Prova de 2023: Faculdades de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo — questões com gabarito

    O dentista me passou a receita de remédio para ajudar a cicatrizar melhor uma pequena cirurgia. Parei na primeira farmácia. Aliás, uma grande farmácia, pertencente a uma dessas redes. Farmácia se tornou supermercado. A gente entra, recebe cestinha, procura os remédios nas gôndolas. E importamos o costume norte-americano de drugstore. Tem de tudo, de remédios a bolachas, leite em pó, calcinha e sutiãs, refrigerantes. Aguardem: cachorro-quente!

    Pois o jovem que me serviu apanhou a receita, olhou, reolhou e perguntou:

“Parei na primeira farmácia. Aliás, uma grande farmácia, pertencente a uma dessas redes. Farmácia se tornou supermercado.” (1o parágrafo)

No contexto em que se insere, o termo sublinhado expressa ideia de

Com sua divisa — inutilia truncat —, esses poetas expressaram seu repúdio às “coisas inúteis” que adornavam pesadamente a poesia barroca. Julgando que esta correspondera ao desequilíbrio e à decadência dos valores clássicos, queriam restaurar a supremacia da autêntica poesia clássica. Para consegui-lo, empreenderam uma espécie de viagem no tempo, em busca das fontes originárias do Classicismo. Desprezando o Barroco, detiveram-se no século XVI e dele resgataram o pastoralismo e a poesia camoniana.

(Massaud Moisés. A literatura portuguesa, 1992. Adaptado.)

O texto refere-se aos poetas

   British workers are increasingly likely to work into their 70s, according to a research that found the cost of living crisis has left older people with little choice but to stay in employment. There were 446,601 people above the age of 70 still in work in 2022, a rise of 61% compared with 277,926 in 2012, said Rest Less, an online community for the over-50s that offers advice to older workers.

   While most of the over-70s workforce is male, the rise has been more significant among women, most likely in response to the gradual equalisation of pension ages between 2010 and 2020. Women were previously able to retire five years earlier. The number of women working beyond the age of 70 is up 66% since 2012, compared with an increase of 58% for men.

    Stuart Lewis, the chief executive of Rest Less, drew a comparison between older workers and King Charles, but acknowledged that most continue working “for very different reasons” to the hereditary monarch. “At the age of 74, King Charles is a fantastic example of someone who both enjoys, and benefits from, continuing to work post-state pension1 age,” said Lewis. “Our latest analysis shows that there are far more over-70s in the workplace today than a decade ago. Until Covid hit and life expectancy dropped for the first time in a decade, there were more people reaching their state pension age than ever before, which meant there were more experienced people in the workplace than ever before too.”

    Lewis said many of those reaching the theoretical age of retirement were staying in the workplace for lack of any other option. “Like King Charles, many of these people will have no choice but to work, although for very different reasons to the king. We see many older workers today who are struggling to survive amidst the cost of living crisis, with inadequate retirement savings meaning they must work in order to survive financially.” The state pension age in the United Kingdom (UK) is 66 for men and women but is due to start rising from 2026.

(Rob Davies. www.theguardian.com, 30.04.2023. Adaptado.)

1      state pension: a regular payment from the government to someone who does not work anymore.

   British workers are increasingly likely to work into their 70s, according to a research that found the cost of living crisis has left older people with little choice but to stay in employment. There were 446,601 people above the age of 70 still in work in 2022, a rise of 61% compared with 277,926 in 2012, said Rest Less, an online community for the over-50s that offers advice to older workers.

   While most of the over-70s workforce is male, the rise has been more significant among women, most likely in response to the gradual equalisation of pension ages between 2010 and 2020. Women were previously able to retire five years earlier. The number of women working beyond the age of 70 is up 66% since 2012, compared with an increase of 58% for men.

    Stuart Lewis, the chief executive of Rest Less, drew a comparison between older workers and King Charles, but acknowledged that most continue working “for very different reasons” to the hereditary monarch. “At the age of 74, King Charles is a fantastic example of someone who both enjoys, and benefits from, continuing to work post-state pension1 age,” said Lewis. “Our latest analysis shows that there are far more over-70s in the workplace today than a decade ago. Until Covid hit and life expectancy dropped for the first time in a decade, there were more people reaching their state pension age than ever before, which meant there were more experienced people in the workplace than ever before too.”

    Lewis said many of those reaching the theoretical age of retirement were staying in the workplace for lack of any other option. “Like King Charles, many of these people will have no choice but to work, although for very different reasons to the king. We see many older workers today who are struggling to survive amidst the cost of living crisis, with inadequate retirement savings meaning they must work in order to survive financially.” The state pension age in the United Kingdom (UK) is 66 for men and women but is due to start rising from 2026.

