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Página 311 de 2.904

  • Linguagens

    Português

    TEXTO 3
    Meu Caro Amigo
    Chico Buarque


    Meu caro amigo, me perdoe, por favor
    Se eu não lhe faço uma visita
    Mas como agora apareceu um portador
    Mando notícias nessa fita

    Aqui na terra tão jogando futebol
    Tem muito samba, muito choro e rock'n'roll
    Uns dias chove, noutros dias bate o sol
    Mas o que eu quero é lhe dizer que a coisa
     [aqui tá preta

    Muita mutreta pra levar a situação
    Que a gente vai levando de teimoso e de
     [pirraça
    E a gente vai tomando que também sem a
     [cachaça

    Ninguém segura esse rojão

    Meu caro amigo, eu não pretendo provocar
    Nem atiçar suas saudades
    Mas acontece que não posso me furtar
    A lhe contar as novidades

    É pirueta pra cavar o ganha-pão
    Que a gente vai cavando só de birra,
     [só de sarro
    E a gente vai fumando que, também,
     [sem um cigarro
    Ninguém segura esse rojão

    Meu caro amigo, eu quis até telefonar
    Mas a tarifa não tem graça
    Eu ando aflito pra fazer você ficar
    A par de tudo que se passa

    Muita careta pra engolir a transação
    Que a gente tá engolindo cada sapo no
     [caminho
    E a gente vai se amando que, também,
     [sem um carinho
    Ninguém segura esse rojão

    Meu caro amigo, eu bem queria lhe
     [escrever
    Mas o correio andou arisco

    Se me permitem, vou tentar lhe remeter
    Notícias frescas nesse disco
    A Marieta manda um beijo para os seus
    Um beijo na família, na Cecília e nas crianças
    O Francis aproveita pra também mandar
     [lembranças
    A todo o pessoal
    Adeus!


    BUARQUE, Chico. Phonogram, 1976.

    Considerando que a letra da canção “Meu caro amigo” foi escrita em 1976, um momento de repressão a qualquer denúncia ao governo e aos abusos estatais ou a manifestações contrárias ao regime, constata-se que Chico Buarque faz da música uma das principais formas de protestar indiretamente, para evitar a censura, espalhar uma mensagem de resistência e conscientizar a população. Fruto de uma parceria com Francis Hime, a canção foi criada como uma tentativa de burlar o regime por meio do envio de notícias do Brasil a seu amigo Augusto Boal, que vivia no exílio em Lisboa. Atente para o que se diz a seguir a respeito dessa canção e assinale com V o que for verdadeiro e com F o que for falso.

    ( ) A expressão “Muita mutreta pra levar a situação” (linha 36) revela o esforço do eu lírico para suportar as dificuldades.
    ( ) O eu lírico mostra que para segurar “esse rojão” (linhas 41, 51 e 61) o remetente da carta busca refúgio em prazeres momentâneos como a cachaça, o cigarro e o amor.
    ( ) O autor cita nomes de pessoas reais: Marieta, Francis e Cecília para organizar um discurso que fala de si próprio, passando a ideia da realidade dentro de uma ficção.
    ( ) O tom formal da mensagem permite identificar uma relação de distanciamento entre o emissor e o seu “caro amigo” (linhas 42, 52, 62).

    A sequência correta, de cima para baixo, é:
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 801eaa6e-92
  • Linguagens

    Literatura


    TEXTO 1 
    Pronominais
    Dê-me um cigarro
    Diz a gramática
    Do professor e do aluno
    E do mulato sabido
    Mas o bom negro e o bom branco
    Da Nação Brasileira
    Dizem todos os dias
    Deixa disso camarada
    Me dá um cigarro.

    ANDRADE, Oswald. Obras completas.
    Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 1972.


    TEXTO 2
    Samba do Arnesto

    O Arnesto nos convidô prum samba,
     [ele mora no Brás
    Nóis fumo e não encontremos ninguém
    Nóis vortemo cuma baita duma reiva
    Da outra veiz nóis num vai mais
    Nóis não semos tatu!
    Outro dia encontremo com o Arnesto
    Que pidiu descurpa mais nóis não aceitemos
    Isso não se faz, Arnesto, nóis não se importa
    Mais você devia ter ponhado um recado na
     [porta
    Anssim: “Ói, turma, num deu prá esperá
    A vez que isso num tem importância,
     [num faz má
    Depois que nóis vai, depois que nóis vorta
    Assinado em cruz porque não sei escrever
    Arnesto"


    BARBOSA, Adoniran, Gravações Elétricas
    Continental S/A, 1953.
    A característica da temática e do estilo próprios da escrita literária de Oswald de Andrade que NÃO está presente no poema “Pronominais” é
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 8016e0e1-92
  • Linguagens

    Português


    TEXTO 1 
    Pronominais
    Dê-me um cigarro
    Diz a gramática
    Do professor e do aluno
    E do mulato sabido
    Mas o bom negro e o bom branco
    Da Nação Brasileira
    Dizem todos os dias
    Deixa disso camarada
    Me dá um cigarro.

    ANDRADE, Oswald. Obras completas.
    Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 1972.


