Questões do ENEM: Linguagens e Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG)

Use os filtros para chegar às questões que interessam. Cada resultado abre em uma página própria com enunciado, alternativas e gabarito.

Resultados

392 questões encontradas. Mostrando a página 4 de 20.

  • 7D743EE3-68

    Português

    Interpretação de Textos
    UEG · 2024FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    A construção social do ser humano


    Q6.png (671×480)

    Q6-1.png (669×158)



    BERGER, Peter L.; LUCKMANN, Thomas. A construção social da realidade: tratado de sociologia do conhecimento. 36. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2014. p. 68-73. [Adaptado].

    O texto “A construção social do ser humano” tem como objetivo
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 7d743ee3-68
  • 7D71DF3B-68

    Português

    Interpretação de Textos
    UEG · 2024Muito fácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    A construção social do ser humano


    Q6.png (671×480)

    Q6-1.png (669×158)



    BERGER, Peter L.; LUCKMANN, Thomas. A construção social da realidade: tratado de sociologia do conhecimento. 36. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2014. p. 68-73. [Adaptado].

    É ideia defendida no texto:
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 7d71df3b-68
  • 7D6F7062-68

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    UEG · 2024FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    “Do No Harm” is a gripping memoir written by renowned neurosurgeon Henry Marsh. Published in 2014, this book takes readers on a remarkable journey into the world of neurosurgery, offering a glimpse into the high stakes and complex nature of this critical medical profession. The quotes that follow are part of this book:



    I - "An effective doctor operates not just with their scalpel, but with their words, their presence, and their healing touch” (Marsh, 2014).


    II - “To be a doctor is to be a lifelong student, forever humbled by the complexity and mystery of the human body” (Marsh, 2014).


    Disponível em: https://www.bookey.app/quote-book/do-no-harm. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2024. [Adaptado].



    Considering quotes I and II, it can be stated that

    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 7d6f7062-68
  • 7D6CFF87-68

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    UEG · 2024FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    The information the doctors is expressing is:




    Q4.png (315×255)


    Disponível em: https://www.glasbergen.com/. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2024

    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 7d6cff87-68
  • 7D6A8F04-68

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    UEG · 2024MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Making family medicine a more attractive specialty: strategies to address the shortage of primary care specialists in Brazil



    Primary Health Care (PHC) is often the first level of the health system and is responsible for the coordination of medical and interdisciplinary care. As the preferred entry point to the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), PHC is of fundamental importance and is present in all regions of the country. It aims to enable access to health care and ensures the coordination and completeness of care. This structure can treat approximately 80% of the overall need related to diseases presented in the Basic Health Units.


    Despite its importance, the valorization of PHC and Family Medicine (FM) as a discipline and a public policy has not been prioritized in most Brazilian educational institutions. According to the study on medical demography carried out by the Regional Medical Council of São Paulo (CREMESP), Brazil had 500,000 physicians in 2020, but with unequal distribution among the nation’s five regions, and a concentration of professionals in the capital cities compared to the countryside.


     This issue is faced by many countries. In the United States (US) of 8,116 primary care postgraduate training positions (which includes pediatrics, internal medicine, and family doctors), 42 percent were filled by graduates of U.S. medical schools and the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) projects a shortage of 21,100 to 55,200 primary care physicians (PCP) by 2034. In Europe, where PCP was traditionally respected and recognized, the lack of General Practitioners (GP) is also increasing and is a matter of concern. Workload and a lack of perceived prestige associated with the PCP track can make primary care less attractive. These sorts of misconceptions, along with lower salaries, burnout, and difficult career advancement makes primary care a difficult specialty to attract and retain doctors.


    For Feuerwerker, vacancies in Brazilian institutions are the result of several elements: the encouragement of distinctive specialties and institutions, the historical misunderstanding and importance of the practice, and the increased incentive of specialization in medical education. The lack of investments in supplies and infrastructure in primary care, career development concerns, and low salaries, and the valorization of the formation of FM doctors in the work of the EFS also contribute to difficulty in retaining these positions in Brazil.


