Todas as questões do ENEM

a questão está baseada no texto Ah, como gastam, escrito por Carolina Araújo para a Folha de São Paulo, no dia 27 de julho de 2008

Assinale a alternativa correta com relação ao texto acima.

A questão está baseada no texto Casa de boneca, do escritor gaúcho Moacyr Scliar, publicado em SCLYAR, Moacir. Deu no jornal. Erechim: Edelbra, 2008, p. 18-19. 

“Casa de boneca” abriga morador de rua. Os abrigos, de cerca de um metro e meio de altura, foram construídos por entidade assistencial de São Paulo. Folha de São Paulo 

Qual das seguintes alternativas expressa uma das principais temáticas abordadas na crônica de Moacyr Scliar?

A questão está baseada no texto Casa de boneca, do escritor gaúcho Moacyr Scliar, publicado em SCLYAR, Moacir. Deu no jornal. Erechim: Edelbra, 2008, p. 18-19. 

“Casa de boneca” abriga morador de rua. Os abrigos, de cerca de um metro e meio de altura, foram construídos por entidade assistencial de São Paulo. Folha de São Paulo 

Levando em conta apenas o conteúdo literal da crônica, assinale a alternativa correta.

I – A menina protagonista confundiu uma casa verdadeira com uma casa de bonecas.

II – O pai da menina comprou-lhe uma casa de bonecas juntamente com um boneco falante.

III – O pai da menina satisfez todos os desejos da filha.

IV – O pai da menina desejava proporcionar uma vida mais digna para uma pessoa de baixa renda.

    As we all know, electricity is a fundamental need. On a daily basis, we consume electricity even without us knowing it. Just a simple task such as listening to your music player consumes electricity. Today, most of our electric generators and power plants are fed with fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal. However, due to the exponential increase of power demand, fossil fuel supplies are slowly being depleted. Not only that, but also burning fossil fuels has given off greenhouse gases and other unwanted byproducts. Because of this, the search for alternative energy sources is now a necessity. One of the most promising alternative energy sources today is Wind Powered Generators. So, what is a wind-powered generator? Basically it is the use of wind as a mechanical force needed to power an electric generator. Utilizing wind as an energy source is not exactly a new idea. The ancient Persians were the first to use wind to pump water, cut wood, and grind food and others by building windmills. Even today you can find windmills still being used on some farms. It was the use of wind as an electric source that came into existence much later. The first practical wind powered generators were built in 1970, but yet we rarely see them in widespread use today, why? Let’s look at the advantages and disadvantages of the wind powered generator.

    The main advantage of wind powered generators is that they have, ideally, zero gas emissions – unlike fossil-fueled power generators. Because of the alarming effects of greenhouse gases and global warming, we want our power generators to be as clean and as environmentally friendly as possible. Since there is no burning process in a wind powered generator that produces toxic gases, it is very safe to build one in residential areas. Also, with proper engineering and enough wind, these generators can provide a high rate of wattage that can go as high as the Megawatt range. Another advantage is that it can be implemented using several small turbines connected together. This is a good thing when there is not enough space for huge structures.

     The major disadvantage of wind powered generators is that wind power varies greatly from one place to another and from day to day and season to season. Sometimes wind may be strong enough to supply energy, but that strength cannot be maintained due to changes in weather patterns. Needing strong, constant wind to most effectively power wind generators is one reason they are often built in coastal areas. Another disadvantage is that the structure of most practical wind powered generators is huge and bulky. Commonly, its size is proportional to the wind power it can collect.

    Research in wind power has now intensified because of its innate advantages over other power generators. With this increase in interest in wind energy and alternative energy sources as a whole, our future will become brighter and more and more remote areas will eventually enjoy the benefits of clean electric energy. In an electricity-dependent world, power supplies must provide the required electricity for communities and businesses. Wind powered generators might just be the solution for power shortages.

Disponível em: http://mysolarcellhome.org/articles/pros-and-cons-of-wind-powered-generators. 

