Mexico, Pakistan, and India, Nobel Prize-winning agriculturalist Norman Borlaug pioneered the use of new crops and technologies and greatly increased food production. Environmentalists criticized Borlaug’s work, which they claimed led to reliance on a single crop, inequality, malnutrition, and the loss of natural wildlife. While Borlaug recognized some of these claims, he argued that his principle aim was an end to hunger, something, he pointed out, that most of his critics had never experienced.
         Meanwhile in the USA and the UK, many smaller farms were trying to return to natural methods, growing many different crops and keeping animals to fertilize the soil. Throughout the 1970s, activists continued to promote a return to more traditional ways of living, and some people were encouraged to try to provide their own food, both out in the countryside and using smaller urban gardens.
         However, as the idea of organic food became more popular, big business began to move in. The 1980s and 1990s saw the growth of large organic farms and supermarkets, and the importation of organic produce from abroad. At the same time, new legislation in places such as the USA and Europe has made it extremely expensive and complicated for small producers to obtain organic certification. Ironically, many natural local farms are not classed as organic, while much of the organic food supermarkets sell often comes from foreign countries. This has led to criticism from environmentalists who feel that the term organic no longer represents the ideals of organic farming.
         As we move into the 21st century with a world population of seven billion people, the debate on how we should feed ourselves shows no sign of coming to an end.

    SHACKLETON, Caroline & TURNER, Nathan Paul. Money Tree: the business of organics. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
    The most important argument Mr. Borlaug had to fight his critics was the fact that they had never
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 0424cdb8-b3
    Abrir questão de Inglês, prova de 2021
  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    TEXT I

    What Is Organic Anyway?

    When you think of organic food, what words come to mind? Natural, local, ethical? In fact, the classification of organic food is a tricky business. 

       Until the 19th century, nobody would have considered farming as anything other than organic. Crops were fertilized using animal manure and compost. In the 18th and 19th centuries, however, chemists were discovering more about chemicals. The work of German chemist Justus von Liebig, in particular, led to the development of cheap nitrogen fertilizers. The agricultural revolution that followed, especially in Great Britain, brought about a huge increase in crop production. This helped feed the country’s rapidly growing urban population and reduce famine. However, not everybody was convinced of the benefits of the new technologies.
        Sir Albert Howard’s experiences in India convinced him that correct animal and crop management in a local area produced strong pest-resistant plants that were superior to those grown with chemical fertilizers. He saw chemical fertilizers as expensive, unnecessary, and unsustainable and studied ways to farm productively but naturally.
        Howard himself never used the word organic. It was British agriculturalist Lord Northbourne who first referred to a farm as a single “organic whole,” describing a more balanced, sustainable style of farming. Northbourne’s ideas, however, were not widely accepted. The following years saw an increase in the use of fertilizers and pesticides, which allowed farmers to plant large quantities of single crops. Most farms became industrialized single-crop producers that depended on pesticides and fertilizers. Then in the 1970s, some people began to express their concerns about the negative effects of these methods on soil quality and the environment. These green activists began to call for a return to more traditional styles of farming.
         At the same time, in other parts of the world modern methods were replacing traditional farming. In Mexico, Pakistan, and India, Nobel Prize-winning agriculturalist Norman Borlaug pioneered the use of new crops and technologies and greatly increased food production. Environmentalists criticized Borlaug’s work, which they claimed led to reliance on a single crop, inequality, malnutrition, and the loss of natural wildlife. While Borlaug recognized some of these claims, he argued that his principle aim was an end to hunger, something, he pointed out, that most of his critics had never experienced.
         Meanwhile in the USA and the UK, many smaller farms were trying to return to natural methods, growing many different crops and keeping animals to fertilize the soil. Throughout the 1970s, activists continued to promote a return to more traditional ways of living, and some people were encouraged to try to provide their own food, both out in the countryside and using smaller urban gardens.
         However, as the idea of organic food became more popular, big business began to move in. The 1980s and 1990s saw the growth of large organic farms and supermarkets, and the importation of organic produce from abroad. At the same time, new legislation in places such as the USA and Europe has made it extremely expensive and complicated for small producers to obtain organic certification. Ironically, many natural local farms are not classed as organic, while much of the organic food supermarkets sell often comes from foreign countries. This has led to criticism from environmentalists who feel that the term organic no longer represents the ideals of organic farming.
         As we move into the 21st century with a world population of seven billion people, the debate on how we should feed ourselves shows no sign of coming to an end.