(Rob Davies. www.theguardian.com, 30.04.2023. Adaptado.)

1      state pension: a regular payment from the government to someone who does not work anymore.

   British workers are increasingly likely to work into their 70s, according to a research that found the cost of living crisis has left older people with little choice but to stay in employment. There were 446,601 people above the age of 70 still in work in 2022, a rise of 61% compared with 277,926 in 2012, said Rest Less, an online community for the over-50s that offers advice to older workers.

   While most of the over-70s workforce is male, the rise has been more significant among women, most likely in response to the gradual equalisation of pension ages between 2010 and 2020. Women were previously able to retire five years earlier. The number of women working beyond the age of 70 is up 66% since 2012, compared with an increase of 58% for men.

    Stuart Lewis, the chief executive of Rest Less, drew a comparison between older workers and King Charles, but acknowledged that most continue working “for very different reasons” to the hereditary monarch. “At the age of 74, King Charles is a fantastic example of someone who both enjoys, and benefits from, continuing to work post-state pension1 age,” said Lewis. “Our latest analysis shows that there are far more over-70s in the workplace today than a decade ago. Until Covid hit and life expectancy dropped for the first time in a decade, there were more people reaching their state pension age than ever before, which meant there were more experienced people in the workplace than ever before too.”

    Lewis said many of those reaching the theoretical age of retirement were staying in the workplace for lack of any other option. “Like King Charles, many of these people will have no choice but to work, although for very different reasons to the king. We see many older workers today who are struggling to survive amidst the cost of living crisis, with inadequate retirement savings meaning they must work in order to survive financially.” The state pension age in the United Kingdom (UK) is 66 for men and women but is due to start rising from 2026.

(Rob Davies. www.theguardian.com, 30.04.2023. Adaptado.)

1      state pension: a regular payment from the government to someone who does not work anymore.

   British workers are increasingly likely to work into their 70s, according to a research that found the cost of living crisis has left older people with little choice but to stay in employment. There were 446,601 people above the age of 70 still in work in 2022, a rise of 61% compared with 277,926 in 2012, said Rest Less, an online community for the over-50s that offers advice to older workers.

   While most of the over-70s workforce is male, the rise has been more significant among women, most likely in response to the gradual equalisation of pension ages between 2010 and 2020. Women were previously able to retire five years earlier. The number of women working beyond the age of 70 is up 66% since 2012, compared with an increase of 58% for men.

    Stuart Lewis, the chief executive of Rest Less, drew a comparison between older workers and King Charles, but acknowledged that most continue working “for very different reasons” to the hereditary monarch. “At the age of 74, King Charles is a fantastic example of someone who both enjoys, and benefits from, continuing to work post-state pension1 age,” said Lewis. “Our latest analysis shows that there are far more over-70s in the workplace today than a decade ago. Until Covid hit and life expectancy dropped for the first time in a decade, there were more people reaching their state pension age than ever before, which meant there were more experienced people in the workplace than ever before too.”

    Lewis said many of those reaching the theoretical age of retirement were staying in the workplace for lack of any other option. “Like King Charles, many of these people will have no choice but to work, although for very different reasons to the king. We see many older workers today who are struggling to survive amidst the cost of living crisis, with inadequate retirement savings meaning they must work in order to survive financially.” The state pension age in the United Kingdom (UK) is 66 for men and women but is due to start rising from 2026.

(Rob Davies. www.theguardian.com, 30.04.2023. Adaptado.)

1      state pension: a regular payment from the government to someone who does not work anymore.

No trecho do quarto parágrafo “in order to survive financially”, a expressão sublinhada transmite a ideia de 

Leia o pôster de uma campanha da Universidade Cornell sobre a inclusão de pessoas com deficiência.

De acordo com o pôster, a universidade pretende

Inundada e adubada a cada ano pela cheia do Nilo, contanto que não fosse nem demasiado violenta nem insuficiente, a terra do Egito gozou, desde suas origens, de uma espantosa fertilidade. A vocação do país é portanto essencialmente agrícola, a tal ponto que o ciclo da vegetação ditou um calendário de três estações: a Inundação, a Germinação, a Colheita, cada uma comportando quatro meses de 30 dias.

(Bernadette Menu. Ramsés II: soberano dos soberanos, 2002.)

O excerto descreve as condições materiais de sobrevivência social no Egito da Antiguidade, que

Se a China continuar crescendo, nas próximas três décadas, no mesmo ritmo de desenvolvimento iniciado em 1978, ela se converterá na maior nação produtora do mundo, tal como era antes das viagens de Cristóvão Colombo e Vasco da Gama.