Might in “wind powered generators might just be the solution for power shortages…” and Must in “In an electricity-dependent world, power supplies must provide the required electricity for communities and businesses” express respectively the ideas of:

    As we all know, electricity is a fundamental need. On a daily basis, we consume electricity even without us knowing it. Just a simple task such as listening to your music player consumes electricity. Today, most of our electric generators and power plants are fed with fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal. However, due to the exponential increase of power demand, fossil fuel supplies are slowly being depleted. Not only that, but also burning fossil fuels has given off greenhouse gases and other unwanted byproducts. Because of this, the search for alternative energy sources is now a necessity. One of the most promising alternative energy sources today is Wind Powered Generators. So, what is a wind-powered generator? Basically it is the use of wind as a mechanical force needed to power an electric generator. Utilizing wind as an energy source is not exactly a new idea. The ancient Persians were the first to use wind to pump water, cut wood, and grind food and others by building windmills. Even today you can find windmills still being used on some farms. It was the use of wind as an electric source that came into existence much later. The first practical wind powered generators were built in 1970, but yet we rarely see them in widespread use today, why? Let’s look at the advantages and disadvantages of the wind powered generator.

    The main advantage of wind powered generators is that they have, ideally, zero gas emissions – unlike fossil-fueled power generators. Because of the alarming effects of greenhouse gases and global warming, we want our power generators to be as clean and as environmentally friendly as possible. Since there is no burning process in a wind powered generator that produces toxic gases, it is very safe to build one in residential areas. Also, with proper engineering and enough wind, these generators can provide a high rate of wattage that can go as high as the Megawatt range. Another advantage is that it can be implemented using several small turbines connected together. This is a good thing when there is not enough space for huge structures.

     The major disadvantage of wind powered generators is that wind power varies greatly from one place to another and from day to day and season to season. Sometimes wind may be strong enough to supply energy, but that strength cannot be maintained due to changes in weather patterns. Needing strong, constant wind to most effectively power wind generators is one reason they are often built in coastal areas. Another disadvantage is that the structure of most practical wind powered generators is huge and bulky. Commonly, its size is proportional to the wind power it can collect.

    Research in wind power has now intensified because of its innate advantages over other power generators. With this increase in interest in wind energy and alternative energy sources as a whole, our future will become brighter and more and more remote areas will eventually enjoy the benefits of clean electric energy. In an electricity-dependent world, power supplies must provide the required electricity for communities and businesses. Wind powered generators might just be the solution for power shortages.

Disponível em: http://mysolarcellhome.org/articles/pros-and-cons-of-wind-powered-generators. 

The word “since” in the statement: “Since there is no burning process in a wind powered generator that produces toxic gases, it is very safe to build one in residential areas” may be substituted, with the same meaning as the original sentence, for:

O território brasileiro apresenta uma grande diversidade de minerais e possui algumas das maiores reservas de minerais do mundo. Exemplo disso são as reservas de ferro do mundo que estão no Brasil, sendo esse o principal minério extraído no país. Leia as afirmações abaixo e assinale a(s) alternativa(s) correta(s).

I – Apesar de representarem um potencial econômico, são pouco explorados no território brasileiro.

II – A região sul, ao longo da história, explora o carvão, que é vastamente utilizado na produção industrial.

III – Na região norte do País, o estado do Pará é destaque pela exploração de Ferro, Bauxita, Manganês.

A sinopse do censo brasileiro de 2010 apresenta dados de uma população superior a 190.000.000 de habitantes numa área territorial de 8,5 milhões de quilômetros quadrados. Esse elevado contingente coloca o país entre os mais populosos do mundo. Neste sentido, marque a alternativa INCORRETA sobre a população no território brasileiro.

(...) havia pobreza crescente, causada em parte pelo aumento do desemprego e pelos baixos salários. 3 milhões de pessoas tinham perdido seus empregos desde que Bush assumira, e mais de 34 milhões, um oitavo da população, estava abaixo da linha da pobreza. O seguro-desemprego só era pago por 6 meses e, em alguns estados – Ohio era um exemplo de destaque – milhares de pessoas estavam sobrevivendo com a ajuda de refeições fornecidas por Igrejas. No final dos primeiros 4 anos de Bush no poder, o número de norteamericanos que viviam abaixo da linha da pobreza aumentou em 4,3 milhões desde que ele foi eleito presidente em janeiro de 2001.

Lowe, Norman. História do Mundo Contemporâneo. 4. ed. Porto Alegre: Penso, 2011.

Segundo as informações citadas, a situação de instabilidade americana tomou proporções complexas neste início do século XXI. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar o seguinte:

I – A elevação das taxas de desemprego atestam o grau da crise americana.

II – O alto número de cidadãos norte-americanos abaixo da linha da pobreza é característico da era Bush.

III – Durante o governo Bush, muitas pessoas necessitaram de ajuda social para a sobrevivência.

Assinale a alternativa correta.