    TEXTO 2
    Samba do Arnesto

    O Arnesto nos convidô prum samba,
     [ele mora no Brás
    Nóis fumo e não encontremos ninguém
    Nóis vortemo cuma baita duma reiva
    Da outra veiz nóis num vai mais
    Nóis não semos tatu!
    Outro dia encontremo com o Arnesto
    Que pidiu descurpa mais nóis não aceitemos
    Isso não se faz, Arnesto, nóis não se importa
    Mais você devia ter ponhado um recado na
     [porta
    Anssim: “Ói, turma, num deu prá esperá
    A vez que isso num tem importância,
     [num faz má
    Depois que nóis vai, depois que nóis vorta
    Assinado em cruz porque não sei escrever
    Arnesto"


    BARBOSA, Adoniran, Gravações Elétricas
    Continental S/A, 1953.
    Os textos 1 e 2 se referem ao uso da variante informal da língua portuguesa. O uso dessa variante, em ambos os textos, justifica-se por mostrar ao leitor
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 80141ecf-92
  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    Americans May Add Five Times More Plastic to the Oceans Than Thought

    The United States is using more
    plastic than ever, and waste exported for
    recycling is often mishandled, according
    to a new study.
    The United States contribution
    to coastal plastic pollution worldwide is
    significantly larger than previously
    thought, possibly by as much as five
    times, according to a study published
    Friday. The research, published in Science
    Advances, is the sequel to a 2015 paper
    by the same authors. Two factors
    contributed to the sharp increase:
    Americans are using more plastic than
    ever and the current study included
    pollution generated by United States
    exports of plastic waste, while the earlier
    one did not.
    The United States, which does
    not have sufficient infrastructure to
    handle its recycling demands at home,
    exports about half of its recyclable waste.
    Of the total exported, about 88 percent
    ends up in countries considered to have
    inadequate waste management.
    “When you consider how much
    of our plastic waste isn’t actually
    recyclable because it is low-value,
    contaminated or difficult to process, it’s
    not surprising that a lot of it ends up
    polluting the environment,” said the
    study’s lead author, Kara Lavender Law,
    research professor of oceanography at
    Sea Education Association, in a
    statement.
    The study estimates that in
    2016, the United States contributed
    between 1.1 and 2.2 million metric tons of
    plastic waste to the oceans through a
    combination of littering, dumping and 
    mismanaged exports. At a minimum,
    that’s almost double the total estimated
    waste in the team’s previous study. At the
    high end, it would be a fivefold increase
    over the earlier estimate.
    Nicholas Mallos, a senior
    director at the Ocean Conservancy and an
    author of the study, said the upper
    estimate would be equal to a pile of
    plastic covering the area of the White
    House Lawn and reaching as high as the
    Empire State Building.
    The ranges are wide partly
    because “there’s no real standard for
    being able to provide good quality data on
    collection and disposal of waste in
    general,” said Ted Siegler, a resource
    economist at DSM Environmental
    Solutions, a consulting firm, and an
    author of the study. Mr. Siegler said the
    researchers had evaluated waste-disposal
    practices in countries around the world
    and used their “best professional
    judgment” to determine the lowest and
    highest amounts of plastic waste likely to
    escape into the environment. They settled
    on a range of 25 percent to 75 percent.
    Tony Walker, an associate
    professor at the Dalhousie University
    School for Resource and Environmental
    Studies in Halifax, Nova Scotia, said that
    analyzing waste data can amount to a
    “data minefield” because there are no
    data standards across municipalities.
    Moreover, once plastic waste is shipped
    overseas, he said, data is often not
    recorded at all.
    Nonetheless, Dr. Walker, who
    was not involved in the study, said it
    could offer a more accurate accounting of
    plastic pollution than the previous study,
    which likely underestimated the United
    States’ contribution. “They’ve put their
    best estimate, as accurate as they can be
    with this data,” he said, and used ranges,
    which underscores that the figures are
    estimates.
    Of the plastics that go into the
    United States recycling system, about 9
    percent of the country’s total plastic
    waste, there is no guarantee that they’ll
    be remade into new consumer goods. New
    plastic is so inexpensive to manufacture
    that only certain expensive, high-grade
    plastics are profitable to recycle within the
    United States, which is why roughly half
    of the country’s plastic waste was shipped
    abroad in 2016, the most recent year for
    which data is available.
    Since 2016, however, the
    recycling landscape has changed. China
    and many countries in Southeast Asia
    have stopped accepting plastic waste
    imports. And lower oil prices have further
    reduced the market for recycled plastic.
    “What the new study really underscores is
    we have to get a handle on source
    reduction at home,” Mr. Mallos said. “That
    starts with eliminating unnecessary and
    problematic single-use plastics.”

    From: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/30/
    The superlative forms of the adjectives accurate, large, and easy are, respectively,
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 7e7d31b0-92
  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    Americans May Add Five Times More Plastic to the Oceans Than Thought

    The United States is using more
    plastic than ever, and waste exported for
    recycling is often mishandled, according
    to a new study.
    The United States contribution
    to coastal plastic pollution worldwide is
    significantly larger than previously
    thought, possibly by as much as five
    times, according to a study published
    Friday. The research, published in Science
    Advances, is the sequel to a 2015 paper
    by the same authors. Two factors
    contributed to the sharp increase:
    Americans are using more plastic than
    ever and the current study included
    pollution generated by United States
    exports of plastic waste, while the earlier
    one did not.
    The United States, which does
    not have sufficient infrastructure to
    handle its recycling demands at home,
    exports about half of its recyclable waste.
    Of the total exported, about 88 percent
    ends up in countries considered to have
    inadequate waste management.
    “When you consider how much
    of our plastic waste isn’t actually
    recyclable because it is low-value,
    contaminated or difficult to process, it’s
    not surprising that a lot of it ends up
    polluting the environment,” said the
    study’s lead author, Kara Lavender Law,
    research professor of oceanography at
    Sea Education Association, in a
    statement.
    The study estimates that in
    2016, the United States contributed
    between 1.1 and 2.2 million metric tons of
    plastic waste to the oceans through a
    combination of littering, dumping and 
    mismanaged exports. At a minimum,
    that’s almost double the total estimated
    waste in the team’s previous study. At the
    high end, it would be a fivefold increase
    over the earlier estimate.
    Nicholas Mallos, a senior
    director at the Ocean Conservancy and an
    author of the study, said the upper
    estimate would be equal to a pile of
    plastic covering the area of the White
    House Lawn and reaching as high as the
    Empire State Building.
    The ranges are wide partly
    because “there’s no real standard for
    being able to provide good quality data on
    collection and disposal of waste in
    general,” said Ted Siegler, a resource
    economist at DSM Environmental
    Solutions, a consulting firm, and an
    author of the study. Mr. Siegler said the
    researchers had evaluated waste-disposal
    practices in countries around the world
    and used their “best professional
    judgment” to determine the lowest and
    highest amounts of plastic waste likely to
    escape into the environment. They settled
    on a range of 25 percent to 75 percent.
    Tony Walker, an associate
    professor at the Dalhousie University
    School for Resource and Environmental
    Studies in Halifax, Nova Scotia, said that
    analyzing waste data can amount to a
    “data minefield” because there are no
    data standards across municipalities.
    Moreover, once plastic waste is shipped
    overseas, he said, data is often not
    recorded at all.
    Nonetheless, Dr. Walker, who
    was not involved in the study, said it
    could offer a more accurate accounting of
    plastic pollution than the previous study,
    which likely underestimated the United
    States’ contribution. “They’ve put their
    best estimate, as accurate as they can be
    with this data,” he said, and used ranges,
    which underscores that the figures are
    estimates.
    Of the plastics that go into the
    United States recycling system, about 9
    percent of the country’s total plastic
    waste, there is no guarantee that they’ll
    be remade into new consumer goods. New
    plastic is so inexpensive to manufacture
    that only certain expensive, high-grade
    plastics are profitable to recycle within the
    United States, which is why roughly half
    of the country’s plastic waste was shipped
    abroad in 2016, the most recent year for
    which data is available.
    Since 2016, however, the
    recycling landscape has changed. China
    and many countries in Southeast Asia
    have stopped accepting plastic waste
    imports. And lower oil prices have further
    reduced the market for recycled plastic.
    “What the new study really underscores is
    we have to get a handle on source
    reduction at home,” Mr. Mallos said. “That
    starts with eliminating unnecessary and
    problematic single-use plastics.”

    From: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/30/
    “There are no data standards” (lines 73-74) can be correctly rewritten as
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 7e78a282-92
  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    Americans May Add Five Times More Plastic to the Oceans Than Thought

    The United States is using more
    plastic than ever, and waste exported for
    recycling is often mishandled, according
    to a new study.
    The United States contribution
    to coastal plastic pollution worldwide is
    significantly larger than previously
    thought, possibly by as much as five
    times, according to a study published
    Friday. The research, published in Science
    Advances, is the sequel to a 2015 paper
    by the same authors. Two factors
    contributed to the sharp increase:
    Americans are using more plastic than
    ever and the current study included
    pollution generated by United States
    exports of plastic waste, while the earlier
    one did not.
    The United States, which does
    not have sufficient infrastructure to
    handle its recycling demands at home,
    exports about half of its recyclable waste.
    Of the total exported, about 88 percent
    ends up in countries considered to have
    inadequate waste management.
    “When you consider how much
    of our plastic waste isn’t actually
    recyclable because it is low-value,
    contaminated or difficult to process, it’s
    not surprising that a lot of it ends up
    polluting the environment,” said the
    study’s lead author, Kara Lavender Law,
    research professor of oceanography at
    Sea Education Association, in a
    statement.
    The study estimates that in
    2016, the United States contributed
    between 1.1 and 2.2 million metric tons of
    plastic waste to the oceans through a
    combination of littering, dumping and 
    mismanaged exports. At a minimum,
    that’s almost double the total estimated
    waste in the team’s previous study. At the
    high end, it would be a fivefold increase
    over the earlier estimate.
    Nicholas Mallos, a senior
    director at the Ocean Conservancy and an
    author of the study, said the upper
    estimate would be equal to a pile of
    plastic covering the area of the White
    House Lawn and reaching as high as the
    Empire State Building.
    The ranges are wide partly
    because “there’s no real standard for
    being able to provide good quality data on
    collection and disposal of waste in
    general,” said Ted Siegler, a resource
    economist at DSM Environmental
    Solutions, a consulting firm, and an
    author of the study. Mr. Siegler said the
    researchers had evaluated waste-disposal
    practices in countries around the world
    and used their “best professional
    judgment” to determine the lowest and
    highest amounts of plastic waste likely to
    escape into the environment. They settled
    on a range of 25 percent to 75 percent.
    Tony Walker, an associate
    professor at the Dalhousie University
    School for Resource and Environmental
    Studies in Halifax, Nova Scotia, said that
    analyzing waste data can amount to a
    “data minefield” because there are no
    data standards across municipalities.
    Moreover, once plastic waste is shipped
    overseas, he said, data is often not
    recorded at all.
    Nonetheless, Dr. Walker, who
    was not involved in the study, said it
    could offer a more accurate accounting of
    plastic pollution than the previous study,
    which likely underestimated the United
    States’ contribution. “They’ve put their
    best estimate, as accurate as they can be
    with this data,” he said, and used ranges,
    which underscores that the figures are
    estimates.
    Of the plastics that go into the
    United States recycling system, about 9
    percent of the country’s total plastic
    waste, there is no guarantee that they’ll
    be remade into new consumer goods. New
    plastic is so inexpensive to manufacture
    that only certain expensive, high-grade
    plastics are profitable to recycle within the
    United States, which is why roughly half
    of the country’s plastic waste was shipped
    abroad in 2016, the most recent year for
    which data is available.
    Since 2016, however, the
    recycling landscape has changed. China
    and many countries in Southeast Asia
    have stopped accepting plastic waste
    imports. And lower oil prices have further
    reduced the market for recycled plastic.
    “What the new study really underscores is
    we have to get a handle on source
    reduction at home,” Mr. Mallos said. “That
    starts with eliminating unnecessary and
    problematic single-use plastics.”