    SHACKLETON, Caroline & TURNER, Nathan Paul. Money Tree: the business of organics. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
    Many animal and crop management procedures took place across the centuries. The option which highlights the one taken as an organic procedure is
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 04225912-b3
    Abrir questão de Inglês, prova de 2021
  • Linguagens

    Literatura

    Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    O Surrealismo, movimento vanguardista, trazia como princípios a prevalência do automatismo psíquico em estado puro e a expressão do pensamento de maneira automática e espontânea, gerando, na escrita literária, imagens impulsionadas pelo inconsciente. 

    As poesias de Mario Quintana, não muito raro, trazem imagens que dialogam com a proposta surrealista, como se pode observar no seguinte conjunto de versos, extraído do livro de poemas Esconderijos do tempo:
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 041fdd3d-b3
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  • Linguagens

    Português

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    Mario Quintana, poeta gaúcho, foi um dos maiores expoentes da literatura brasileira. Com estilo eclético, estreou em 1940, desafiando os críticos literários por se ter tornado um poeta popular. Sua poesia é compreensível sem ser banal; sua originalidade é natural; suas metáforas são claras, mas, ao mesmo tempo, surpreendentes.   

    O poema Noturno citadino é a base para responder à questão.

    Um cartaz luminoso ri no ar.
    Ó noite, ó minha nêga
    toda acesa
    de letreiros!... Pena
    é que a gente saiba ler... Senão
    tu serias de uma beleza única
    inteiramente feita
    para o amor dos nossos olhos. 

    QUINTANA, M. Esconderijos do tempo. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2013.
    O articulador argumentativo “Senão” imprime no poema um valor semântico de  
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 041d6930-b3
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  • Linguagens

    Português

    Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Mario Quintana, poeta gaúcho, foi um dos maiores expoentes da literatura brasileira. Com estilo eclético, estreou em 1940, desafiando os críticos literários por se ter tornado um poeta popular. Sua poesia é compreensível sem ser banal; sua originalidade é natural; suas metáforas são claras, mas, ao mesmo tempo, surpreendentes.   

    O poema Noturno citadino é a base para responder à questão.

    Um cartaz luminoso ri no ar.
    Ó noite, ó minha nêga
    toda acesa
    de letreiros!... Pena
    é que a gente saiba ler... Senão
    tu serias de uma beleza única
    inteiramente feita
    para o amor dos nossos olhos. 

    QUINTANA, M. Esconderijos do tempo. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2013.
    O sujeito lírico, para fazer entender seus sentimentos no poema, pretende criar um dialogismo imaginário íntimo no(s)
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 041aeaf4-b3
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  • Linguagens

    Português

    Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Leia o trecho a seguir para responder à questão.

    No mocambo si alguma cunhatã se aproximava dele pra fazer festinha, Macunaíma punha a mão nas graças dela, cunhatã se afastava. Nos machos guspia na cara. Porém respeitava os velhos e frequentava com aplicação a murua a poracê o torê o bacororô a cucuicogue, todas essas danças religiosas da tribo.

    Andrade, M. Macunaíma. Porto Alegre: L&PM, 2018.

    Após apresentar fatos sobre as traquinagens do herói, o narrador, no último período, apresenta argumentação que consolida a tese de uma entidade moral para a personagem, por meio de
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 0418765c-b3
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  • Linguagens

    Português

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    A alcova estava mobiliada com as famosas redes brancas do Maranhão. Bem no centro havia uma mesa de jacarandá esculpido arranjada com louça branco-encarnada de Breves e cerâmica de Belém, dispostas sobre uma toalha de rendas tecidas com fibra de bananeiras. 