A União da Indústria da Cana-de-Açúcar (Unica) revisou novamente a estimativa de moagem de cana de açúcar para a safra 2011/2012 e da produção de açúcar e etanol. Segundo a nova projeção, divulgada nesta quinta-feira (11), a produção de etanol deverá atingir 21 bilhões de litros, queda de 6,83% em relação ao número projetado na última revisão feita em julho, e de 17,25% sobre os 25,39 bilhões de litros da safra anterior.

Fonte: http://g1.globo.com

O esquema abaixo mostra a produção de álcool etílico a partir da cana de açúcar.

A partir dos dados informados, é possível concluir que, no período de 2011/2012, a quantidade de cana de açúcar usada para produzir o etanol será a seguinte:

Dois líquidos miscíveis 1 e 2 de densidades absolutas dl = 0,70 g/cm³ e d2 = 1,30 g/cm³ respectivamente misturam-se sem variação de volume. Com esses líquidos, deseja-se preparar o volume de mistura V= 3,00 m³ com densidade absoluta de d = 0,90 g/cm³. Para tanto, quais volumes V1 e V2 desses líquidos devem ser misturados?

A compreensão da dimensão evolutiva existente na relação patógeno-hospedeiro é fundamental para a elaboração de políticas de saúde pública. Um exemplo disso é a evolução do vírus HIV no mundo. De acordo com a Teoria Sintética da Evolução Biológica, a Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS) tenderá a se tornar, em longo prazo:

A morte de Steve Jobs, cofundador da Apple, foi amplamente divulgada pela mídia internacional. Considerado um visionário gênio criativo, foi vitimado por complicações associadas a um câncer pancreático. Com relação aos mecanismos e estruturas pancreáticas envolvidas, é correto afirmar o seguinte:

I – O pâncreas é uma glândula mista cuja porção exócrina produz e secreta o suco pancreático enzimático e a endócrina, em que há a produção de hormônios relacionados ao metabolismo dos açúcares.

II – A insulina estimula o fígado a degradar o glicogênio e liberar a glicose evitando a hipoglicemia.

III – O diabetes mellitus é uma síndrome heterogênea de etiologia múltipla, decorrente da falta de glucagon ou da incapacidade do glucagon em exercer adequadamente seus efeitos hiperglicemiantes.

A partir dos anos de 1950, um fenômeno marca a ficção brasileira, que é um conjunto de relatos focalizados no mundo rural, mas distantes do padrão realista centrado no chamado romance de 30. Nesse contexto, localiza-se o romance Grande sertão: veredas, de João Guimarães Rosa, cuja publicação, em 1956, abre espaço para um novo modelo narrativo no país. Sobre esse romance e tendência, marque a alternativa INCORRETA.

Deus! Ó Deus! Onde estás que não respondes?

Em que mundo, em qu’estrela tu t’escondes

Embuçado nos céus?

Há dois mil anos te mandei meu grito,

Que embalde desde então corre o infinito...

Onde estás? Senhor Deus?

...............................................

Minhas irmãs são belas, são ditosas...

Dorme a Ásia nas sombras voluptuosas

Dos haréns do Sultão.

Ou no dorso dos brancos elefantes

Embala-se coberta de brilhantes

Nas plagas do Hindustão.

....................................................

Mas eu, Senhor!... Eu triste abandonada

Em meio das areias esgarrada,

Perdida marcho em vão!

Se choro... bebe o pranto a areia ardente;

Talvez... pr’a que meu pranto, ó Deus clemente!

Não descubras no chão.

Com base no texto acima, marque a resposta correta.

I – O fragmento foi retirado do poema Navio Negreiro, de Casimiro de Abreu.

II – A primeira estrofe mostra o grito desesperado de uma mulher que perdeu seu filho.

III – Os versos da segunda estrofe revelam a condição privilegiada da Ásia, qual mulher que divide com sua irmã, África, as regalias do sultanato, conforme o poema Vozes d´África, de Castro Alves.

IV – A terceira estrofe mostra o lamento do continente africano, na voz da África personificada.

Está (ão) correta (s):

Assinale a única alternativa que expõe uma informação encontrada no texto Professor no paraíso.

Observe a imagem abaixo:

Ele já foi um dos países mais prósperos da região, possui solos férteis, clima favorável e excelente posição geográfica para o comércio mundial. O Líbano é um pequeno país, em geral montanhoso, com 10.452 km² e aproximadamente 4 milhões de habitantes. Em relação ao Líbano, não podemos afirmar:

Starting a new job

by Rose Walker

    “You just got the phone call and the position is yours. It’s been a long time since you have started a new job and you need to prepare yourself for it. Will you really like your new position? How will the people treat you and can you get along with them? These are some of the questions that might run through your mind when you start a new job.