    From: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/30/
    “They settled on a range of 25 percent to 75 percent” (lines 66-67) is a/an
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 7e740aa6-92
  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    Americans May Add Five Times More Plastic to the Oceans Than Thought

    The United States is using more
    plastic than ever, and waste exported for
    recycling is often mishandled, according
    to a new study.
    The United States contribution
    to coastal plastic pollution worldwide is
    significantly larger than previously
    thought, possibly by as much as five
    times, according to a study published
    Friday. The research, published in Science
    Advances, is the sequel to a 2015 paper
    by the same authors. Two factors
    contributed to the sharp increase:
    Americans are using more plastic than
    ever and the current study included
    pollution generated by United States
    exports of plastic waste, while the earlier
    one did not.
    The United States, which does
    not have sufficient infrastructure to
    handle its recycling demands at home,
    exports about half of its recyclable waste.
    Of the total exported, about 88 percent
    ends up in countries considered to have
    inadequate waste management.
    “When you consider how much
    of our plastic waste isn’t actually
    recyclable because it is low-value,
    contaminated or difficult to process, it’s
    not surprising that a lot of it ends up
    polluting the environment,” said the
    study’s lead author, Kara Lavender Law,
    research professor of oceanography at
    Sea Education Association, in a
    statement.
    The study estimates that in
    2016, the United States contributed
    between 1.1 and 2.2 million metric tons of
    plastic waste to the oceans through a
    combination of littering, dumping and 
    mismanaged exports. At a minimum,
    that’s almost double the total estimated
    waste in the team’s previous study. At the
    high end, it would be a fivefold increase
    over the earlier estimate.
    Nicholas Mallos, a senior
    director at the Ocean Conservancy and an
    author of the study, said the upper
    estimate would be equal to a pile of
    plastic covering the area of the White
    House Lawn and reaching as high as the
    Empire State Building.
    The ranges are wide partly
    because “there’s no real standard for
    being able to provide good quality data on
    collection and disposal of waste in
    general,” said Ted Siegler, a resource
    economist at DSM Environmental
    Solutions, a consulting firm, and an
    author of the study. Mr. Siegler said the
    researchers had evaluated waste-disposal
    practices in countries around the world
    and used their “best professional
    judgment” to determine the lowest and
    highest amounts of plastic waste likely to
    escape into the environment. They settled
    on a range of 25 percent to 75 percent.
    Tony Walker, an associate
    professor at the Dalhousie University
    School for Resource and Environmental
    Studies in Halifax, Nova Scotia, said that
    analyzing waste data can amount to a
    “data minefield” because there are no
    data standards across municipalities.
    Moreover, once plastic waste is shipped
    overseas, he said, data is often not
    recorded at all.
    Nonetheless, Dr. Walker, who
    was not involved in the study, said it
    could offer a more accurate accounting of
    plastic pollution than the previous study,
    which likely underestimated the United
    States’ contribution. “They’ve put their
    best estimate, as accurate as they can be
    with this data,” he said, and used ranges,
    which underscores that the figures are
    estimates.
    Of the plastics that go into the
    United States recycling system, about 9
    percent of the country’s total plastic
    waste, there is no guarantee that they’ll
    be remade into new consumer goods. New
    plastic is so inexpensive to manufacture
    that only certain expensive, high-grade
    plastics are profitable to recycle within the
    United States, which is why roughly half
    of the country’s plastic waste was shipped
    abroad in 2016, the most recent year for
    which data is available.
    Since 2016, however, the
    recycling landscape has changed. China
    and many countries in Southeast Asia
    have stopped accepting plastic waste
    imports. And lower oil prices have further
    reduced the market for recycled plastic.
    “What the new study really underscores is
    we have to get a handle on source
    reduction at home,” Mr. Mallos said. “That
    starts with eliminating unnecessary and
    problematic single-use plastics.”

    From: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/30/
    In the sentence “They've put their best estimate, as accurate as they could be with this data, he said, and used ranges, which underscores that...” (lines 83-86), the underlined verbs are, respectively,
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 7e669148-92
  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    Americans May Add Five Times More Plastic to the Oceans Than Thought

    The United States is using more
    plastic than ever, and waste exported for
    recycling is often mishandled, according
    to a new study.
    The United States contribution
    to coastal plastic pollution worldwide is
    significantly larger than previously
    thought, possibly by as much as five
    times, according to a study published
    Friday. The research, published in Science
    Advances, is the sequel to a 2015 paper
    by the same authors. Two factors
    contributed to the sharp increase:
    Americans are using more plastic than
    ever and the current study included
    pollution generated by United States
    exports of plastic waste, while the earlier
    one did not.
    The United States, which does
    not have sufficient infrastructure to
    handle its recycling demands at home,
    exports about half of its recyclable waste.
    Of the total exported, about 88 percent
    ends up in countries considered to have
    inadequate waste management.
    “When you consider how much
    of our plastic waste isn’t actually
    recyclable because it is low-value,
    contaminated or difficult to process, it’s
    not surprising that a lot of it ends up
    polluting the environment,” said the
    study’s lead author, Kara Lavender Law,
    research professor of oceanography at
    Sea Education Association, in a
    statement.
    The study estimates that in
    2016, the United States contributed
    between 1.1 and 2.2 million metric tons of
    plastic waste to the oceans through a
    combination of littering, dumping and 
    mismanaged exports. At a minimum,
    that’s almost double the total estimated
    waste in the team’s previous study. At the
    high end, it would be a fivefold increase
    over the earlier estimate.
    Nicholas Mallos, a senior
    director at the Ocean Conservancy and an
    author of the study, said the upper
    estimate would be equal to a pile of
    plastic covering the area of the White
    House Lawn and reaching as high as the
    Empire State Building.
    The ranges are wide partly
    because “there’s no real standard for
    being able to provide good quality data on
    collection and disposal of waste in
    general,” said Ted Siegler, a resource
    economist at DSM Environmental
    Solutions, a consulting firm, and an
    author of the study. Mr. Siegler said the
    researchers had evaluated waste-disposal
    practices in countries around the world
    and used their “best professional
    judgment” to determine the lowest and
    highest amounts of plastic waste likely to
    escape into the environment. They settled
    on a range of 25 percent to 75 percent.
    Tony Walker, an associate
    professor at the Dalhousie University
    School for Resource and Environmental
    Studies in Halifax, Nova Scotia, said that
    analyzing waste data can amount to a
    “data minefield” because there are no
    data standards across municipalities.
    Moreover, once plastic waste is shipped
    overseas, he said, data is often not
    recorded at all.
    Nonetheless, Dr. Walker, who
    was not involved in the study, said it
    could offer a more accurate accounting of
    plastic pollution than the previous study,
    which likely underestimated the United
    States’ contribution. “They’ve put their
    best estimate, as accurate as they can be
    with this data,” he said, and used ranges,
    which underscores that the figures are
    estimates.
    Of the plastics that go into the
    United States recycling system, about 9
    percent of the country’s total plastic
    waste, there is no guarantee that they’ll
    be remade into new consumer goods. New
    plastic is so inexpensive to manufacture
    that only certain expensive, high-grade
    plastics are profitable to recycle within the
    United States, which is why roughly half
    of the country’s plastic waste was shipped
    abroad in 2016, the most recent year for
    which data is available.
    Since 2016, however, the
    recycling landscape has changed. China
    and many countries in Southeast Asia
    have stopped accepting plastic waste
    imports. And lower oil prices have further
    reduced the market for recycled plastic.
    “What the new study really underscores is
    we have to get a handle on source
    reduction at home,” Mr. Mallos said. “That
    starts with eliminating unnecessary and
    problematic single-use plastics.”

    From: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/30/
    A high percentage of the USA's exported recyclable waste goes to countries that
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 7e57cf21-92
  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    Americans May Add Five Times More Plastic to the Oceans Than Thought

    The United States is using more
    plastic than ever, and waste exported for
    recycling is often mishandled, according
    to a new study.
    The United States contribution
    to coastal plastic pollution worldwide is
    significantly larger than previously
    thought, possibly by as much as five
    times, according to a study published
    Friday. The research, published in Science
    Advances, is the sequel to a 2015 paper
    by the same authors. Two factors
    contributed to the sharp increase:
    Americans are using more plastic than
    ever and the current study included
    pollution generated by United States
    exports of plastic waste, while the earlier
    one did not.
    The United States, which does
    not have sufficient infrastructure to
    handle its recycling demands at home,
    exports about half of its recyclable waste.
    Of the total exported, about 88 percent
    ends up in countries considered to have
    inadequate waste management.
    “When you consider how much
    of our plastic waste isn’t actually
    recyclable because it is low-value,
    contaminated or difficult to process, it’s
    not surprising that a lot of it ends up
    polluting the environment,” said the
    study’s lead author, Kara Lavender Law,
    research professor of oceanography at
    Sea Education Association, in a
    statement.
    The study estimates that in
    2016, the United States contributed
    between 1.1 and 2.2 million metric tons of
    plastic waste to the oceans through a
    combination of littering, dumping and 
    mismanaged exports. At a minimum,
    that’s almost double the total estimated
    waste in the team’s previous study. At the
    high end, it would be a fivefold increase
    over the earlier estimate.
    Nicholas Mallos, a senior
    director at the Ocean Conservancy and an
    author of the study, said the upper
    estimate would be equal to a pile of
    plastic covering the area of the White
    House Lawn and reaching as high as the
    Empire State Building.
    The ranges are wide partly
    because “there’s no real standard for
    being able to provide good quality data on
    collection and disposal of waste in
    general,” said Ted Siegler, a resource
    economist at DSM Environmental
    Solutions, a consulting firm, and an
    author of the study. Mr. Siegler said the
    researchers had evaluated waste-disposal
    practices in countries around the world
    and used their “best professional
    judgment” to determine the lowest and
    highest amounts of plastic waste likely to
    escape into the environment. They settled
    on a range of 25 percent to 75 percent.
    Tony Walker, an associate
    professor at the Dalhousie University
    School for Resource and Environmental
    Studies in Halifax, Nova Scotia, said that
    analyzing waste data can amount to a
    “data minefield” because there are no
    data standards across municipalities.
    Moreover, once plastic waste is shipped
    overseas, he said, data is often not
    recorded at all.
    Nonetheless, Dr. Walker, who
    was not involved in the study, said it
    could offer a more accurate accounting of
    plastic pollution than the previous study,
    which likely underestimated the United
    States’ contribution. “They’ve put their
    best estimate, as accurate as they can be
    with this data,” he said, and used ranges,
    which underscores that the figures are
    estimates.
    Of the plastics that go into the
    United States recycling system, about 9
    percent of the country’s total plastic
    waste, there is no guarantee that they’ll
    be remade into new consumer goods. New
    plastic is so inexpensive to manufacture
    that only certain expensive, high-grade
    plastics are profitable to recycle within the
    United States, which is why roughly half
    of the country’s plastic waste was shipped
    abroad in 2016, the most recent year for
    which data is available.
    Since 2016, however, the
    recycling landscape has changed. China
    and many countries in Southeast Asia
    have stopped accepting plastic waste
    imports. And lower oil prices have further
    reduced the market for recycled plastic.
    “What the new study really underscores is
    we have to get a handle on source
    reduction at home,” Mr. Mallos said. “That
    starts with eliminating unnecessary and
    problematic single-use plastics.”

    From: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/30/
    The article mentions that half of the American recyclable waste is
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 7e55a361-92
  • Linguagens

    Inglês

    Americans May Add Five Times More Plastic to the Oceans Than Thought

    The United States is using more
    plastic than ever, and waste exported for
    recycling is often mishandled, according
    to a new study.
    The United States contribution
    to coastal plastic pollution worldwide is
    significantly larger than previously
    thought, possibly by as much as five
    times, according to a study published
    Friday. The research, published in Science
    Advances, is the sequel to a 2015 paper
    by the same authors. Two factors
    contributed to the sharp increase:
    Americans are using more plastic than
    ever and the current study included
    pollution generated by United States
    exports of plastic waste, while the earlier
    one did not.
    The United States, which does
    not have sufficient infrastructure to
    handle its recycling demands at home,
    exports about half of its recyclable waste.
    Of the total exported, about 88 percent
    ends up in countries considered to have
    inadequate waste management.
    “When you consider how much
    of our plastic waste isn’t actually
    recyclable because it is low-value,
    contaminated or difficult to process, it’s
    not surprising that a lot of it ends up
    polluting the environment,” said the
    study’s lead author, Kara Lavender Law,
    research professor of oceanography at
    Sea Education Association, in a
    statement.
    The study estimates that in
    2016, the United States contributed
    between 1.1 and 2.2 million metric tons of
    plastic waste to the oceans through a
    combination of littering, dumping and 
    mismanaged exports. At a minimum,
    that’s almost double the total estimated
    waste in the team’s previous study. At the
    high end, it would be a fivefold increase
    over the earlier estimate.
    Nicholas Mallos, a senior
    director at the Ocean Conservancy and an
    author of the study, said the upper
    estimate would be equal to a pile of
    plastic covering the area of the White
    House Lawn and reaching as high as the
    Empire State Building.
    The ranges are wide partly
    because “there’s no real standard for
    being able to provide good quality data on
    collection and disposal of waste in
    general,” said Ted Siegler, a resource
    economist at DSM Environmental
    Solutions, a consulting firm, and an
    author of the study. Mr. Siegler said the
    researchers had evaluated waste-disposal
    practices in countries around the world
    and used their “best professional
    judgment” to determine the lowest and
    highest amounts of plastic waste likely to
    escape into the environment. They settled
    on a range of 25 percent to 75 percent.
    Tony Walker, an associate
    professor at the Dalhousie University
    School for Resource and Environmental
    Studies in Halifax, Nova Scotia, said that
    analyzing waste data can amount to a
    “data minefield” because there are no
    data standards across municipalities.
    Moreover, once plastic waste is shipped
    overseas, he said, data is often not
    recorded at all.
    Nonetheless, Dr. Walker, who
    was not involved in the study, said it
    could offer a more accurate accounting of
    plastic pollution than the previous study,
    which likely underestimated the United
    States’ contribution. “They’ve put their
    best estimate, as accurate as they can be
    with this data,” he said, and used ranges,
    which underscores that the figures are
    estimates.
    Of the plastics that go into the
    United States recycling system, about 9
    percent of the country’s total plastic
    waste, there is no guarantee that they’ll
    be remade into new consumer goods. New
    plastic is so inexpensive to manufacture
    that only certain expensive, high-grade
    plastics are profitable to recycle within the
    United States, which is why roughly half
    of the country’s plastic waste was shipped
    abroad in 2016, the most recent year for
    which data is available.
    Since 2016, however, the
    recycling landscape has changed. China
    and many countries in Southeast Asia
    have stopped accepting plastic waste
    imports. And lower oil prices have further
    reduced the market for recycled plastic.
    “What the new study really underscores is
    we have to get a handle on source
    reduction at home,” Mr. Mallos said. “That
    starts with eliminating unnecessary and
    problematic single-use plastics.”

    From: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/30/
    As to the use of plastic by Americans, the text mentions that it
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 7e4d60d4-92
  • Ciências da Natureza

    Física

    A figura mostra o diagrama de níveis de energia, em elétrons-volt, para o átomo de hidrogênio, segundo o modelo proposto por Bohr. Nela está representada uma transição do elétron do nível n = 4 para o nível n = 2.

    Imagem da questão de Física, FGV 2020, Física Moderna
    (http://astro.if.ufrgs.br. Adaptado.)

    A quantidade de energia associada ao fóton emitido pelo átomo de hidrogênio na transição mostrada na figura é
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 8c2514c8-05
  • Ciências da Natureza

    Física

    Um recipiente graduado de vidro, de volume interno igual a 800 cm3 , contém certa quantidade de glicerina, ambos a 20 ºC, temperatura para a qual o recipiente foi calibrado. Aquecendo-se o conjunto, nota-se que a indicação do volume de glicerina no interior do recipiente não se altera enquanto a substância estiver no estado líquido. Sendo os coeficientes de dilatação volumétrica do vidro e da glicerina, respectivamente, iguais a 3,0 × 10–5 ºC–1 e 5,0 × 10–4 ºC–1 , a quantidade de glicerina no recipiente, a temperatura de 20 ºC, é igual a
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 8c07c7ca-05
  • Linguagens

    Português


    Imagem da questão de Português, FGV 2020, Interpretação de Textos
    (www.fotografia.folha.uol.com.br)

    O efeito de humor da charge decorre
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 6634348b-05
  • Linguagens

    Português

    Leia a fábula "O gato e a barata", de Millôr Fernandes, para responder à questão.

         A baratinha velha subiu pelo pé do copo que, ainda com um pouco de vinho, tinha sido largado a um canto da cozinha, desceu pela parte de dentro e começou a lambiscar o vinho. Dada a pequena distância que nas baratas vai da boca ao cérebro, o álcool lhe subiu logo a este. Bêbada, a baratinha caiu dentro do copo. Debateu-se, bebeu mais vinho, ficou mais tonta, debateu-se mais, bebeu mais, tonteou mais e já quase morria quando deparou com o carão do gato doméstico que sorria de sua aflição, do alto do copo.
         – Gatinho, meu gatinho –, pediu ela – me salva, me salva. Me salva que assim que eu sair daqui eu deixo você me engolir inteirinha, como você gosta. Me salva.
         – Você deixa mesmo eu engolir você? – disse o gato.
         – Me saaaalva! – implorou a baratinha. – Eu prometo. 
        O gato então virou o copo com uma pata, o líquido escorreu e com ele a baratinha que, assim que se viu no chão, saiu correndo para o buraco mais perto, onde caiu na gargalhada. 
         – Que é isso? – perguntou o gato. – Você não vai sair daí e cumprir sua promessa? Você disse que deixaria eu comer você inteira.
         – Ah, ah, ah – riu então a barata, sem poder se conter. – E você é tão imbecil a ponto de acreditar na promessa de uma barata velha e bêbada?
        Moral: Às vezes a autodepreciação nos livra do pelotão.

    (Diana Luz Pessoa de Barros. Teoria semiótica do texto, 2005.)
    Quando um sujeito pratica uma ação sobre si mesmo, dizemos que essa ação tem caráter reflexivo.

    Assinale a alternativa em que o pronome sublinhado atribui caráter reflexivo a uma ação.
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 66314cee-05
  • Linguagens

    Português

    Considere o trecho inicial do conto "Uns sábados, uns agostos", de Caio Fernando Abreu, para responder à questão.

          Eles vinham aos sábados, sem telefonar. Não lembro desde quando criou-se o hábito de virem aos sábados, sem telefonar – e de vez em quando isso me irritava, pensando que se quisesse sair para, por exemplo, passear pelo parque ou tomar uma dessas lanchas de turismo que fazem excursões pelas ilhas, não poderia porque eles bateriam com as caras na porta fechada e ficariam ofendidos (eles eram sensíveis) e talvez não voltassem nunca mais. E como, aos sábados, eu jamais faria coisas como ir ao parque ou andar nessas tais lanchas que fazem excursões pelas ilhas, era obrigado a esperá-los, trancado em casa. Certamente os odiava um pouco enquanto não chegavam: um ódio de ter meus sábados totalmente dependentes deles, que não eram eu, e que não viveriam a minha vida por mim – embora eu nunca tivesse conseguido aprender como se vive aos sábados, se é que existe uma maneira específica de atravessá-los.  
    [...]
         E afinal, chovesse ou fizesse sol, sagradamente lá estavam eles, aos sábados. Naturalmente chovesse-ou-fizesse-sol é apenas isso que se convencionou chamar força de expressão, já que há muito tempo não fazia sol, talvez por ser agosto − mas de certa forma é sempre agosto nesta cidade, principalmente aos sábados.
          Não é que fossem chatos. Na verdade, eu nunca soube que critérios de julgamento se pode usar para julgar alguém definitivamente chato, irremediavelmente burro ou irrecuperavelmente desinteressante. Sempre tive uma dificuldade absurda para arrumar prateleiras. Acontece que não tínhamos nada em comum, não que isso tenha importância, mas nossas famílias não se conheciam, então não podíamos falar sobre os meus pais ou os avós deles, sobre os meus tios ou os seus sobrinhos ou qualquer outra dessas combinações genealógicas. Também não sabia que tipo de trabalho faziam, se é que faziam alguma coisa, nem sequer se liam, se estudavam, iam ao cinema, assistiam à televisão ou com que se ocupavam, enfim, além de me visitar aos sábados.