    Andrade, M. Macunaíma. Porto Alegre: L&PM, 2018.

    O fragmento exemplifica que, em Macunaíma, de Mário de Andrade, há
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 0415fd13-b3
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  • Linguagens

    Português

    Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Leia o trecho a seguir para responder à questão.

    [...]
    — Mãe, quem que leva nossa casa pra outra banda do rio no banhado, quem que leva? Pergunta assim!  
    A velha fez. Macunaíma pediu pra ela ficar com os olhos fechados e carregou todos os carregos, tudo, pro lugar em que estavam de já-hoje no mondongo imundado. Quando a velha abriu os olhos tudo estava no lugar de dantes, vizinhando com os tejupares de mano Maanape e de mano Jiguê com a linda Iriqui. E todos ficaram roncando de fome outra vez.  
    Então a velha teve uma raiva malvada. Carregou o herói na cintura e partiu. Atravessou o mato e chegou no capoeirão chamado Cafundó do Judas. Andou légua e meia nele, nem se enxergava mato mais, era um coberto plano apenas movimentado com o pulinho dos cajueiros. 
    Nem guaxe animava a solidão. A velha botou o curumim no campo onde ele podia crescer mais não e falou: 
    — Agora vossa mãe vai embora. Tu ficas perdido no coberto e podes crescer mais não. 

    Andrade, M. Macunaíma. Porto Alegre: L&PM, 2018.

    Em Macunaíma, Mário de Andrade inova nos padrões linguísticos, nos níveis lexical, morfológico e sintático, ao empregar a linguagem coloquial popular falada como marca de identidade nacional. No trecho acima, essa brasilidade está presente no(a)
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 041370c3-b3
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  • Linguagens

    Português

    Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão. 

    CARTA PRAS ICAMIABAS

    Ás mui queridas súbditas nossas, Senhoras Amazonas.
     Trinta de Maio de Mil Novecentos e Vinte e Seis,
     São Paulo.
     Senhoras:

    Não pouco vos surpreenderá, por certo, o endereço e a literatura desta missiva. Cumpre-nos, entretanto, iniciar estas linhas de saùdade e muito amor, com desagradável nova. É bem verdade que na boa cidade de São Paulo – a maior do universo, no dizer de seus prolixos habitantes – não sois conhecidas por “icamiabas”, voz espúria, sinão que pelo apelativo de Amazonas; e de vós, se afirma, cavalgardes ginetes belígeros e virdes da Hélade clássica; e assim sois chamadas [...]

    Nem cinco sóis eram passados que de vós nos partíramos, quando a mais temerosa desdita pesou sobre Nós. Por uma bela noite dos idos de maio do ano translato, perdíamos a muiraquitã; que outrém grafara muraquitã, e, alguns doutos, ciosos de etimologias esdrúxulas, ortografam muyrakitan e até mesmo muraqué-itã, não sorriais! Haveis de saber que esse vocábulo, tão familiar às vossas trompas de Eustáquio, é quasi desconhecido por aqui. [...] Mas não nos sobra já vagar para discretearmos “sub tegmine fagi” sobre a língua portuguesa, também chamada lusitana. [...]

    Andrade, M. Macunaíma. Porto Alegre: L&PM, 2018.
    Há efeito de estranhamento para o leitor, porque a escrita difere da língua padrão atual, nas seguintes palavras:
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 0410d62e-b3
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  • Linguagens

    Português

    Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão. 

    CARTA PRAS ICAMIABAS

    Ás mui queridas súbditas nossas, Senhoras Amazonas.
     Trinta de Maio de Mil Novecentos e Vinte e Seis,
     São Paulo.
     Senhoras:

    Não pouco vos surpreenderá, por certo, o endereço e a literatura desta missiva. Cumpre-nos, entretanto, iniciar estas linhas de saùdade e muito amor, com desagradável nova. É bem verdade que na boa cidade de São Paulo – a maior do universo, no dizer de seus prolixos habitantes – não sois conhecidas por “icamiabas”, voz espúria, sinão que pelo apelativo de Amazonas; e de vós, se afirma, cavalgardes ginetes belígeros e virdes da Hélade clássica; e assim sois chamadas [...]