    Before you start your new position you need to get in the right frame of mind, so you can do the best job you can do.

    The first step in preparation for this new journey is to let all your fears go. Don’t walk into a new job with fear. This will keep you from being productive. Having negative thoughts about your new job will become a reality and this will cause problems right there. Stay in the same frame of mind you had when you applied for the position. This was something that you obviously wanted to do and was excited about doing. Keep those same thoughts and attitude when you actually start working your new job. By keeping that attitude you will eliminate a lot of your problems in the beginning with this new position. Your way of thinking will become your way of acting. Do a thorough research on your new company so you can understand what they do and how you will play a part in it.

    Have a good understanding about the company in full detail so it will give you that ease you need to have for you to succeed. This will allow you to have the confidence you will need to start this new job and you won’t feel so lost when you start interacting with your co-workers. Having the right attitude will allow you to get along with your co-workers even better. Everyone when they start a new job is considered the new kid on the block. This can make you feel left out right there, since everyone usually know everyone else and already have a comfort zone with each other. You have to let them know by being in the right frame of mind when you start that you can work with each and every one of them. If you come in with that fear, it’s going to seem like you are a unfriendly person and automatically no one will want to have anything to do with you. This will be a bad way to start off on your new job. You plan to be there for awhile and communicating with your co-workers on a daily base.

    Your attitude and the way you present yourself in the beginning is very important. It will determine how your relationship will be throughout the job. Getting along with your boss and coworkers is important, it can help you to succeed or be one of the causes to make you want to leave.

    Starting a new job can be a wonderful experience. Sure all of us are nervous about stepping into a new environment and meeting and dealing with new people. That’s what’s so exciting about it, everything is new. You have to look at it as a new journey in your life and not a dreaded trip that you have to make. Erase all those negative thoughts and fears you have so you can go in with a positive attitude that will let you be a positive person. Let this be a new spectacular and fantastic time in your life. When you stop and prepare yourself mentally for your new job, you will be a success at it.”

http://www.essortment.com/all/startinganew_rbph.htm

The text Starting a new job is about:

by Maggie Shiels

Technology reporter,

BBC News, Silicon Valley

    

    “Google has speeded up its internet search engine by launching a product called Instant that displays results as soon as users type in queries.

     The service predicts a user's query and modifies the displayed results as more letters are typed into the search box.

     The company described it as ‘search at the speed of thought’.

    Previously Google's suggested search terms and did not reveal results until the ‘enter’ key was hit or the ‘search’ button was clicked.

Google Instant goes live in the next week and on mobile devices by autumn.

     The service will initially be rolled out in the US, UK, Spain, Germany, France and Russia.

       Challenge to Microsoft?

     In a demo event held at San Francisco's Museum of Modern Art, Marissa Mayer, Google's vice-president of search products and user experience, typed in ‘sfm’ into the search box to demonstrate the new service.

    As she typed, results appeared instantly for ‘SF MOMA’ - the first predicted search result. In another demo, when the letter ‘w’ was entered, a list of links offering the ‘weather’ appeared along with images showing the temperature.

    ‘We've actually predicting what query you are likely to do and we're giving you results for that,’ said Ms Mayer.

       Google estimates that the typical user spends nine seconds entering a query and 15 seconds looking for answers.

        The company says Google Instant could shave between two and five seconds off a typical web search.

    ‘Google is betting all they have that speed is everything,’ Harry McCracken of technology blog Technologizer.com told the BBC.

     ‘Saving one or two seconds isn't that big of a deal. One of my instant thoughts is that I am going to see results I don't want because until I type enough that it knows what I want, it is going to show me links I am not interested in.’

     Technology commentator Robert Scoble said that the new feature would present a real challenge to Microsoft search engine Bing, which has been slowly chipping away at Google's lead in the search market.

    ‘Playing with it, it dramatically changes the way I do searches. I think it is a pretty major leap forward but this means that Bing becomes far less interesting and they now have to step up,’ said Mr. Scoble.

     Microsoft currently commands around 11% of the US search market compared to Google's 66%, according to research firm Comscore.

     Bing has gradually increased its market share since launch, although its growth has recently slowed.”

http://www.bbc.co.uk/newstechnology-11239037. 

In the sentence, “I think it is a pretty major leap forward but this means that Bing becomes far less interesting and they now have to step up”, the verb “to step up” would best be replaced by: