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Questões do ENEM: Vocabulário | Vocabulary

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452 questões encontradas. Mostrando a página 2 de 23.

  • C5F4BD14-CC

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    Escola Superior de ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória · 2025MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    INSTRUCTION: Read the following text to answer the question.

    What happens in the brain when people smoke?
    When nicotine enters the lungs, it’s in the brain 20 seconds later. In this journey, nicotine has traveled through the cells in the lungs to the blood — and then from the blood to the brain, passing through the blood‑brain barrier. In all, nicotine passes through six membranes when it’s smoked or vaped.
    Once nicotine is in the brain, it activates the most sensitive nicotinic receptors on membranes of nerve cells, or neurons, but it also travels through the membrane to enter the neuron. Finally, it passes into the organelles of the neuron, where proteins, including the nicotinic receptor, are being made. When a person smokes, nicotine actually helps the cell to assemble more nicotinic receptors, which travel out of the endoplasmic reticulum (part of the cellular transportation system) and onto the surface of the cell. It’s as though nicotine is acting as a pharmacological “chaperone” to bring those receptors to the surface of the cell.
    We have labeled this process “inside out” pharmacology. In trying to unravel the cell biology of nicotine addiction, my lab and others study how this so‑called chaperoning or upregulating of nicotinic receptors is necessary for the early stages of nicotine dependence, ultimately underlying the brain’s addiction to nicotine. When a person stops taking nicotine, the natural acetylcholine cannot sufficiently activate the upregulated receptors. They produce craving and other symptoms of withdrawal.
    Available at: https://scienceexchange.caltech.edu/topics/ neuroscience/neuroscience-experts/nicotine-addictionneuroscience-henry-lester#what-happens-in-the-brainwhen-people-smoke. Accessed on: Aug 1st, 2025.
    The word unravel in the sentence “In trying to unravel the cell biology of nicotine addiction...” is closest in meaning to
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão c5f4bd14-cc
  • EC6E20AA-CC

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    FAME · 2025FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    INSTRUCTION: Read the following text to answer the question.


    Abstract


    Rare diseases are diseases that affect fewer than 1 in 2,000 people. Due to their rarity, it can be extremely challenging for doctors to diagnose these diseases in their patients — it often takes 6 – 8 years for some patients to get a diagnosis. Even though they are uncommon, rare diseases still have a significant impact on families and communities and need greater attention. Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) is a rare disease that affects the brain and gradually reduces a person’s ability to sleep. FFI gets worse over time and causes severe complications. There is currently no cure for FFI, so more research is crucial — not only for understanding FFI but also for unlocking potential treatments for other rare diseases. Rare disease research brings hope for a better future to those living with FFI and other rare conditions.


    Available at: https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2025.1523273. Accessed on: Aug 2nd, 2025.

    As used in the abstract, what is the best definition for the word diagnose?
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão ec6e20aa-cc
  • 8B3DC44F-AB

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    UCB · 2025FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Text for question



    Imagem da questão de Inglês, da prova de 2025



    Internet: <https://www.invent.org/inductees/alexander-grahambell> (adapted).

    In the first paragraph, the expression “self-taught” (l. 7-8) indicates that Alexander Graham Bell was
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 8b3dc44f-ab
  • 72A42708-4A

    Inglês

    Vocabulário | Vocabulary    Ensino Einstein · 2025FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Leia o texto para responder à questão. 


        In my research recently published in an open access journal, I used a popular language model, GPT-4 by OpenAI, to create simple summaries of scientific papers. These summaries generated by artificial intelligence (AI) used simpler language and more common words, like “job” instead of “occupation”, than summaries written by the researchers who had done the work.

        In one experiment, I found that readers of the AI-generated summaries had a better understanding of the science than readers of the human-written summaries. A second experiment investigated what effects the simpler summaries might have on people’s perceptions of the scientists who performed the research. In this experiment, participants rated the scientists whose work was described in the simpler texts as more credible than the scientists whose work was described in the more complex texts.

        Have you ever read about a scientific discovery and felt like it was written in a foreign language? New scientific information is probably hard to understand — especially if you try to read a science article in a research journal. In an era where understanding science is crucial for informed decision- -making, the abilities to comprehend and communicate complex ideas are more important than ever. Trust in science has been declining for years, and one contributing factor may be the challenge of understanding scientific jargon.

        As AI continues to evolve, its role in science communication may expand, especially if using generative AI becomes more commonplace. Simple science descriptions are preferable to and more beneficial than complex ones, and AI tools can help. But scientists could also achieve the same goals by working harder to minimize jargon and communicate clearly — no AI necessary.



    (David Markowitz. https://theconversation.com, 30.10.2024. Adaptado.) 

    No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “‘job’ instead of ‘occupation’”, a expressão sublinhada pode ser substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por: 
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 72a42708-4a
  • F63148FB-D8

    Inglês

    Vocabulário | Vocabulary    UEMG · 2025FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    Leia com atenção as frases e marque a alternativa verdadeira.

    I- Don’t worry! Nobody understands nothing she says!
    II- Wait a minute, Doroty. There’s someone at the door.
    III- No one says “Hi, mom” anymore.
    IV- There isn’t anyone here to help you.
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão f63148fb-d8
  • F62E3174-D8

    Inglês

    Vocabulário | Vocabulary    UEMG · 2025FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    Qual é o início correto da seguinte frase?

    ..............................I will finally be able to buy that huge house we saw during our last trip to Canada.
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão f62e3174-d8
  • C1440E67-8D

    Inglês

    Vocabulário | Vocabulary    USP · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    “justice, each getting what he or she is due. Formal justice is the impartial and consistent application of principles, whether or not the principles themselves are just. Substantive justice is closely associated with rights, i.e., with what individuals can legitimately demand of one another or what they can legitimately demand of their government (e.g., with respect to the protection of liberty or the promotion of equality).
    Retributive justice concerns when and why punishment is justified. Debate continues over whether punishment is justified as retribution for past wrongdoing or because it deters future wrongdoing. Those who stress retribution as the justification for punishment usually believe human beings have libertarian free will, while those who stress deterrence usually accept determinism.
    At least since Aristotle, justice has commonly been identified both with obeying law and with treating everyone with fairness. But if law is, and justice is not, entirely a matter of convention, then justice cannot be identified with obeying law.”

    The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. General Editor Robert Audi, Cambridge, U.K.: C.U.P., 1999. p.456.



    Conforme o verbete, a justiça substantiva pode ser definida como a 
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão c1440e67-8d
  • D3B4A5C4-75

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    Faculdades de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritos
        Sleep tourism has become a major travel trend since the beginning of the covid-19 pandemic, leading to the emergence of sleep hotels, sleep suites, and in-house sleep experts for travelers looking to rest.


        Sleep tourism is a travel trend that emphasizes getting the best sleep possible. It often involves picking a vacation spot that offers sleep amenities. According to the magazine Fortune, hotels have responded to a rise in sleep-focused travelers by upgrading their sleep services, even hiring sleep experts.


        The rise in sleep tourism is a result of a growing sleep epidemic. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one in three adults doesn’t get enough sleep. Quality sleep is often mistaken for a luxury when it’s essential for good mental and physical health.


        The CDC warns that inadequate sleep can lead to some serious health conditions, such as heart disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and depression. Sleep deprivation is also a major cause of car collisions each year, as well as workplace injuries.


    (Eva Hagan. https://greenmatters.com, 29.04.2024. Adaptado.)
    No trecho do quarto parágrafo “inadequate sleep can lead to some serious health conditions”, o termo sublinhado expressa
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão d3b4a5c4-75
  • 1ACACC73-71

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Read Text III and answer the question that follow it.

    Text III

    How ghost cities in the Amazon are rewriting the story of civilisation

        Try to imagine an environment largely untouched by humans and the Amazon rainforest might spring to mind. After all, large swathes of this South American landscape are blanketed in thick vegetation, suggesting it is one corner of the world that humans never managed to tame. Here, there must have been no deforestation, no agricultural revolution and no cities. It seems like a pristine environment.
        Or so we thought. But a very different picture is emerging. Archaeologists working with Indigenous communities have been shown crumbling urban remains and remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) are revealing the footprints of vast ghost cities. With so much evidence of ancient human activity, it is now thought the pre-Columbian Amazon was inhabited by millions of people – some living in large built-up areas complete with road networks, temples and pyramids.
        But that’s not all this research reveals. Paradoxically, it also provides evidence that the traditional view of the Amazon isn’t completely wide of the mark. For instance, while the ancient Amazonians managed their landscape intensively, they didn’t deforest it. And although they developed complex societies, they never went through a wholesale agricultural revolution. This might suggest that the pre-Columbian Amazonians broke the mould of human cultural development, which is traditionally seen as a relentless march from hunting and gathering to farming to urban complexity. The truth is more surprising. In fact, we are now coming to understand that there was no such mould – civilisation arose in myriad ways. What looks like an anomaly in the Amazon is actually a shining example of a process that was as vibrant and diverse as the rainforest itself.

    Adapted from: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg26334980-500-how-ghostcities-in-the-amazon-are-rewriting-the-story-of-civilisation/
    The extract This might suggest (3rd paragraph) indicates 
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 1acacc73-71
  • 1AC80108-71

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Read Text III and answer the question that follow it.

    Text III

    How ghost cities in the Amazon are rewriting the story of civilisation

        Try to imagine an environment largely untouched by humans and the Amazon rainforest might spring to mind. After all, large swathes of this South American landscape are blanketed in thick vegetation, suggesting it is one corner of the world that humans never managed to tame. Here, there must have been no deforestation, no agricultural revolution and no cities. It seems like a pristine environment.
        Or so we thought. But a very different picture is emerging. Archaeologists working with Indigenous communities have been shown crumbling urban remains and remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) are revealing the footprints of vast ghost cities. With so much evidence of ancient human activity, it is now thought the pre-Columbian Amazon was inhabited by millions of people – some living in large built-up areas complete with road networks, temples and pyramids.
        But that’s not all this research reveals. Paradoxically, it also provides evidence that the traditional view of the Amazon isn’t completely wide of the mark. For instance, while the ancient Amazonians managed their landscape intensively, they didn’t deforest it. And although they developed complex societies, they never went through a wholesale agricultural revolution. This might suggest that the pre-Columbian Amazonians broke the mould of human cultural development, which is traditionally seen as a relentless march from hunting and gathering to farming to urban complexity. The truth is more surprising. In fact, we are now coming to understand that there was no such mould – civilisation arose in myriad ways. What looks like an anomaly in the Amazon is actually a shining example of a process that was as vibrant and diverse as the rainforest itself.

    Adapted from: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg26334980-500-how-ghostcities-in-the-amazon-are-rewriting-the-story-of-civilisation/
    The phrase a pristine environment (1st paragraph) means that the area is 
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 1ac80108-71
  • 1AC5A998-71

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Read Text III and answer the question that follow it.

    Text III

    How ghost cities in the Amazon are rewriting the story of civilisation

        Try to imagine an environment largely untouched by humans and the Amazon rainforest might spring to mind. After all, large swathes of this South American landscape are blanketed in thick vegetation, suggesting it is one corner of the world that humans never managed to tame. Here, there must have been no deforestation, no agricultural revolution and no cities. It seems like a pristine environment.
        Or so we thought. But a very different picture is emerging. Archaeologists working with Indigenous communities have been shown crumbling urban remains and remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) are revealing the footprints of vast ghost cities. With so much evidence of ancient human activity, it is now thought the pre-Columbian Amazon was inhabited by millions of people – some living in large built-up areas complete with road networks, temples and pyramids.
        But that’s not all this research reveals. Paradoxically, it also provides evidence that the traditional view of the Amazon isn’t completely wide of the mark. For instance, while the ancient Amazonians managed their landscape intensively, they didn’t deforest it. And although they developed complex societies, they never went through a wholesale agricultural revolution. This might suggest that the pre-Columbian Amazonians broke the mould of human cultural development, which is traditionally seen as a relentless march from hunting and gathering to farming to urban complexity. The truth is more surprising. In fact, we are now coming to understand that there was no such mould – civilisation arose in myriad ways. What looks like an anomaly in the Amazon is actually a shining example of a process that was as vibrant and diverse as the rainforest itself.

    Adapted from: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg26334980-500-how-ghostcities-in-the-amazon-are-rewriting-the-story-of-civilisation/
    The phrase ghost cities in the title indicates that they
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 1ac5a998-71
  • 1AB931E7-71

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritos
    Read Text I and answer the question that follow it.

    Text I

    What’s good about personalized medicine

            For a long time, the practice of medicine has largely been reactive, waiting for the onset of disease before treating or curing it. But we’re all unique in terms of genetic makeup, environment, and lifestyle factors. Our growing understanding of genetics and genomics – the study of all of a person’s genes – and how they drive health, disease and treatment in individual people offers an opportunity to step away from a ‘one size fits all’ approach based on broad population averages and adopt an individualized approach.
       
            In addition to advances in the field of genomics, developments in the fields of science and technology play a crucial role in personalized medicine (for example, the development of high-resolution analytics, biotech research and chemistry, and the ability to decipher molecular structures, signaling pathways, and protein interactions that underpin the mechanisms of gene expression).
       
            Personalized medicine is about more than prescribing the best drugs, although that’s a large part of it. Proponents say it would shift medicine’s emphasis from reaction to prevention, better predict disease susceptibility and improve diagnosis, produce more effective drugs and reduce adverse side effects, and eliminate the inefficiency and cost of adopting a trial-anderror approach to healthcare. […]
      
            Despite its numerous benefits, the adoption of a personalized medicine approach raises several issues. For it to reach peak efficiency, a lot of genomic data must be collected from a large and diverse section of the population, and it’s critical that participants’ privacy and confidentiality are protected.

    Adapted from: https://newatlas.com/medical/personalized-medicine-benefitsconcerns/
    The verb shift in “Proponents say it would shift medicine’s emphasis from reaction to prevention” (3rd paragraph) means 
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 1ab931e7-71
  • D2B3D740-CC

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica - ITA · 2024Muito fácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

     Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão.


            The early development of radar was driven primarily by military imperatives, and the targets that were to be detected were mainly aircraft and ships. It was no surprise that echoes were also received from terrain and from rainstorms, but the discovery, during World War II, that birds were often detectable was less expected. As the technology developed, and specially after transmission at the shorter ‘microwave’ wavelengths became commonplace, echoes from insects were also identified. In the late 1940’s and the 1950’s, radar technology was adapted rapidly to the needs of meteorologists, while ornithologists pioneered the use of defence and air-traffic control radars to study bird migration.


        Radar observations of insects, however, were relatively sparse until the early 1960’s, when radar meteorologists became rather intensely interested in a type of warm-weather echo that appeared, puzzlingly from their perspective, when there was not a cloud in sight. Perhaps spurred by the meteorologists’ observations, entomologists began their own exploitation of the technology in 1968, when a rather modest radar, built by G.W. Schaefer specifically for insect observation and operated in West Africa just south of the Sahara, proved to be very effective.



    Fonte: DRAKE, V.A. and REYNOLDS, D.R. Radar Entomology: Observing Insect Flight and Mi gration. CAB Internacional, 2012.

    No excerto “...puzzlingly from their perspective, when there was not a cloud in sight.”, retirado do 2º parágrafo, o termo PUZZLINGLY indica que os meteorologistas estavam diante de uma situação surpreendente e difícil de explicar.

    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão d2b3d740-cc
  • D2A71E93-CC

    Inglês

    Tradução | Translation    Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica - ITA · 2024DifícilEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.


        “In recent years, no more than a week goes by without news of a cosmic discovery worthy of banner headlines. While media gatekeepers may have developed an interest in the universe, this rise in coverage likely comes from a genuine increase in the public’s appetite for science. Evidence for this abounds, from hit television shows inspired or informed by science, to the success of science fiction films starring marquee actors, and brought to the screens by celebrated producers and directors. And lately, theatrical release biopics featuring important scientists have become a genre unto itself. There´s also widespread interest around the world in science festivals, science fiction conventions, and documentaries for television.


        The highest grossing film of all time is by a famous director who set his story on a planet orbiting a distant star. And it features a famous actress who plays an astrobiologist. While most branches of science have ascended in this era, the field of astrophysics persistently rises to the top. I think I know why. At one time or another every one of us has looked up at night sky and wondered: What does it all mean? How does it all work? And, what is my place in the universe? [...]”


    Fonte: TYSON, Neil DeGrasse. Astrophysics for people in a hurry. United States of America: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2017.

    Na passagem do texto “The highest grossing film of all time is by a famous director who set his story on a planet orbiting a distant star.”, a expressão sublinhada pode ser traduzida como:


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  • C82BA66E-68

    Inglês

    Sinônimos | Synonyms    UEG · 2024FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Leia o texto abaixo para responder a questão 



    The Chamber of Commerce Brazil-Canada (CCBC) hosted Canada Day 2024, aimed at providing opportunities for young Brazilians who wish to do an exchange program, study, and explore the Canadian job market. The event featured representatives from the Consulate General of Canada in Brazil, who highlighted the efficiency of visa processing, allowing students to begin their studies in the country.

    During the event, experts from various universities and educational institutions in Canada shared information and provided clarifications for students, offering a comprehensive view of the available opportunities.

    Canada leads the list of the most sought-after destinations by Brazilians for studying abroad. According to the 2023 Belta Survey released by the Brazilian Association of Exchange Agencies, the number of Brazilian students seeking to study abroad grew by 18% in 2022 compared to the pre-pandemic period. This is because the region offers excellent quality of life, safety, and academic options, as well as work opportunities during and after studies, and the possibility of obtaining permanent residency in Canada.

