Todas as questões do ENEM

O Bioma, segundo Roger Dajoz, é um agrupamento de fisionomia homogênea e independente da composição florística. Estende-se por uma área bastante grande, e sua existência é controlada pelo macroclima. A fotografia a seguir permite ao observador a identificação de um importante bioma terrestre que é fortemente influenciado pelas condições climáticas atuais.


Assinale a alternativa que menciona o bioma observado e o tipo climático correspondente.

A Região Nordeste é composta por nove Estados e apresenta grande pluralidade cultural. São manifestações que fazem parte do tradicional folclore alagoano.

O processo de urbanização se manifesta em todo o Brasil. Contudo, do ponto de vista regional, registram-se diferenças no ritmo da transferência da população do meio rural para o meio urbano. Marque a alternativa que apresenta os motivos que favoreceram a urbanização da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil.

“Mais de 800 cientistas de 82 países assinaram, em conjunto, uma carta aberta em que expõem sua preocupação com o cultivo de alimentos transgênicos. Além de se oporem a seu cultivo, os pesquisadores pedem a proibição desse tipo de alimento, que, para o grupo, intensifica o monopólio corporativo, aumenta as desigualdades e ajuda a frear iniciativas sustentáveis na agricultura".

(Fragmento da carta aberta contra o uso de transgênicos no mundo).

As Olimpíadas de 2016 chamaram a atenção do mundo para um problema que vem se agravando a cada dia: a questão dos refugiados


Sobre esse tema, analise as afirmativas abaixo.

1) Segundo a Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre os refugiados, toda pessoa perseguida no país de origem, em virtude de religião, ascendência étnica, opiniões políticas, tem direito à proteção internacional e ao asilo.
2) Nas últimas décadas, as leis dos países ricos vêm contemplando de maneira favorável a entrada de refugiados, devido à necessidade de mão de obra, principalmente nos países da União Europeia.
3) Recentemente, grande parte dos refugiados vivem em "campos para refugiados", onde se amontoam aos milhares, vivendo em condições precárias e contando com a ajuda humanitária de organizações internacionais.
4) Do ponto de vista dos refugiados, o reconhecimento do direito de asilo, deveria ser acompanhado de políticas públicas direcionadas à integração dos refugiados, além da garantia ao acesso ao mercado de trabalho.

Estão corretas:

O processo de extinção do tráfico de escravos do Brasil foi marcado por uma forte interferência dos ingleses, o que pode se explicar, entre outras motivações, pelo seu interesse em

Entre as medidas tomadas pelo governo do Marquês de Pombal, na busca pela centralização do poder monárquico português, situam-se:

1) a extinção do sistema de Capitanias Hereditárias no Brasil.

2) a instituição das Aulas de Comércio na Colônia.

3) a expulsão dos Jesuítas dos domínios portugueses.

4) a imposição de um Juiz de Fora na presidência das câmaras municipais.

5) a retirada de religiosos da direção das missões indígenas.

Estão corretas apenas:

No bojo dos movimentos culturais desenvolvidos na Europa, no século XIX, foram construídos novos saberes no campo da História, destacando-se:

Nas Cartas de Doação, passadas aos capitães donatários do Brasil, em 1535, a Coroa portuguesa estabeleceu que pertenceria a si:

A partir da expansão marítimo-comercial europeia, nos séculos XV e XVI, o mundo adquiriu uma nova feição geopolítica. Esse processo expansionista está relacionado:

As Olimpíadas, sediadas recentemente no Brasil, fazem parte do legado da cultura grega, ainda hoje usufruído em muitas sociedades contemporâneas. Dessa herança faz parte, entre outros,

Millions of women worldwide use hormonal contraceptives, and there have long been reports that they can affect mood. A research project was launched in Denmark to look at the scale of the problem, involving the medical records of more than a million women and adolescent girls.

It found that those on the combined pill were 23% more likely to be prescribed an antidepressant by their doctor, most commonly in the first six months after starting on the pill. Women on the progestin-only pills, a synthetic form of the hormone progesterone, were 34% more likely to take antidepressants or get a first diagnosis of depression than those not on hormonal contraception.

The study found that not only women taking pills but also those with implants, patches and intrauterine devices were affected.

Adolescent girls appeared to be at highest risk. Those taking combined pills were 80% more likely and those on progestin-only pills more than twice as likely to be prescribed an antidepressant than their peers who were not on the pill.

The researchers, Øjvind Lidegaard of the University of Copenhagen and colleagues, point out that women are twice as likely to suffer from depression in their lifetime as men, though rates are equal before puberty. The fluctuating levels of the two female sex hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, have been implicated. Studies have suggested raised progesterone levels in particular may lower mood.

The impact of low-dose hormonal contraception on mood and possibly depression has not been fully studied, the authors say. They used registry data in Denmark on more than a million women and adolescent girls aged between 15 and 34. They were followed up from 2000 until 2013 with an average follow-up of 6.4 years.

The authors call for more studies to investigate this possible side-effect of the pill.

Adaptado de: < https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/sep/28/women-takingcontraceptive-pill-more-likely-to-be-treated-for-depression-studyfinds> Acessado em 29 de setembro de 2016.

  

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Over a million people in the UK aged over 65 now experience chronic loneliness. This figure will only rise as our population ages. And research shows that severe loneliness affects people across their life course, including children and young people.

Chronic loneliness is as bad for our health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day and as damaging as obesity and physical inactivity. It is linked with depression, dementia and high blood pressure alongside a number of other conditions. Loneliness impacts on our struggling health and social care system, with evidence showing that those living with loneliness are far more likely to visit their local doctor or A&E. New research shows the health cost alone of loneliness is equivalent to some £12,000 per person over 15 years.