    Nem cinco sóis eram passados que de vós nos partíramos, quando a mais temerosa desdita pesou sobre Nós. Por uma bela noite dos idos de maio do ano translato, perdíamos a muiraquitã; que outrém grafara muraquitã, e, alguns doutos, ciosos de etimologias esdrúxulas, ortografam muyrakitan e até mesmo muraqué-itã, não sorriais! Haveis de saber que esse vocábulo, tão familiar às vossas trompas de Eustáquio, é quasi desconhecido por aqui. [...] Mas não nos sobra já vagar para discretearmos “sub tegmine fagi” sobre a língua portuguesa, também chamada lusitana. [...]

    Andrade, M. Macunaíma. Porto Alegre: L&PM, 2018.
    O trecho de “Cartas pras Icamiabas” em que se identifica intertextualidade, com efeitos de paródia, relativa à passagem da produção poética do poeta português Luís Vaz de Camões, é
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 040dbc7b-b3
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    Entre para guardar nos favoritos

    Read the text II to answer the question.


    TEXT II

    Common Dog Training Mistakes You Might Be Making


    Priya Faith


    You've welcomed a new furry friend into the family, and you can't wait to start training them. Whether it's to do all kinds of tricks or you want to ensure you have a well-behaved canine, it's not always straight forward. When it comes to training your four-legged friend, a lot of mistakes can occur… 

    Fear not, we're on hand with some of the most common mistakes so you can avoid them.

    1. You're Focusing on The Negatives
    If you're focusing on the negatives during training, it's not nearly as effective than using positive reinforcement. Rather than reprimanding poor behavior, concentrate on recognizing the good. While it will take a bit of practice, but it will pay off.

    2. Training Sessions Last Too Long
    Once you've seen some positive results, you should call time on your session. Just like us, your dog will get bored if you drag out training sessions too long. Instead, train in manageable stages, so it's more fun and useful for everyone.

    3. You Stay in The Same Place to Train Your Dog
    While you'll probably do the majority of your training at home, you should avoid limiting practice to just one place. If you teach your dog to behave inside four walls, it's likely that as soon as they get out into the big wide world, they'll have a much harder time paying attention 

    4. You're Using Your Clicker Too Much
    Clicker training is pretty popular, and it can be a handy training tool when used correctly. However, you must understand how to use your clicker before you start clicking away. If you're not using it correctly, things can get pretty confusing pretty quickly.

    5. You Rely on Treats Too Much
    Granted, treats are a great way to keep your pup motivated and engaged. However, you should vary your rewards. Rather than just limiting rewards to treats, use toys, praise and play to mix things up. 

    6. You Repeat Commands Too Often
    So, you're teaching your dog to sit, but it's not working. Instead of repeating the command over and over until your canine sits out of boredom, you should try something else. Your dog needs to be clear that the behavior should come directly after the command and stalling can undo this hard work.

    7. You're Not Considering Your Dogs Personality
    Even if you've trained a dog or dogs before successfully, it doesn't mean the same approach will work for your new pup. Every dog has a distinct character and behavioral profile, so to find out what will work, you need to be mindful of this. One size fits all is certainly not the case when it comes to dog training.

    8. You Lack Confidence
    Lack of confidence is a straight-up weakness. As natural predators, dogs can sense any weakness instinctively. So, with every command, you need to be confident.

    https://en.wackojaco.com/8-common-dog-training-mistakes-you-might-be.Text slightly modified.
    In every subpart (numbered 1 to 8) of the main text, one finds linking-words. Among them, HOWEVER and SO. The option which synthesizes correctly the function of these expressions, respectively, is
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 7a673d46-b2
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  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    Entre para guardar nos favoritos

    Read the text II to answer the question.


    TEXT II

    Common Dog Training Mistakes You Might Be Making


    Priya Faith


    You've welcomed a new furry friend into the family, and you can't wait to start training them. Whether it's to do all kinds of tricks or you want to ensure you have a well-behaved canine, it's not always straight forward. When it comes to training your four-legged friend, a lot of mistakes can occur… 

    Fear not, we're on hand with some of the most common mistakes so you can avoid them.

    1. You're Focusing on The Negatives
    If you're focusing on the negatives during training, it's not nearly as effective than using positive reinforcement. Rather than reprimanding poor behavior, concentrate on recognizing the good. While it will take a bit of practice, but it will pay off.

    2. Training Sessions Last Too Long
    Once you've seen some positive results, you should call time on your session. Just like us, your dog will get bored if you drag out training sessions too long. Instead, train in manageable stages, so it's more fun and useful for everyone.

    3. You Stay in The Same Place to Train Your Dog
    While you'll probably do the majority of your training at home, you should avoid limiting practice to just one place. If you teach your dog to behave inside four walls, it's likely that as soon as they get out into the big wide world, they'll have a much harder time paying attention 

    4. You're Using Your Clicker Too Much
    Clicker training is pretty popular, and it can be a handy training tool when used correctly. However, you must understand how to use your clicker before you start clicking away. If you're not using it correctly, things can get pretty confusing pretty quickly.

    5. You Rely on Treats Too Much
    Granted, treats are a great way to keep your pup motivated and engaged. However, you should vary your rewards. Rather than just limiting rewards to treats, use toys, praise and play to mix things up. 

    6. You Repeat Commands Too Often
    So, you're teaching your dog to sit, but it's not working. Instead of repeating the command over and over until your canine sits out of boredom, you should try something else. Your dog needs to be clear that the behavior should come directly after the command and stalling can undo this hard work.

    7. You're Not Considering Your Dogs Personality
    Even if you've trained a dog or dogs before successfully, it doesn't mean the same approach will work for your new pup. Every dog has a distinct character and behavioral profile, so to find out what will work, you need to be mindful of this. One size fits all is certainly not the case when it comes to dog training.

    8. You Lack Confidence
    Lack of confidence is a straight-up weakness. As natural predators, dogs can sense any weakness instinctively. So, with every command, you need to be confident.

    https://en.wackojaco.com/8-common-dog-training-mistakes-you-might-be.Text slightly modified.
    Based on the common mistakes observed in Priya Faith’s text, the option which points out correctly that one matching the specific part with the main idea is
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    Read the text I to answer the question. 

    TEXT I

    Pets and humans: the history of their relationship

       Nowadays, pets are part of our everyday lives and inseparable fellow travellers. At the 7th International Congress on Animal-Human Relations, "Animals, Health and Quality of Life", Professor James A. Serpell spoke on the origins and evolution of this relationship. 
      In his presentation, James A. Serpell, professor at the University of Pennsylvania, emphasized the fact that although nowadays the presence of pets in our homes is overwhelming and their integration into our family lives increases day by day, this is something that would have been completely inconceivable in the recent past. Professor Serpell gave as an example the current cohabitation situation that is taking place in the United States, where in 2005, 63% of households had at least one pet, and 45% had more than one. However, as noted, the relationship between humans and animals has not always been so positive as it is nowadays; in fact, it has gone through very dark periods, as the one that took place in England about five hundred years ago.
        The history of the relationship between men and pets started at the dawn of our civilization, when both discovered how beneficial their friendship could be. However, their history – as any other story – is not free from conflicts and lack of understanding. Probably the darkest period of their relationship took place in England, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. According to Professor Serpell, during that period in that country, –which is nowadays very popular for their love of animals, – the owners of pets could run the risk of being accused of witchcraft and be executed.
        As stated by the British historian Keith Thomas, witchcraft trials held in England maintained that witches were assisted by demons and ghosts in the form of animals. For that reason, the possession of cats, dogs, mice or birds, which were the typical pets of that period, was considered in many cases as irrefutable evidence to condemn a large number of people to the stake. In fact, in 1604, King James I of England approved a law that officially made it a crime «to consult, deal, invite, use, feed or reward ghosts under animal form in any way».
        The worst thing about this law was that possessing pets was especially dangerous if the owner was poor, old or not well-esteemed by the community.… In these cases, the risk of being executed after being accused of witchcraft was quite high. This was life in England four hundred years ago; however, this situation was not exclusive to this nation. Art provides evidence of the way in which animals used to be related to witchcraft in other countries. In the fifteenth century, the Witches' Sabbath painted by the German artist Hans Baldung Grien showed a cat behind a witch. In Goya's art, the series of paintings devoted to witchcraft shows the devil in the form of a billy-goat escorted by two cats.… These are just two examples of how dark that period was for pets. Unfortunately, today, in the twenty-first century, there are still some countries that take very reprehensible decisions with regard to pets, such as China, for instance.

    Pets and humans, the history of their relationship. | Affinity Petcare (affinity-petcare.com). Text slightly modified.
    During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, in England, humans and animals had probably the hardest relationship one could conceive and those who insisted on that would be taken to trials. What penalty were people supposed to be taken for owning animals?
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    Read the text I to answer the question. 

    TEXT I

    Pets and humans: the history of their relationship

       Nowadays, pets are part of our everyday lives and inseparable fellow travellers. At the 7th International Congress on Animal-Human Relations, "Animals, Health and Quality of Life", Professor James A. Serpell spoke on the origins and evolution of this relationship. 
      In his presentation, James A. Serpell, professor at the University of Pennsylvania, emphasized the fact that although nowadays the presence of pets in our homes is overwhelming and their integration into our family lives increases day by day, this is something that would have been completely inconceivable in the recent past. Professor Serpell gave as an example the current cohabitation situation that is taking place in the United States, where in 2005, 63% of households had at least one pet, and 45% had more than one. However, as noted, the relationship between humans and animals has not always been so positive as it is nowadays; in fact, it has gone through very dark periods, as the one that took place in England about five hundred years ago.
        The history of the relationship between men and pets started at the dawn of our civilization, when both discovered how beneficial their friendship could be. However, their history – as any other story – is not free from conflicts and lack of understanding. Probably the darkest period of their relationship took place in England, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. According to Professor Serpell, during that period in that country, –which is nowadays very popular for their love of animals, – the owners of pets could run the risk of being accused of witchcraft and be executed.
        As stated by the British historian Keith Thomas, witchcraft trials held in England maintained that witches were assisted by demons and ghosts in the form of animals. For that reason, the possession of cats, dogs, mice or birds, which were the typical pets of that period, was considered in many cases as irrefutable evidence to condemn a large number of people to the stake. In fact, in 1604, King James I of England approved a law that officially made it a crime «to consult, deal, invite, use, feed or reward ghosts under animal form in any way».
        The worst thing about this law was that possessing pets was especially dangerous if the owner was poor, old or not well-esteemed by the community.… In these cases, the risk of being executed after being accused of witchcraft was quite high. This was life in England four hundred years ago; however, this situation was not exclusive to this nation. Art provides evidence of the way in which animals used to be related to witchcraft in other countries. In the fifteenth century, the Witches' Sabbath painted by the German artist Hans Baldung Grien showed a cat behind a witch. In Goya's art, the series of paintings devoted to witchcraft shows the devil in the form of a billy-goat escorted by two cats.… These are just two examples of how dark that period was for pets. Unfortunately, today, in the twenty-first century, there are still some countries that take very reprehensible decisions with regard to pets, such as China, for instance.

    Pets and humans, the history of their relationship. | Affinity Petcare (affinity-petcare.com). Text slightly modified.
    The owners of pets were at risk of being taken to the stake during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in England because
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    Racismo no Brasil: todo mundo sabe que existe, mas ninguém acha que é racista, diz Djamila Ribeiro 


    Em entrevista à BBC News Brasil, a autora do Pequeno Manual Antirracista diz o que deve ser feito por quem quer combater o racismo e sobre o papel dos pais na educação antirracista de seus filhos. Segundo a escritora: "Não basta só reconhecer o privilégio, precisa ter ação antirracista de fato. Ir a manifestações é uma delas, apoiar projetos importantes que visem à melhoria de vida das populações negras é importante, ler intelectuais negros, colocar na bibliografia. Quem a gente convida para entrevistar? Quem são as pessoas que a gente visibiliza?"

    Djamila Ribeiro é mestre em filosofia política pela Unifesp e uma das vozes mais influentes do movimento pelos direitos das mulheres negras no Brasil. Ela está na lista da BBC de 100 mulheres mais influentes e inspiradoras do mundo.

    Disponível em https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil (Adaptado)

    A fala da escritora Djamila Marques, citada no texto, é encerrada com duas interrogativas que corroboram seu argumento contra o racismo. As interrogativas retóricas, em relação ao argumento, produzem no texto, um sentido de
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    Literatura

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         Selva selvaggia

    As palavras espiam como animais:
    umas, rajadas, sensuais, que nem panteras...
    outras, escuras, furtivas raposas...
    mas as mais belas palavras estão pousadas nas frondes mais altas, como pássaros...
    O poema está parado em meio da clareira.

    O poema
    caiu
    na armadilha! debate-se
    e ora subdivide-se e entrechoca-se como esferas de vidro colorido
    ora é uma fórmula algébrica
    ora, como um sexo, palpita... Que importa
    que importa qual seja enfim o seu verdadeiro universo?
    Ele em breve será inteiramente devorado pelas palavras!

    QUINTANA, M. Esconderijos do tempo. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2013.

    Selva selvaggia exemplifica uma das características da poética de Mário Quintana: 
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     Se um poeta falar num gato


    Se o poeta falar num gato, numa flor,

    num vento que anda por descampados e desvios

    e nunca chegou à cidade...

    se falar numa esquina mal e mal iluminada...

    numa antiga sacada... num jogo de dominó...

    se falar naqueles obedientes soldadinhos de chumbo que morriam de verdade...


    se falar na mão decepada no meio de uma escada

    de caracol...

    Se não falar em nada

    e disser simplesmente tralalá... Que importa?

    Todos os poemas são de amor!


    QUINTANA, M. Esconderijos do tempo. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2013.

    No poema, nota-se a presença reiterada da preposição "em", que se liga ao verbo falar, acrescentando-lhe um termo nominal dependente. Em alguns versos, seu emprego dá-se em contração com artigos definidos e indefinidos e com pronome demonstrativo.

    Considerando o sentido contextual que essa preposição apresenta no poema, a relação semântica que se estabelece entre os termos que ela liga é de

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    Mario Quintana, poeta gaúcho, foi um dos maiores expoentes da literatura brasileira. Com estilo eclético, estreou em 1940, desafiando os críticos literários por se ter tornado um poeta popular. Sua poesia é compreensível sem ser banal; sua originalidade é natural; suas metáforas são claras, mas, ao mesmo tempo, surpreendentes.

    A questão trata do poema deste poeta de nossa literatura.

    Leia o poema Solau à moda antiga para responder à questão. 

    Senhora, eu vos amo tanto
    Que até por vosso marido
    Me dá um certo quebranto...
    Pois que tem que a gente inclua
    No mesmo alastrante amor
    Pessoa animal ou cousa
    Ou seja lá o que for,
    Só porque os banha o esplendor
    Daquela a quem se ama tanto?
    E sendo desta maneira,
    Não me culpeis, por favor,
    Da chama que ardente abrasa
    O nome de vossa rua,
    Vossa gente e vossa casa
    E vossa linda macieira
    Que ainda ontem deu flor...

    QUINTANA, M. Esconderijos do tempo. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2013.

    Nesse poema, marcado pelo senso de humor, reconhece-se, fortemente, características da poesia medieval trovadoresca nos versos: 
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