    For those who are thinking about studying in Canada, it is essential to pay attention to the registration deadlines offered by the institutions and to prepare the documentation, such as sending transcripts, English test results and necessary proof of income. The institutions present at the event highlighted the importance of starting the application process in advance, as soon as each university opens its applications.

    Furthermore, to obtain a student visa for Canada it is necessary to follow a series of steps after receiving the acceptance letter from the educational institution and the scholarship. There are different types of visa, each suited to specific situations: the SX-1, for shortterm courses (up to 24 weeks), which requires an acceptance letter; the V-1, a tourist visa that can also be used for courses of up to 24 weeks; and the S-1 Study Permit, required for courses longer than 24 weeks.

    To speed up the process, it is recommended to seek help from an exchange agency that offers guidance and support during all stages. In addition to the acceptance letter, you must have a passport valid for at least six months, demonstrate family ties in your country of origin, prove your financial capacity to support yourself in Canada during the study period and send all the necessary documentation, detailing your plans. For courses lasting more than six months, a medical examination is also required.

    Disponível em: ccbc.org.br/en/publicacoes/news-ccbc/canada-offers-great-study-opportunities-for-brazilians-who-want-to-do-an-exchange-program. 17 July 2024 / news CCBC [adapted]. Acesso em: 04 out. 2024.  

    Considering the lexicon in the text above, it can be stated without changing in meaning that
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão c82ba66e-68
  • 779B0E39-5A

    Inglês

    Vocabulário | Vocabulary    UFRGS · 2024MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Captura_de tela 2025-07-06 190849.png (324×803)

    Captura_de tela 2025-07-06 190902.png (310×267)

    1. Associe as palavras da coluna da esquerda às suas respectivas traduções na coluna da direita, de acordo com o sentido que têm no texto.



    ( ) toddlers (l. 09) 


    ( ) encroachment (l. 42)


    ( ) disingenuous (l. 64)


    1. crianças


    2. usurpação


    3. invasão


    4. genuíno


    5. pacifistas


    6. hipócrita



    A sequência correta de preenchimento dos parênteses, de cima para baixo, é 

    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 779b0e39-5a
  • B41840FE-46

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    UEA · 2024FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    Leia o texto para responder à questão.

    Misinformation and disinformation



       Misinformation is false or inaccurate information — getting the facts wrong. Disinformation is false information, which is deliberately intended to mislead — intentionally misstating the facts.
        The spread of misinformation and disinformation has affected our ability to improve public health, address climate change, maintain a stable democracy, and more. By providing valuable insight into how and why we are likely to believe misinformation and disinformation, psychological science can inform how we protect ourselves against its ill effects.
    (www.apa.org. Adaptado.)
    No trecho do segundo parágrafo “we are likely to believe misinformation and disinformation”, o termo sublinhado é empregado no sentido de
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão b41840fe-46
  • E342DEC2-40

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension    Associação Catarinense das Fundações Educacionais - ACAFE · 2024FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    Read Text 2 and pay very close attention to the words that are underlined and in bold


    Text 2

    White Blood

    Doctors in Germany faced something they had never seen before. A 39-year-old patient’s blood was so pale and thick that it looked like milk. The medical condition was not a mystery. The (1) nearly comatose patient suffered from extreme hypertriglyceridemia. It is caused by too much fat in the blood.

    Siphoning off the offending triglyceride molecules and returning the cleaned plasma to the body usually solves the problem. However, when staff tried the normal route, his viscous blood clogged the hospital’s filtering equipment. Not once, but twice. The problem was a record amount of triglycerides. Around 500 mg/dL is considered “high.” The man’s count read (2) an astonishing 18,000 mg/dL.

    Desperate to save his life, doctors (3) resorted to an ancient remedy abandoned by modern medicinebloodletting. A good amount of the white gunk was drained and replaced with red blood cell concentrates and saline solution. It worked. (4) Although the cause of the severity is unknown, the patient’s genes, obesity, and irregular consumption of his diabetes medication might have combined to cause the mother of all hypertriglyceridemia cases.

    (Source: 10 Fascinating Facts And Stories Involving Body Parts - Listverse - Adapted. Retrieved on 23rd Sep, 2024)


    Select the option that provides the CORRECT sequence to replace the underlined words in Text 2, while maintaining the original meaning as closely as possible. 
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