    With the aim to reduce the vacancy rate in the medical residency programs for FM, some Brazilian health departments introduced reforms and additional financing for FM training. In 2020, the region of Campinas, where we work, introduced a program called “More Doctors for the City of Campinas” (PMMC), which established a partnership between public and private higher education institutions, hospitals, and Urgency/Emergency Units with a novel post-graduation proposal for FM. It created a program to support the training of specialists in family medicine, stimulate research, and expand care in Basic Health Units, and has since resulted in a 50% decrease in vacancies.


    One of the successful elements of the Campinas program, together with quality of medical training, is that it helps bring medical classroom training closer to the community and everyday social reality. PMMC-trained physicians are aware of how their work impacts the local community and its particular health needs. The program has resulted in care that is more responsive to community needs, especially from the perspective of adopting a care model that prioritizes health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in an integrated manner. However, for the EFS to continue to innovate and improve its response capacity to contemporary health problems, it must invest heavily in professional training, the rational incorporation of information and communication technologies, and the creation of appropriate working conditions for multidisciplinary teams.


    Disponível em: https://speakingofmedicine.plos.org/2023/01/13/. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2024. [Adaptado]. 

    The Campinas program
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 7d6a8f04-68
  • 7D6809CF-68

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    UEG · 2024FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Making family medicine a more attractive specialty: strategies to address the shortage of primary care specialists in Brazil



    Primary Health Care (PHC) is often the first level of the health system and is responsible for the coordination of medical and interdisciplinary care. As the preferred entry point to the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), PHC is of fundamental importance and is present in all regions of the country. It aims to enable access to health care and ensures the coordination and completeness of care. This structure can treat approximately 80% of the overall need related to diseases presented in the Basic Health Units.


    Despite its importance, the valorization of PHC and Family Medicine (FM) as a discipline and a public policy has not been prioritized in most Brazilian educational institutions. According to the study on medical demography carried out by the Regional Medical Council of São Paulo (CREMESP), Brazil had 500,000 physicians in 2020, but with unequal distribution among the nation’s five regions, and a concentration of professionals in the capital cities compared to the countryside.


     This issue is faced by many countries. In the United States (US) of 8,116 primary care postgraduate training positions (which includes pediatrics, internal medicine, and family doctors), 42 percent were filled by graduates of U.S. medical schools and the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) projects a shortage of 21,100 to 55,200 primary care physicians (PCP) by 2034. In Europe, where PCP was traditionally respected and recognized, the lack of General Practitioners (GP) is also increasing and is a matter of concern. Workload and a lack of perceived prestige associated with the PCP track can make primary care less attractive. These sorts of misconceptions, along with lower salaries, burnout, and difficult career advancement makes primary care a difficult specialty to attract and retain doctors.


    For Feuerwerker, vacancies in Brazilian institutions are the result of several elements: the encouragement of distinctive specialties and institutions, the historical misunderstanding and importance of the practice, and the increased incentive of specialization in medical education. The lack of investments in supplies and infrastructure in primary care, career development concerns, and low salaries, and the valorization of the formation of FM doctors in the work of the EFS also contribute to difficulty in retaining these positions in Brazil.


    With the aim to reduce the vacancy rate in the medical residency programs for FM, some Brazilian health departments introduced reforms and additional financing for FM training. In 2020, the region of Campinas, where we work, introduced a program called “More Doctors for the City of Campinas” (PMMC), which established a partnership between public and private higher education institutions, hospitals, and Urgency/Emergency Units with a novel post-graduation proposal for FM. It created a program to support the training of specialists in family medicine, stimulate research, and expand care in Basic Health Units, and has since resulted in a 50% decrease in vacancies.


    One of the successful elements of the Campinas program, together with quality of medical training, is that it helps bring medical classroom training closer to the community and everyday social reality. PMMC-trained physicians are aware of how their work impacts the local community and its particular health needs. The program has resulted in care that is more responsive to community needs, especially from the perspective of adopting a care model that prioritizes health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in an integrated manner. However, for the EFS to continue to innovate and improve its response capacity to contemporary health problems, it must invest heavily in professional training, the rational incorporation of information and communication technologies, and the creation of appropriate working conditions for multidisciplinary teams.


    Disponível em: https://speakingofmedicine.plos.org/2023/01/13/. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2024. [Adaptado]. 

    A problem mentioned in the text is:
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 7d6809cf-68
  • 7D650B6C-68

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    UEG · 2024FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Making family medicine a more attractive specialty: strategies to address the shortage of primary care specialists in Brazil



    Primary Health Care (PHC) is often the first level of the health system and is responsible for the coordination of medical and interdisciplinary care. As the preferred entry point to the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), PHC is of fundamental importance and is present in all regions of the country. It aims to enable access to health care and ensures the coordination and completeness of care. This structure can treat approximately 80% of the overall need related to diseases presented in the Basic Health Units.


    Despite its importance, the valorization of PHC and Family Medicine (FM) as a discipline and a public policy has not been prioritized in most Brazilian educational institutions. According to the study on medical demography carried out by the Regional Medical Council of São Paulo (CREMESP), Brazil had 500,000 physicians in 2020, but with unequal distribution among the nation’s five regions, and a concentration of professionals in the capital cities compared to the countryside.


     This issue is faced by many countries. In the United States (US) of 8,116 primary care postgraduate training positions (which includes pediatrics, internal medicine, and family doctors), 42 percent were filled by graduates of U.S. medical schools and the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) projects a shortage of 21,100 to 55,200 primary care physicians (PCP) by 2034. In Europe, where PCP was traditionally respected and recognized, the lack of General Practitioners (GP) is also increasing and is a matter of concern. Workload and a lack of perceived prestige associated with the PCP track can make primary care less attractive. These sorts of misconceptions, along with lower salaries, burnout, and difficult career advancement makes primary care a difficult specialty to attract and retain doctors.


    For Feuerwerker, vacancies in Brazilian institutions are the result of several elements: the encouragement of distinctive specialties and institutions, the historical misunderstanding and importance of the practice, and the increased incentive of specialization in medical education. The lack of investments in supplies and infrastructure in primary care, career development concerns, and low salaries, and the valorization of the formation of FM doctors in the work of the EFS also contribute to difficulty in retaining these positions in Brazil.


    With the aim to reduce the vacancy rate in the medical residency programs for FM, some Brazilian health departments introduced reforms and additional financing for FM training. In 2020, the region of Campinas, where we work, introduced a program called “More Doctors for the City of Campinas” (PMMC), which established a partnership between public and private higher education institutions, hospitals, and Urgency/Emergency Units with a novel post-graduation proposal for FM. It created a program to support the training of specialists in family medicine, stimulate research, and expand care in Basic Health Units, and has since resulted in a 50% decrease in vacancies.


    One of the successful elements of the Campinas program, together with quality of medical training, is that it helps bring medical classroom training closer to the community and everyday social reality. PMMC-trained physicians are aware of how their work impacts the local community and its particular health needs. The program has resulted in care that is more responsive to community needs, especially from the perspective of adopting a care model that prioritizes health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in an integrated manner. However, for the EFS to continue to innovate and improve its response capacity to contemporary health problems, it must invest heavily in professional training, the rational incorporation of information and communication technologies, and the creation of appropriate working conditions for multidisciplinary teams.


    Disponível em: https://speakingofmedicine.plos.org/2023/01/13/. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2024. [Adaptado]. 

    According to the text, Primary Health Care (PHC)
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 7d650b6c-68
  • DFA8F5EE-F4

    Literatura

    Escolas Literárias
    UEG · 2019FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    Imagem da questão de Literatura, da prova de 2019

    VERMEER, Johannes. La Latière vers (1660). In. Beaux Arts & hors - série Vermeer et les maîtres de la peinture hollandaise. Paris, 2017. p. 43. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2019. 




    Iracema, a virgem dos lábios de mel, que tinha os cabelos mais negros que a asa da graúna, e mais longos que seu talhe de palmeira.
    O favo da jati não era doce como seu sorriso; nem a baunilha recendia no bosque seu hálito perfumado.
    Mais rápida que a ema selvagem, a morena virgem corria o sertão e as matas do Ipu, onde campeava sua guerreira tribo, da grande nação tabajara. O pé grácil e nu, mal roçando, alisava apenas a verde pelúcia que vestia a terra com as primeiras águas. 