(Robert C. Allen. Historia económica mundial. Una breve introducción, 2022.)

No período citado no final do excerto, a economia chinesa foi superada por outros centros econômicos devido, entre outros fatores,

Hidalgo esteve à frente de um exército popular e, nos poucos documentos escritos que deixou, aparecem decretos que vinham ao encontro das aspirações dos mais pobres. Por exemplo, em 5 de dezembro de 1810, ordenava a restituição às comunidades indígenas das terras que lhes pertenciam e que tinham sido usurpadas. Tomava, a seguir, duas medidas fundamentais: abolia o pagamento dos tributos indígenas e decretava o fim da escravidão.

(Maria Lígia Coelho Prado. América Latina no século XIX: tramas, telas e textos, 2014.)

De acordo com o excerto, o projeto político de Miguel Hidalgo, líder das lutas de independência do México,

Examine a fotografia de Marc Ferrez, que registra o embarque do café para a Europa no Porto de Santos, São Paulo, em 1895.

A fotografia revela uma característica destacada do período:

Em Versalhes, onde foi realizada a conferência de paz, falou-se muito, por inspiração do presidente americano Woodrow Wilson, de uma nova ordem internacional baseada em autodeterminação e segurança coletiva. Entretanto, depois que tudo foi traçado e assinado, parecia uma outra versão da velha história familiar: ao vencedor, o espólio.

(Niall Ferguson. Império: como os britânicos fizeram o mundo moderno, 2021.)

O excerto refere-se

No Segundo Governo Getúlio Vargas foram criados, por exemplo: o Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico (BNDE), em 1952; a PETROBRAS, em 1953; e foi enviado ao Congresso Nacional, em 1954, o projeto que propunha a criação da ELETROBRAS.

(Marcelo Squinca da Silva. “Infraestrutura e energia elétrica: modernização e desenvolvimento no Brasil.” In: Luiz Eduardo S. Souza e Maria de Fátima S. C. Previdelli (orgs.). História econômica do Brasil contemporâneo, 2022. Adaptado.)

Essas realizações ocorreram em meio a um debate político que

A Papua Nova Guiné e os Estados Unidos assinaram um acordo de segurança que autoriza o acesso das tropas norte- -americanas aos portos e aeroportos dessa pequena nação do Pacífico sul. O primeiro-ministro de Papua Nova Guiné, James Marape, informou que combinou com os Estados Unidos outros dois acordos de cooperação no âmbito de defesa e vigilância marítima.

(https://noticias.uol.com.br, 18.05.2023. Adaptado.)

Esses acordos evidenciam a tentativa dos Estados Unidos de

Paris se insere no contexto das diversas metrópoles que, nas últimas décadas, viram a difusão gradual do fenômeno de gentrificação em suas áreas centrais. Verificou-se, assim, uma extensão espacial das tendências de gentrificação, que englobaram bairros tradicionalmente populares e caracterizados pela presença de população imigrante, como Belleville e La Goutte d’Or. Logo, esse fenômeno embasa-se em temporalidades distintas, uma vez que coexistem espaços de gentrificação consumada e gentrificação em processo de emergência.

(Eugênia D. V. Cerqueira. “A oferta de Airbnb como expressão da gentrificação e da turistificação em Paris”. Geousp, 2021. Adaptado.)

O processo de gentrificação que ocorre em Paris tem como característica

Analise o esquema que simula e compara o custo do transporte de carga saindo do munícipio de Lucas do Rio Verde (MT) com destino aos portos de Santos (SP) e Santarém (PA).

A comparação apresentada no esquema demonstra que 

O mapeamento participativo envolve o recolhimento de depoimentos dos indígenas, particularmente os anciãos, que descrevem os problemas enfrentados e os postos-chave da área reivindicada. Em seguida, são feitos os chamados mapas mentais, em que o território pode ser desenhado à mão livre. Em algumas ocasiões, o processo também inclui a realização de oficinas de cartografia. Segue-se o trabalho de campo, em que as áreas mais significativas são visitadas e registradas com GPS. Os dados recolhidos são sobrepostos a imagens de satélite.

(Diego Viana. https://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br, maio de 2023.)

O tipo de representação cartográfica mencionada no excerto é relevante para a

Algumas plantas formam, nas raízes, nódulos ricos em bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio atmosférico. Nessas plantas, essas bactérias favorecem a síntese de compostos orgânicos nitrogenados. Esses nódulos são encontrados nas raízes