Prova de 2017: Centro de Estudos Superiores de Maceió - Centro Universitário — questões com gabarito

Analise o mapa do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) e assinale a alternativa correta.

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As regards the California nursing home residents demographics above it is true to state that

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The Healing Power of Music

What better “medicine” than a “treatment” that has only positive side effects and “therapy” that is actually enjoyable? Music is shown to have the ability to help organize the brain; especially vital to those who are afflicted with Alzheimer’s.

Studies have shown that the results of a musical therapy session last for several hours afterward. Positive results include elevated mood, increased socialization and appetite and reduction in agitation. These benefits are attributed to the stimulation the brain receives during a music therapy session, a sort of “cognitive workout”.

As speech, writing and traditional forms of communication are compromised, music provides an alternative means of maintaining a connection, thereby helping to normalize interaction between caregiver and patient. Music used therapeutically creates an environment where the patient can be nurtured and cared for in a way that is safe, gentle and appropriate. Music is central to maintaining human bonds when those with dementia have lost the ability to initiate communication or to respond verbally.

The powers of music when focused and used therapeutically are many. Critical to maintaining quality of life for those with Alzheimer’s is management of emotions and preserving the connection with others. Music is conducive to keeping those connections strong as long as possible while helping the participant to focus, increase awareness and orient to the environment. A number of research studies have looked at music therapy as an important adjunct to medical treatment and findings suggest a possible link between the use of music and slowing the progression of dementia.

Music is primal to life and expressed by each of us every day whether through dancing to a favorite tune, keeping rhythm with a pencil or remembering a special time when hearing a forgotten melody. It is central to our lives and is embedded in our culture, defining how we acknowledge milestones, rites of passage and celebrations as well as providing comfort, transformation and inspiration.

         Acessado em 14 de abril de 2017. Adaptado

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Abstract

Skipping breakfast can be potentially harmful because breakfast consumption is considered one of the important health-related behaviors that benefit physical and mental health. As the rate of depression has increased recently, we investigated the association between the frequency of eating breakfast and depression in adults. We obtained the data from the 2013 Korean Community Health Survey; a total of 207,710 survey participants aged 20 years or over were studied. Participants were categorized into three groups by the frequency of breakfast consumption as follows: “seldom,” “sometimes,” and “always.” We performed a multiple logistic regression to investigate the association between breakfast consumption and depressive mood. Subgroup analyses were conducted by stratifying socioeconomic variables controlling for variables known to be associated with depressive symptoms. Participants who had breakfast seldom or sometimes had higher depressive symptoms than those who always ate breakfast (“seldom”: OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.36–1.52; “sometimes”: OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.23–1.40). Subgroup analyses showed that this association was more marked in those who were 80 years or older, those who had low household income, or those with elementary school education level or less. The result of this study suggests that lack of breakfast consumption is associated with depression among adults with different socioeconomic factors.

Adaptado de: Acessado em 18 de abril de 2017

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Abstract

Skipping breakfast can be potentially harmful because breakfast consumption is considered one of the important health-related behaviors that benefit physical and mental health. As the rate of depression has increased recently, we investigated the association between the frequency of eating breakfast and depression in adults. We obtained the data from the 2013 Korean Community Health Survey; a total of 207,710 survey participants aged 20 years or over were studied. Participants were categorized into three groups by the frequency of breakfast consumption as follows: “seldom,” “sometimes,” and “always.” We performed a multiple logistic regression to investigate the association between breakfast consumption and depressive mood. Subgroup analyses were conducted by stratifying socioeconomic variables controlling for variables known to be associated with depressive symptoms. Participants who had breakfast seldom or sometimes had higher depressive symptoms than those who always ate breakfast (“seldom”: OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.36–1.52; “sometimes”: OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.23–1.40). Subgroup analyses showed that this association was more marked in those who were 80 years or older, those who had low household income, or those with elementary school education level or less. The result of this study suggests that lack of breakfast consumption is associated with depression among adults with different socioeconomic factors.

Adaptado de: Acessado em 18 de abril de 2017

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Yellow Fever — Once Again on the Radar Screen in the Americas

Over the past several weeks, a fifth arbovirus, yellow fever virus, has broken out in Brazil, with the majority of the infections occurring in rural areas of the country. These are referred to as sylvatic, or jungle, cases, since the typical transmission cycle occurs between forest mosquitoes and forest-dwelling nonhuman primates, with humans serving only as incidental hosts. In this ongoing outbreak, health authorities have reported 234 confirmed infections and 80 confirmed deaths as of February 2017. Confirmed infections have occurred in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, and São Paulo, and hundreds of additional cases remain under investigation. The high number of cases is out of proportion to the number reported in a typical year in these areas.

Although there is currently no evidence that human-tohuman transmission through Aedes aegypti mosquitoes (urban transmission) has occurred, the outbreak is affecting areas in close proximity to major urban centers where yellow fever vaccine is not routinely administered. This proximity raises concern that, for the first time in decades, urban transmission of yellow fever will occur in Brazil.

Yellow fever is the most severe arbovirus ever to circulate in the Americas, and although vaccination campaigns and vector-control efforts have eliminated it from many areas, sylvatic transmission cycles continue to occur in endemic tropical regions. The most recent outbreak in Brazil highlights this phenomenon. If the current outbreak leads to urban spread through A. aegypti mosquitoes, clinicians should adopt a high index of suspicion for yellow fever, particularly in travelers returning from affected regions. As with all potentially reemerging infectious diseases, public health awareness and preparedness are essential to prevent a resurgence of this historical threat.

        Adaptado de: Acessado em 15 de abril de 2017.

Analise o poema, transcrito abaixo.

A água é falsa, a água é boa.
Nada, nadador!
A água é mansa, a água é doida,
aqui é fria, ali é morna,
a água é fêmea.
Nada, nadador!
A água sobe, a água desce,
a água é mansa, a água é doida.
Nada, nadador!
A água te lambe, a água te abraça,
a água te leva, a água te mata.
Nada, nadador!
Senão, o que restará de ti, nadador?
Nada, nadador!

                                    Jorge de Lima. Poemas escolhidos.

Veja acima o poema O Nadador, de autoria do poeta alagoano Jorge Lima. Analise os comentários que são feitos acerca de sua obra e, particularmente, acerca desse poema. 

1) O poema exibe uma grande incidência de recursos reiterativos, sobretudo no âmbito da forma.

2) O poeta emprestou ao poema uma elaboração dialógica, muito semelhante às práticas sociais da conversação coloquial.

3) A obra poética de Jorge de Lima se insere na segunda geração dos modernistas brasileiros. Revelou-se um artista multifacetado, em constante mudança, pois recorreu a diferentes estilos e perspectivas estéticas.

4) Os dois últimos versos são bastante expressivos, pois exploram os efeitos de sentido provocados pelo recurso a uma homonímia.

Estão corretas as alternativas:  

Ciência e aquecimento global

1. O que até recentemente parecia ficção tomou forma na realidade como desafio que exige – se não solução imediata, algo bem provável – ao menos encaminhamento promissor.

2. O aquecimento global, como consequência da liberação crescente na atmosfera de gases de efeito estufa, é o maior impacto ambiental da história da civilização, o que não significa que aponte para o final dos tempos. (...)

3. O conhecimento científico tem participação ampla e profunda tanto no processo de aquecimento da Terra como nos encaminhamentos para evitar uma tragédia de proporções inéditas para a humanidade. Foram avanços de natureza científica – particularmente na termodinâmica, o estudo das transformações da energia – que permitiram a substituição de músculos humanos e animais pelas engrenagens das máquinas. Este mesmo conhecimento advertiu, já no século XIX, para o praticamente inevitável aquecimento futuro da atmosfera por elementos tão insuspeitos quanto vapor d’água e dióxido de carbono.

4. As manchetes dos jornais, anunciando a identificação do aquecimento global a partir de atividades humanas, fizeram do dióxido de carbono um vilão quase indefensável ao longo dos últimos meses. A verdade, no entanto, é que este gás é imprescindível para a vida como a conhecemos e, além disso, atua como cobertor químico, para fazer da Terra o mundo aconchegante que ela é.

5. Quais as possibilidades de o atual conhecimento científico permitir uma reversão deste processo, ainda que nem tudo volte a ser como antes?

6. A identificação do aquecimento global como de origem antrópica, devidamente separada de causas naturais que já foram responsáveis por esta ocorrência mais de uma vez na história da Terra, certamente não deve passar despercebida. Assim, o obstáculo maior, ao que tudo indica, não está no estoque de conhecimentos – promissores ainda que não ilimitados – mas na necessidade de mudança de hábitos, pela primeira vez na história da civilização, de toda a humanidade.

            (Ponto de Vista. Scientific American Brasil, São Paulo: Ed. Especial, dez. 2003, p. 7)

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In 2017 the protestant church is celebrating an important event: the 500th anniversary of the Reformation

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Death of The Death Care Industry

Death is a dying industry with an economic phenomenon. As Americans perceived value of “traditional” funerals diminish, the cost of funerals have increased nearly 1,328% in just four decades. In 1960 the average cost of a funeral was $706 when only 3.56% of bodies were cremated. Today the average traditional funeral costs between $8,000 and $10,000, and about 42% of people are cremated. The US funeral industry accounts for about $20 billion in annual economic activity, with around 130,000 employees that make a living on the 1.5 million people that go to rest each year. 

Many communities have turned a blind eye to what goes on inside funeral homes, as many people prefer not to know the ins and out of the business. In addition, grieving customers in need of funeral goods and services may not be in a healthy state of mind to make financial decisions. Grief has similar side effects of alcohol consumption, such as numbness, guilt, and depression, resulting in less alert and price sensitive customers. In addition, the funeral industry is somewhat taboo in the sense that communities in general don’t communicate with one another about what are acceptable practices in this industry. 

Some funeral service providers have taken advantage of this by encouraging the lack of transparency in the industry, charging exorbitant prices for funeral goods and services and charging people who appear to be wealthy higher prices. After Jessica Mitford published The American Way of Death in 1963, to expose the abuses in the funeral industry, a groundswell of support for government  intervention followed. Under President Ronald Reagan The Funeral Rule was first enacted to protect consumers from deceptive practices, but the rule has yet to put the nail in the coffin.

Adaptado de: <https://www.forbes.com/sites/perianneboring/2014/04/25/the-death-of-the-death-care-industry-and-eternal-life-online/#389398011c1a>Acessado em 13 de outubro de 2017