    ALENCAR, José de. Iracema. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2006. p. 15.
    A construção das imagens femininas, tanto na pintura de Vermeer quanto no fragmento de Alencar, indicam respectivamente
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão dfa8f5ee-f4
  • DFA5E6F3-F4

    Literatura

    Escolas Literárias
    UEG · 2019MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    Imagem da questão de Literatura, da prova de 2019

    VERMEER, Johannes. La Latière vers (1660). In. Beaux Arts & hors - série Vermeer et les maîtres de la peinture hollandaise. Paris, 2017. p. 43. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2019. 




    Iracema, a virgem dos lábios de mel, que tinha os cabelos mais negros que a asa da graúna, e mais longos que seu talhe de palmeira.
    O favo da jati não era doce como seu sorriso; nem a baunilha recendia no bosque seu hálito perfumado.
    Mais rápida que a ema selvagem, a morena virgem corria o sertão e as matas do Ipu, onde campeava sua guerreira tribo, da grande nação tabajara. O pé grácil e nu, mal roçando, alisava apenas a verde pelúcia que vestia a terra com as primeiras águas. 

    ALENCAR, José de. Iracema. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2006. p. 15.
    Relativamente ao modo como as personagens femininas são vislumbradas e construídas, tanto na pintura de Vermeer quanto no romance de Alencar, tem-se o seguinte:
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão dfa5e6f3-f4
  • DFA20655-F4

    Literatura

    Escolas Literárias
    UEG · 2019FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    Imagem da questão de Literatura, da prova de 2019

    MUNCH, Edvard. Kneeling Female Nude Crying, (1919).Disponível em:<https://br.pinterest.com/pin/256494141249676234/?lp=true>. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2019.




    Soneto da separação


    De repente do riso fez-se o pranto
    Silencioso e branco como a bruma
    E das bocas unidas fez-se a espuma
    E das mãos espalmadas fez-se o espanto.


    De repente da calma fez-se o vento
    Que dos olhos desfez a última chama
    E da paixão fez-se o pressentimento
    E do momento imóvel fez-se o drama.


    De repente, não mais que de repente
    Fez-se de triste o que se fez amante
    E de sozinho o que se fez contente.


    Fez-se do amigo próximo o distante
    Fez-se da vida uma aventura errante
    De repente, não mais que de repente.


    MORAES, Vinícius de. Soneto da separação. In: Antologia poética.
    São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2009. p.177.

    O soneto, embora modernista, é modulado por um tom romântico, ao passo que a pintura é
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão dfa20655-f4
  • DF9E8E38-F4

    Literatura

    Escolas Literárias
    UEG · 2019Muito fácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    Imagem da questão de Literatura, da prova de 2019

    MUNCH, Edvard. Kneeling Female Nude Crying, (1919).Disponível em:<https://br.pinterest.com/pin/256494141249676234/?lp=true>. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2019.




    Soneto da separação


    De repente do riso fez-se o pranto
    Silencioso e branco como a bruma
    E das bocas unidas fez-se a espuma
    E das mãos espalmadas fez-se o espanto.


    De repente da calma fez-se o vento
    Que dos olhos desfez a última chama
    E da paixão fez-se o pressentimento
    E do momento imóvel fez-se o drama.


    De repente, não mais que de repente
    Fez-se de triste o que se fez amante
    E de sozinho o que se fez contente.


    Fez-se do amigo próximo o distante
    Fez-se da vida uma aventura errante
    De repente, não mais que de repente.


    MORAES, Vinícius de. Soneto da separação. In: Antologia poética.
    São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2009. p.177.

    Nota-se, tanto no poema quanto na pintura apresentados, o retrato de um sentimento de
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão df9e8e38-f4
  • DF9BAB27-F4

    Português

    Interpretação de Textos
    UEG · 2019FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Imagem da questão de Português, da prova de 2019

    No enunciado “A nossa formação histórica está marcada pela eliminação física do ‘outro’ ou por sua escravização, que também é uma forma violenta de negação de sua alteridade”, a oração adjetiva assume a seguinte função discursiva:
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão df9bab27-f4
  • DF98C2A9-F4

    Português

    Interpretação de Textos
    UEG · 2019FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Imagem da questão de Português, da prova de 2019

    Defende-se no texto a seguinte tese:
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão df98c2a9-f4
  • DF95E61E-F4

    Português

    Interpretação de Textos
    UEG · 2019MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Imagem da questão de Português, da prova de 2019

    O enunciado “É uma espécie de ‘inatenção polida’” contém uma forma de modalização discursiva na qual o autor apresenta
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão df95e61e-f4
  • DF92A3AF-F4

    Português

    Interpretação de Textos
    UEG · 2019DifícilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Imagem da questão de Português, da prova de 2019

    O processo de argumentação do texto é construído por meio de uma
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão df92a3af-f4
  • DF8F4B64-F4

    Português

    Interpretação de Textos
    UEG · 2019MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Leia a tirinha a seguir.

    Imagem da questão de Português, da prova de 2019


    A conversa estabelecida pelas personagens nos quadrinhos

    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão df8f4b64-f4
  • DF8BE454-F4

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    UEG · 2019DifícilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Observe o infográfico a seguir para responder à questão .


    Imagem da questão de Inglês, da prova de 2019


    According to the information expressed in the image and the data, The Global Goals, we verify that the 

    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão df8be454-f4
  • DF8764CA-F4

    Inglês

    Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects
    UEG · 2019DifícilEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    This is how UN scientists are preparing for the end of capitalism


               Capitalism as we know it is over. So suggests a new report commissioned by a group of scientists appointed by the UN secretary general. The main reason? We’re transitioning rapidly to a radically different global economy, due to our increasingly unsustainable exploitation of the planet’s environmental resources and the shift to less efficient energy sources .
        Climate change and species extinctions are accelerating even as societies are experiencing rising inequality, unemployment, slow economic growth, rising debt levels, and impotent governments. Contrary to the way policymakers usually think about these problems these are not really separate crises at all.
            These crises are part of the same fundamental transition. The new era is characterized by inefficient fossil fuel production and escalating costs of climate change. Conventional capitalist economic thinking can no longer explain, predict or solve the workings of the global economy in this new age.

    Energy shift

           Those are the implications of a new background paper prepared by a team of Finnish biophysicists who were asked to provide research that would feed into the drafting of the UN Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR), which will be released in 2019.
              For the “first time in human history”, the paper says, capitalist economies are “shifting to energy sources that are less energy efficient.” Producing usable energy (“exergy”) to keep powering “both basic and non-basic human activities” in industrial civilisation “will require more, not less, effort”.
            At the same time, our hunger for energy is driving what the paper refers to as “sink costs.” The greater our energy and material use, the more waste we generate, and so the greater the environmental costs. Though they can be ignored for a while, eventually those environmental costs translate directly into economic costs as it becomes more and more difficult to ignore their impacts on our societies.
             Overall, the amount of energy we can extract, compared to the energy we are using to extract it, is decreasing across the spectrum – unconventional oils, nuclear and renewables return less energy in generation than conventional oils, whose production has peaked – and societies need to abandon fossil fuels because of their impact on the climate.
             Whether or not this system still comprises a form of capitalism is ultimately a semantic question. It depends on how you define capitalism.
              Economic activity is driven by meaning – maintaining equal possibilities for the good life while lowering emissions dramatically – rather than profit, and the meaning is politically, collectively constructed. Well, this is the best conceivable case in terms of modern state and market institutions. It can’t happen without considerable reframing of economic-political thinking, in short words: rethinking capitalism as it is nowadays.



    Disponível em: <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/capitalism-un-scientists-preparing-end-fossil-fuels-warning-demise-a8523856.html>. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2019. (Adaptado).

    Considerando os aspectos linguísticos e estruturais presentes no texto, constata-se que
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão df8764ca-f4
  • DF83DC3A-F4

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    UEG · 2019DifícilEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    This is how UN scientists are preparing for the end of capitalism


               Capitalism as we know it is over. So suggests a new report commissioned by a group of scientists appointed by the UN secretary general. The main reason? We’re transitioning rapidly to a radically different global economy, due to our increasingly unsustainable exploitation of the planet’s environmental resources and the shift to less efficient energy sources .
        Climate change and species extinctions are accelerating even as societies are experiencing rising inequality, unemployment, slow economic growth, rising debt levels, and impotent governments. Contrary to the way policymakers usually think about these problems these are not really separate crises at all.
            These crises are part of the same fundamental transition. The new era is characterized by inefficient fossil fuel production and escalating costs of climate change. Conventional capitalist economic thinking can no longer explain, predict or solve the workings of the global economy in this new age.

    Energy shift

           Those are the implications of a new background paper prepared by a team of Finnish biophysicists who were asked to provide research that would feed into the drafting of the UN Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR), which will be released in 2019.
              For the “first time in human history”, the paper says, capitalist economies are “shifting to energy sources that are less energy efficient.” Producing usable energy (“exergy”) to keep powering “both basic and non-basic human activities” in industrial civilisation “will require more, not less, effort”.
            At the same time, our hunger for energy is driving what the paper refers to as “sink costs.” The greater our energy and material use, the more waste we generate, and so the greater the environmental costs. Though they can be ignored for a while, eventually those environmental costs translate directly into economic costs as it becomes more and more difficult to ignore their impacts on our societies.
             Overall, the amount of energy we can extract, compared to the energy we are using to extract it, is decreasing across the spectrum – unconventional oils, nuclear and renewables return less energy in generation than conventional oils, whose production has peaked – and societies need to abandon fossil fuels because of their impact on the climate.
             Whether or not this system still comprises a form of capitalism is ultimately a semantic question. It depends on how you define capitalism.
              Economic activity is driven by meaning – maintaining equal possibilities for the good life while lowering emissions dramatically – rather than profit, and the meaning is politically, collectively constructed. Well, this is the best conceivable case in terms of modern state and market institutions. It can’t happen without considerable reframing of economic-political thinking, in short words: rethinking capitalism as it is nowadays.



    Disponível em: <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/capitalism-un-scientists-preparing-end-fossil-fuels-warning-demise-a8523856.html>. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2019. (Adaptado).

    Considerando os aspectos semânticos presentes no texto, verifica-se que a construção
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão df83dc3a-f4
  • DF7E32B6-F4

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    UEG · 2019DifícilEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    This is how UN scientists are preparing for the end of capitalism


               Capitalism as we know it is over. So suggests a new report commissioned by a group of scientists appointed by the UN secretary general. The main reason? We’re transitioning rapidly to a radically different global economy, due to our increasingly unsustainable exploitation of the planet’s environmental resources and the shift to less efficient energy sources .
        Climate change and species extinctions are accelerating even as societies are experiencing rising inequality, unemployment, slow economic growth, rising debt levels, and impotent governments. Contrary to the way policymakers usually think about these problems these are not really separate crises at all.
            These crises are part of the same fundamental transition. The new era is characterized by inefficient fossil fuel production and escalating costs of climate change. Conventional capitalist economic thinking can no longer explain, predict or solve the workings of the global economy in this new age.

    Energy shift

           Those are the implications of a new background paper prepared by a team of Finnish biophysicists who were asked to provide research that would feed into the drafting of the UN Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR), which will be released in 2019.
              For the “first time in human history”, the paper says, capitalist economies are “shifting to energy sources that are less energy efficient.” Producing usable energy (“exergy”) to keep powering “both basic and non-basic human activities” in industrial civilisation “will require more, not less, effort”.
            At the same time, our hunger for energy is driving what the paper refers to as “sink costs.” The greater our energy and material use, the more waste we generate, and so the greater the environmental costs. Though they can be ignored for a while, eventually those environmental costs translate directly into economic costs as it becomes more and more difficult to ignore their impacts on our societies.
             Overall, the amount of energy we can extract, compared to the energy we are using to extract it, is decreasing across the spectrum – unconventional oils, nuclear and renewables return less energy in generation than conventional oils, whose production has peaked – and societies need to abandon fossil fuels because of their impact on the climate.
             Whether or not this system still comprises a form of capitalism is ultimately a semantic question. It depends on how you define capitalism.
              Economic activity is driven by meaning – maintaining equal possibilities for the good life while lowering emissions dramatically – rather than profit, and the meaning is politically, collectively constructed. Well, this is the best conceivable case in terms of modern state and market institutions. It can’t happen without considerable reframing of economic-political thinking, in short words: rethinking capitalism as it is nowadays.



    Disponível em: <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/capitalism-un-scientists-preparing-end-fossil-fuels-warning-demise-a8523856.html>. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2019. (Adaptado).

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