    (Caio Fernando Abreu. Mel e girassóis, 1988. Adaptado.) 
    Considerado o contexto do primeiro parágrafo, o verbo sublinhado indica um acontecimento habitual, frequente, no passado, na frase:
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 661ffbd9-05
  • Linguagens

    Português

    Considere o trecho inicial do conto "Uns sábados, uns agostos", de Caio Fernando Abreu, para responder à questão.

          Eles vinham aos sábados, sem telefonar. Não lembro desde quando criou-se o hábito de virem aos sábados, sem telefonar – e de vez em quando isso me irritava, pensando que se quisesse sair para, por exemplo, passear pelo parque ou tomar uma dessas lanchas de turismo que fazem excursões pelas ilhas, não poderia porque eles bateriam com as caras na porta fechada e ficariam ofendidos (eles eram sensíveis) e talvez não voltassem nunca mais. E como, aos sábados, eu jamais faria coisas como ir ao parque ou andar nessas tais lanchas que fazem excursões pelas ilhas, era obrigado a esperá-los, trancado em casa. Certamente os odiava um pouco enquanto não chegavam: um ódio de ter meus sábados totalmente dependentes deles, que não eram eu, e que não viveriam a minha vida por mim – embora eu nunca tivesse conseguido aprender como se vive aos sábados, se é que existe uma maneira específica de atravessá-los.  
    [...]
         E afinal, chovesse ou fizesse sol, sagradamente lá estavam eles, aos sábados. Naturalmente chovesse-ou-fizesse-sol é apenas isso que se convencionou chamar força de expressão, já que há muito tempo não fazia sol, talvez por ser agosto − mas de certa forma é sempre agosto nesta cidade, principalmente aos sábados.
          Não é que fossem chatos. Na verdade, eu nunca soube que critérios de julgamento se pode usar para julgar alguém definitivamente chato, irremediavelmente burro ou irrecuperavelmente desinteressante. Sempre tive uma dificuldade absurda para arrumar prateleiras. Acontece que não tínhamos nada em comum, não que isso tenha importância, mas nossas famílias não se conheciam, então não podíamos falar sobre os meus pais ou os avós deles, sobre os meus tios ou os seus sobrinhos ou qualquer outra dessas combinações genealógicas. Também não sabia que tipo de trabalho faziam, se é que faziam alguma coisa, nem sequer se liam, se estudavam, iam ao cinema, assistiam à televisão ou com que se ocupavam, enfim, além de me visitar aos sábados.

    (Caio Fernando Abreu. Mel e girassóis, 1988. Adaptado.) 
    Ao dizer "força de expressão" (2° parágrafo), o narrador informa que não se devem tomar as palavras em seu sentido
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 661ceb9f-05
  • Linguagens

    Português

    Leia o texto de Teresinha Costa para responder à questão.

         Em História social da criança e da família, Philippe Ariès faz um estudo na Europa, no período compreendido entre a Idade Média e o século XX, para demonstrar como a definição de criança se modificou no decorrer do tempo de acordo com parâmetros ideológicos. Pela análise de pinturas, diários, esculturas e vitrais produzidos na Europa no período anterior aos ideais da Revolução Francesa, Ariès forja a expressão "sentimento da infância" para designar "a consciência da particularidade infantil, essa particularidade que distingue essencialmente a criança do adulto". Esse sentimento vai aparecer a partir apenas do século XVII.
    Na Idade Média, a criança era vista como um pequeno adulto, sem características que a diferenciassem, e desconsiderada como alguém merecedor de cuidados especiais. Isso não significava que as crianças fossem até então desprezadas ou negligenciadas, mas sim que não se tinha consciência de uma série de particularidades intelectuais, comportamentais e emocionais que passaram, então, a ser consideradas como inerentes ou até mesmo naturais às crianças. Ariès comenta, inclusive, que os pintores ocidentais reproduziam crianças vestidas como pequenos adultos, e que somente percebemos se tratar de uma criança devido ao seu tamanho reduzido. Nas sociedades agrárias, a infância era um período rapidamente superado e, tão logo a criança adquiria alguma independência, passava a participar da vida dos adultos e de seus trabalhos, jogos e festas.

    (Psicanálise com crianças, 2010.)
    De acordo com o texto, a pesquisa de Philippe Ariès
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 6612c01b-05
  • Ciências da Natureza

    Química

    O carbeto de cálcio (CaC2) pode ser preparado a partir da reação entre o óxido de cálcio (CaO) e carbono de alta pureza, em condições de atmosfera controlada em altas temperaturas, de acordo com a equação:

    CaO (s) + 3C (s) → CaC2 (s) + CO (g)

    Em um experimento em um reator aberto, verificou-se que a diferença entre a massa da mistura reacional e a massa do conteúdo no reator ao término da reação foi 1 400 g.

    Dados:
    massa molar C = 12 g/mol
    massa molar O = 16 g/mol
    massa molar Ca = 40 g/mol

    A massa de carbono que reagiu foi igual a
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 65fc9ed8-05
  • Ciências da Natureza

    Química

    O Brasil é o 4º produtor mundial de água engarrafada e oferece no mercado produtos com diversas especificações. Uma determinada marca de água mineral exibe no rótulo de sua garrafa de 500 mL a informação: pH = 10 a 25 °C.

    Considerando-se que a 25 °C o produto iônico da água (Kw) é igual a 1 × 10–14, as quantidades de íons H+ e de íons OH– presentes nessa garrafa de água são, respectivamente,
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 65ebb49e-05