Questões do ENEM: Linguagens

Leia o trecho inicial do conto “Evolução”, de Machado de Assis, para responder à questão

    Chamo-me Inácio; ele, Benedito. Não digo o resto dos nossos nomes por um sentimento de compostura, que toda a gente discreta apreciará. Inácio basta. Contentem-se com Benedito. Não é muito, mas é alguma coisa, e está com a filosofia de Julieta: “Que valem nomes, perguntava ela ao namorado. A rosa, como quer que se lhe chame, terá sempre o mesmo cheiro.” Vamos ao cheiro do Benedito.

    E desde logo assentemos que ele era o menos Romeu deste mundo. Tinha quarenta e cinco anos, quando o conheci; não declaro em que tempo, porque tudo neste conto há de ser misterioso e truncado. Quarenta e cinco anos, e muitos cabelos pretos; para os que o não eram, usava um processo químico, tão eficaz que não se lhe distinguiam os pretos dos outros — salvo ao levantar da cama; mas ao levantar da cama não aparecia a ninguém. Tudo mais era natural, pernas, braços, cabeça, olhos, roupa, sapatos, corrente do relógio e bengala. O próprio alfinete de diamante, que trazia na gravata, um dos mais lindos que tenho visto, era natural e legítimo; custou-lhe bom dinheiro; eu mesmo o vi comprar na casa do... lá me ia escapando o nome do joalheiro; — fiquemos na rua do Ouvidor.

    Moralmente, era ele mesmo. Ninguém muda de caráter, e o do Benedito era bom, — ou para melhor dizer, pacato. Mas, intelectualmente, é que ele era menos original. Podemos compará-lo a uma hospedaria bem afreguesada, aonde iam ter ideias de toda parte e de toda sorte, que se sentavam à mesa com a família da casa. Às vezes, acontecia acharem--se ali duas pessoas inimigas, ou simplesmente antipáticas; ninguém brigava, o dono da casa impunha aos hóspedes a indulgência recíproca. Era assim que ele conseguia ajustar uma espécie de ateísmo vago com duas irmandades que fundou, não sei se na Gávea, na Tijuca ou no Engenho Velho. Usava assim, promiscuamente, a devoção, a irreligião e as meias de seda. Nunca lhe vi as meias, note-se; mas ele não tinha segredos para os amigos.

(Machado de Assis. Contos: uma antologia, 1998.)

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

        Discoveries of aquifers — underground earth formations that hold water — often create excitement around their ability to ease water scarcity in a region. The United States recently announced the discovery of five aquifers in Niger, one of Africa’s most water scarce countries, containing over 600 billion cubic metres of water. To put it into perspective, Egypt’s current water demand is 114 billion cubic metres of water per year.

        These are welcome announcements. Due to a changing climate and the increasing demands of a growing population, many of Africa’s surface water resources — such as dams and rivers — are facing serious risks. They’re being overused and slowly decreasing.

        Alternative water sources, like aquifers, need to be explored. They are highly prevalent across the African continent, but they’re not always going to help address water scarcity. For instance, early research findings deemed Kenya’s Turkana aquifer water unfit for use due to high salinity. It’s important to bear these challenges in mind so that expectations can be managed. It is also useful for planners and governments, as they need to think of other ways around the water scarcity problem.

(Gaathier Mahed. https://theconversation.com, 21.03.2023. Adaptado.)

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

        Discoveries of aquifers — underground earth formations that hold water — often create excitement around their ability to ease water scarcity in a region. The United States recently announced the discovery of five aquifers in Niger, one of Africa’s most water scarce countries, containing over 600 billion cubic metres of water. To put it into perspective, Egypt’s current water demand is 114 billion cubic metres of water per year.

        These are welcome announcements. Due to a changing climate and the increasing demands of a growing population, many of Africa’s surface water resources — such as dams and rivers — are facing serious risks. They’re being overused and slowly decreasing.

        Alternative water sources, like aquifers, need to be explored. They are highly prevalent across the African continent, but they’re not always going to help address water scarcity. For instance, early research findings deemed Kenya’s Turkana aquifer water unfit for use due to high salinity. It’s important to bear these challenges in mind so that expectations can be managed. It is also useful for planners and governments, as they need to think of other ways around the water scarcity problem.

(Gaathier Mahed. https://theconversation.com, 21.03.2023. Adaptado.)

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

        Discoveries of aquifers — underground earth formations that hold water — often create excitement around their ability to ease water scarcity in a region. The United States recently announced the discovery of five aquifers in Niger, one of Africa’s most water scarce countries, containing over 600 billion cubic metres of water. To put it into perspective, Egypt’s current water demand is 114 billion cubic metres of water per year.

        These are welcome announcements. Due to a changing climate and the increasing demands of a growing population, many of Africa’s surface water resources — such as dams and rivers — are facing serious risks. They’re being overused and slowly decreasing.

        Alternative water sources, like aquifers, need to be explored. They are highly prevalent across the African continent, but they’re not always going to help address water scarcity. For instance, early research findings deemed Kenya’s Turkana aquifer water unfit for use due to high salinity. It’s important to bear these challenges in mind so that expectations can be managed. It is also useful for planners and governments, as they need to think of other ways around the water scarcity problem.

(Gaathier Mahed. https://theconversation.com, 21.03.2023. Adaptado.)

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

        Discoveries of aquifers — underground earth formations that hold water — often create excitement around their ability to ease water scarcity in a region. The United States recently announced the discovery of five aquifers in Niger, one of Africa’s most water scarce countries, containing over 600 billion cubic metres of water. To put it into perspective, Egypt’s current water demand is 114 billion cubic metres of water per year.

        These are welcome announcements. Due to a changing climate and the increasing demands of a growing population, many of Africa’s surface water resources — such as dams and rivers — are facing serious risks. They’re being overused and slowly decreasing.

        Alternative water sources, like aquifers, need to be explored. They are highly prevalent across the African continent, but they’re not always going to help address water scarcity. For instance, early research findings deemed Kenya’s Turkana aquifer water unfit for use due to high salinity. It’s important to bear these challenges in mind so that expectations can be managed. It is also useful for planners and governments, as they need to think of other ways around the water scarcity problem.

(Gaathier Mahed. https://theconversation.com, 21.03.2023. Adaptado.)

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

        Discoveries of aquifers — underground earth formations that hold water — often create excitement around their ability to ease water scarcity in a region. The United States recently announced the discovery of five aquifers in Niger, one of Africa’s most water scarce countries, containing over 600 billion cubic metres of water. To put it into perspective, Egypt’s current water demand is 114 billion cubic metres of water per year.

        These are welcome announcements. Due to a changing climate and the increasing demands of a growing population, many of Africa’s surface water resources — such as dams and rivers — are facing serious risks. They’re being overused and slowly decreasing.

        Alternative water sources, like aquifers, need to be explored. They are highly prevalent across the African continent, but they’re not always going to help address water scarcity. For instance, early research findings deemed Kenya’s Turkana aquifer water unfit for use due to high salinity. It’s important to bear these challenges in mind so that expectations can be managed. It is also useful for planners and governments, as they need to think of other ways around the water scarcity problem.

(Gaathier Mahed. https://theconversation.com, 21.03.2023. Adaptado.)

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

        Discoveries of aquifers — underground earth formations that hold water — often create excitement around their ability to ease water scarcity in a region. The United States recently announced the discovery of five aquifers in Niger, one of Africa’s most water scarce countries, containing over 600 billion cubic metres of water. To put it into perspective, Egypt’s current water demand is 114 billion cubic metres of water per year.

        These are welcome announcements. Due to a changing climate and the increasing demands of a growing population, many of Africa’s surface water resources — such as dams and rivers — are facing serious risks. They’re being overused and slowly decreasing.

        Alternative water sources, like aquifers, need to be explored. They are highly prevalent across the African continent, but they’re not always going to help address water scarcity. For instance, early research findings deemed Kenya’s Turkana aquifer water unfit for use due to high salinity. It’s important to bear these challenges in mind so that expectations can be managed. It is also useful for planners and governments, as they need to think of other ways around the water scarcity problem.

(Gaathier Mahed. https://theconversation.com, 21.03.2023. Adaptado.)

Leia o trecho inicial do conto “Evolução”, de Machado de Assis, para responder à questão

    Chamo-me Inácio; ele, Benedito. Não digo o resto dos nossos nomes por um sentimento de compostura, que toda a gente discreta apreciará. Inácio basta. Contentem-se com Benedito. Não é muito, mas é alguma coisa, e está com a filosofia de Julieta: “Que valem nomes, perguntava ela ao namorado. A rosa, como quer que se lhe chame, terá sempre o mesmo cheiro.” Vamos ao cheiro do Benedito.

    E desde logo assentemos que ele era o menos Romeu deste mundo. Tinha quarenta e cinco anos, quando o conheci; não declaro em que tempo, porque tudo neste conto há de ser misterioso e truncado. Quarenta e cinco anos, e muitos cabelos pretos; para os que o não eram, usava um processo químico, tão eficaz que não se lhe distinguiam os pretos dos outros — salvo ao levantar da cama; mas ao levantar da cama não aparecia a ninguém. Tudo mais era natural, pernas, braços, cabeça, olhos, roupa, sapatos, corrente do relógio e bengala. O próprio alfinete de diamante, que trazia na gravata, um dos mais lindos que tenho visto, era natural e legítimo; custou-lhe bom dinheiro; eu mesmo o vi comprar na casa do... lá me ia escapando o nome do joalheiro; — fiquemos na rua do Ouvidor.

    Moralmente, era ele mesmo. Ninguém muda de caráter, e o do Benedito era bom, — ou para melhor dizer, pacato. Mas, intelectualmente, é que ele era menos original. Podemos compará-lo a uma hospedaria bem afreguesada, aonde iam ter ideias de toda parte e de toda sorte, que se sentavam à mesa com a família da casa. Às vezes, acontecia acharem--se ali duas pessoas inimigas, ou simplesmente antipáticas; ninguém brigava, o dono da casa impunha aos hóspedes a indulgência recíproca. Era assim que ele conseguia ajustar uma espécie de ateísmo vago com duas irmandades que fundou, não sei se na Gávea, na Tijuca ou no Engenho Velho. Usava assim, promiscuamente, a devoção, a irreligião e as meias de seda. Nunca lhe vi as meias, note-se; mas ele não tinha segredos para os amigos.

(Machado de Assis. Contos: uma antologia, 1998.)