Prova de 2019: Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie — questões com gabarito

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O presidente dos Estados Unidos, Donald Trump, designou oficialmente o Brasil como aliado militar preferencial do país fora da Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte (OTAN).

[...] O status dá ao Brasil o direito de tornar-se comprador preferencial de equipamentos e tecnologias militares dos Estados Unidos, além de participar de leilões organizados pelo Pentágono. A medida também abre caminho para a colaboração no desenvolvimento de soluções de defesa e o aumento dos intercâmbios militares e a realização de manobras conjuntas entre as Forças Armadas dos dois países.

Estados Unidos designam Brasil como aliado extra-Otan. Agência Brasil, 01 ago. 2019.

Disponível em: <http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/internacional/noticia/2019-08/estados-unidos-designam-oficialmente-brasil-como-aliado-extra-otan> Acesso em 29 set. 2019.

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How to Make Friends While Traveling Solo

Even in the best cases, traveling alone can get lonely. Here’s how to connect safely with the people you meet along the way.

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Is it really possible that plant-based foods such as the Impossible Whopper are healthful?

By Cara Rosenbloom September 9, 2019 

With many American consumers interested in reducing their consumption of animal products without becoming vegetarian or vegan, the food industry has come up with a new craze: plant-based. Look around your grocery store, and you’ll see a growing number of dairy, egg and meat substitutes bearing this label.

But the industry has taken liberties with the definition of “plant-based.” Rather than focusing on whole foods such as vegetables, fruits, legumes and nuts, which is what health professionals mean when they recommend “plant-based eating,” food manufacturers are developing ultra-processed burgers out of pea or soy protein, methylcellulose and maltodextrin, and liquid “eggs” out of mung bean protein isolate and gellan gum. Then they crown this ultra-processed food with an undeserved health halo.

(…)

Plant-based ultra-processed products such as these are formulated to taste like the real deal. Thus, consumers can feel virtuous or principled for choosing plants over meat without sacrificing too much flavor. But is there any value to plant-based products that have been crushed, extruded and shaped into facsimiles of the foods they are replacing? Let’s look at that question through several lenses — considering nutrients, how processed the food is and how producing the food affects the planet.

When I was in nutrition school, the health value of food was mostly calculated based on the presence of desirable nutrients, such as fiber and vitamins, and on the absence of negative nutrients, such as sodium or trans fat. If you compare ultra-processed plant-based foods and similar animal-based foods solely on their nutrients, you’ll find they are roughly the same. 

Plant-based foods are purposely formulated to mimic animal-based foods, so plant-based milk is enriched with calcium and vitamin D to mimic cow’s milk, while veggie burgers are rich in protein and made with iron and zinc to imitate beef. But they aren’t always made to reduce the presence of less-healthy nutrients. Sometimes, the processed plant-based food will have more sodium than the processed animal-based food, and sometimes the animal food will be higher in calories or saturated fat.

(…)

Using the term “plant-based” on fast food labels is just another attempt by marketers to re-brand junk food. True plant-based eating doesn’t mean opting for an Impossible Whopper in the drive-through or scrambling up some 15-ingredient “egg alternative.” It means a diet that includes nourishing options such as black beans, broccoli and brown rice. We’re always looking for some magical way to eat junky food and achieve health. Don’t be fooled by this plant-based pretense.

Adapted from the digital edition of The Washington Post: www.washingtonpost.com 

Choose the alternative that best contains the idea of this sentence from the text:

“Using the term “plant-based” on fast food labels is just another attempt by marketers to re-brand junk food.”

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Is it really possible that plant-based foods such as the Impossible Whopper are healthful?

By Cara Rosenbloom September 9, 2019 

With many American consumers interested in reducing their consumption of animal products without becoming vegetarian or vegan, the food industry has come up with a new craze: plant-based. Look around your grocery store, and you’ll see a growing number of dairy, egg and meat substitutes bearing this label.

But the industry has taken liberties with the definition of “plant-based.” Rather than focusing on whole foods such as vegetables, fruits, legumes and nuts, which is what health professionals mean when they recommend “plant-based eating,” food manufacturers are developing ultra-processed burgers out of pea or soy protein, methylcellulose and maltodextrin, and liquid “eggs” out of mung bean protein isolate and gellan gum. Then they crown this ultra-processed food with an undeserved health halo.

(…)

Plant-based ultra-processed products such as these are formulated to taste like the real deal. Thus, consumers can feel virtuous or principled for choosing plants over meat without sacrificing too much flavor. But is there any value to plant-based products that have been crushed, extruded and shaped into facsimiles of the foods they are replacing? Let’s look at that question through several lenses — considering nutrients, how processed the food is and how producing the food affects the planet.

When I was in nutrition school, the health value of food was mostly calculated based on the presence of desirable nutrients, such as fiber and vitamins, and on the absence of negative nutrients, such as sodium or trans fat. If you compare ultra-processed plant-based foods and similar animal-based foods solely on their nutrients, you’ll find they are roughly the same. 

Plant-based foods are purposely formulated to mimic animal-based foods, so plant-based milk is enriched with calcium and vitamin D to mimic cow’s milk, while veggie burgers are rich in protein and made with iron and zinc to imitate beef. But they aren’t always made to reduce the presence of less-healthy nutrients. Sometimes, the processed plant-based food will have more sodium than the processed animal-based food, and sometimes the animal food will be higher in calories or saturated fat.

(…)

Using the term “plant-based” on fast food labels is just another attempt by marketers to re-brand junk food. True plant-based eating doesn’t mean opting for an Impossible Whopper in the drive-through or scrambling up some 15-ingredient “egg alternative.” It means a diet that includes nourishing options such as black beans, broccoli and brown rice. We’re always looking for some magical way to eat junky food and achieve health. Don’t be fooled by this plant-based pretense.

Adapted from the digital edition of The Washington Post: www.washingtonpost.com 

Read the text below and answer question

Is it really possible that plant-based foods such as the Impossible Whopper are healthful?

By Cara Rosenbloom September 9, 2019 

With many American consumers interested in reducing their consumption of animal products without becoming vegetarian or vegan, the food industry has come up with a new craze: plant-based. Look around your grocery store, and you’ll see a growing number of dairy, egg and meat substitutes bearing this label.

But the industry has taken liberties with the definition of “plant-based.” Rather than focusing on whole foods such as vegetables, fruits, legumes and nuts, which is what health professionals mean when they recommend “plant-based eating,” food manufacturers are developing ultra-processed burgers out of pea or soy protein, methylcellulose and maltodextrin, and liquid “eggs” out of mung bean protein isolate and gellan gum. Then they crown this ultra-processed food with an undeserved health halo.

(…)

Plant-based ultra-processed products such as these are formulated to taste like the real deal. Thus, consumers can feel virtuous or principled for choosing plants over meat without sacrificing too much flavor. But is there any value to plant-based products that have been crushed, extruded and shaped into facsimiles of the foods they are replacing? Let’s look at that question through several lenses — considering nutrients, how processed the food is and how producing the food affects the planet.

When I was in nutrition school, the health value of food was mostly calculated based on the presence of desirable nutrients, such as fiber and vitamins, and on the absence of negative nutrients, such as sodium or trans fat. If you compare ultra-processed plant-based foods and similar animal-based foods solely on their nutrients, you’ll find they are roughly the same. 

Plant-based foods are purposely formulated to mimic animal-based foods, so plant-based milk is enriched with calcium and vitamin D to mimic cow’s milk, while veggie burgers are rich in protein and made with iron and zinc to imitate beef. But they aren’t always made to reduce the presence of less-healthy nutrients. Sometimes, the processed plant-based food will have more sodium than the processed animal-based food, and sometimes the animal food will be higher in calories or saturated fat.

(…)

Using the term “plant-based” on fast food labels is just another attempt by marketers to re-brand junk food. True plant-based eating doesn’t mean opting for an Impossible Whopper in the drive-through or scrambling up some 15-ingredient “egg alternative.” It means a diet that includes nourishing options such as black beans, broccoli and brown rice. We’re always looking for some magical way to eat junky food and achieve health. Don’t be fooled by this plant-based pretense.

Adapted from the digital edition of The Washington Post: www.washingtonpost.com 

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Considere as seguintes observações sobre a vida e a obra de Clarice Lispector.

I. Durante sua carreira, Clarice Lispector se consolidou como escritora escrevendo principalmente contos, romances e crônicas.

II. Na infância, antes de se mudar em definitivo para o Rio de Janeiro, Clarice Lispector morou em Alagoas e Pernambuco. Devido a isso, ela se transformou no principal nome do Regionalismo modernista, dando continuidade às temáticas consolidadas por José Lins do Rego.

III. João Guimarães Rosa e Clarice Lispector são considerados pela historiografia literária como dois dos mais relevantes nomes da assim chamada “Terceira Fase” do Modernismo brasileiro.

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“A lei Adolfo Gordo era uma constante ameaça a todos, meio de intimidação e vingança, um cutelo suspenso na cabeça do irreverente ou inconformado. O fazendeiro ameaçava o colono. O industrial ameaçava o operário. Ou se submetiam a qualquer iniquidade, a aceitar condições vexatórias e prejudiciais, ou eram denunciados como elementos perigosos à tranquilidade pública. Para tal, não eram precisas provas: a informação policial era suficiente!”

(DIAS, Everardo. História das Lutas Sociais no Brasil. São Paulo: Alfa-Ômega, 1977; p.56)

Sobre a lei citada no trecho acima e seu contexto histórico, é correto afirmar que

A imagem acima da escultura de Doríforo de Policleto é uma das mais conhecidas obras da Antiguidade Clássica, por traduzir o equilíbrio exato da proporção harmônica nas medidas do corpo humano. A arte grega livre de imposições ou normas estilísticas, valorizava o homem, devido