National and local policymakers are now waking up. Health and wellbeing boards across England are making loneliness a priority and the Welsh and Scottish governments have recently announced commitments to develop national cross-governmental strategies to address loneliness and social isolation.

We are calling on the UK government to follow suit and commit to the development of a UK-wide strategy for tackling loneliness and social isolation to help end this growing crisis. 

Adaptado de: <https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/oct/04/treating-ukloneliness-epidemic> Acessado em 4 de outubro de 2016.

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Over a million people in the UK aged over 65 now experience chronic loneliness. This figure will only rise as our population ages. And research shows that severe loneliness affects people across their life course, including children and young people.

Chronic loneliness is as bad for our health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day and as damaging as obesity and physical inactivity. It is linked with depression, dementia and high blood pressure alongside a number of other conditions. Loneliness impacts on our struggling health and social care system, with evidence showing that those living with loneliness are far more likely to visit their local doctor or A&E. New research shows the health cost alone of loneliness is equivalent to some £12,000 per person over 15 years.

National and local policymakers are now waking up. Health and wellbeing boards across England are making loneliness a priority and the Welsh and Scottish governments have recently announced commitments to develop national cross-governmental strategies to address loneliness and social isolation.

We are calling on the UK government to follow suit and commit to the development of a UK-wide strategy for tackling loneliness and social isolation to help end this growing crisis. 

Adaptado de: <https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/oct/04/treating-ukloneliness-epidemic> Acessado em 4 de outubro de 2016.

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Engineers at MIT have developed an elastic yet sturdy hydrogel material that can be used as flexible, biocompatible wound dressing and as a smart delivery method for drugs or medical devices.

The material was designed to be embedded with medicallyuseful electronics, such as conductive wires, semiconductor chips, LED lights, and temperature sensors, according to a study published online December 7, 2015 in the journal Advanced Materials.
Electronics coated in the hydrogel could be placed not only on the surface of the skin but also inside the body—such as implanted biocompatible glucose sensors or soft, compliant neural probes, the researchers wrote.

“Electronics are usually hard and dry, but the human body is soft and wet. These two systems have drastically different properties,” said lead investigator Xuanhe Zhao, Associate Professor in MIT’s Department of Mechanical Engineering.

Dr. Zhao explained, “If you want to put electronics in close contact with the human body for applications such as health care monitoring and drug delivery, it is highly desirable to make the electronic devices soft and stretchable to fit the environment of the human body. That’s the motivation for stretchable hydrogel electronics.”

Current hydrogels are often brittle and made of degradable biomaterials that don’t last long, he explained. So, his team designed a hydrogel that is not only as flexible as human soft tissues, but can bond strongly to non-porous surfaces such as gold, titanium, aluminum, silicon, glass, and ceramic.

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.

Engineers at MIT have developed an elastic yet sturdy hydrogel material that can be used as flexible, biocompatible wound dressing and as a smart delivery method for drugs or medical devices.

The material was designed to be embedded with medicallyuseful electronics, such as conductive wires, semiconductor chips, LED lights, and temperature sensors, according to a study published online December 7, 2015 in the journal Advanced Materials.
Electronics coated in the hydrogel could be placed not only on the surface of the skin but also inside the body—such as implanted biocompatible glucose sensors or soft, compliant neural probes, the researchers wrote.

“Electronics are usually hard and dry, but the human body is soft and wet. These two systems have drastically different properties,” said lead investigator Xuanhe Zhao, Associate Professor in MIT’s Department of Mechanical Engineering.

Dr. Zhao explained, “If you want to put electronics in close contact with the human body for applications such as health care monitoring and drug delivery, it is highly desirable to make the electronic devices soft and stretchable to fit the environment of the human body. That’s the motivation for stretchable hydrogel electronics.”

Current hydrogels are often brittle and made of degradable biomaterials that don’t last long, he explained. So, his team designed a hydrogel that is not only as flexible as human soft tissues, but can bond strongly to non-porous surfaces such as gold, titanium, aluminum, silicon, glass, and ceramic.

The hydrogel material which engineers have come up with at MIT

Não serei o poeta de um mundo caduco.

Também não catarei o mundo futuro.

Estou preso à vida e olho meus companheiros.

Estão taciturnos mas nutrem grandes esperanças.

Entre eles, considero a enorme realidade.

O presente é tão grande, não nos afastemos.

Não nos afastemos muito, vamos de mãos dadas.

Não serei o cantor de uma mulher, de uma história,

Não direi os suspiros ao anoitecer (...),

não fugirei para as ilhas, nem serei raptado por serafins.

O tempo é a minha matéria, o tempo presente, os homens presentes, a vida presente.

(Carlos Drummond de Andrade)

Varrei os mares, tufão!...

Trata-se de um fragmento do poema Navio Negreiro, da autoria de Castro Alves, em que se pode observar:

1) uma tendência da terceira geração dos poetas românticos, que se interessam mais pelo conflito entre liberdade e escravidão do que pela idealização do amor.
2) uma produção poética envolvida com os problemas sociais que afligiam a realidade da época.
3) a disposição para entrar em interlocução com a entidade divina ou com entidades supostamente poderosas.
4) a posição do eu-lírico em relação ao tráfico de escravos, a qual sintonizava com a parcela da população que queria a extinção da escravidão, mas de forma lenta e gradual.

Estão corretas:

(Caulos. Só dói quando eu respiro. L&PM, 1970, p. 27).

José de Alencar, Gonçalves Dias e Castro Alves são conhecidas figuras de nosso Romantismo. Em suas obras, podemos constatar algumas das ‘marcas características’ do projeto literário romântico’, a saber: