Questões de Linguagens do ENEM

Segunda Noticia

 El británico Norman Hammond, del instituto McDonald para la investigación arqueológica de la Universidad de Cambridge (Reino Unido) y profesor emérito en la Universidad de Boston, es una de las máximas autoridades mundiales en el mundo maya en general y en los yacimientos de Belice, en particular. No en vano Hammond trabajó desde 1970 hasta 2002 en varios lugares del país centroamericano. Aún atónito por la noticia de la destrucción de una pirámide milenaria por excavadoras de una empresa constructora, que buscaba grava para arreglar una carretera, Hammond cuenta por correo electrónico a EL PAÍS la importancia de Nohmul, el lugar arqueológico donde se produjo la demolición. “Nohmul, que significa El gran montículo, fue llamado así por su pirámide principal, que se elevó más de un centenar de metros por encima del suelo y era visible desde kilómetros de distancia. Ahora, el templo occidental, el segundo más importante de la ciudad, ha sido arrasado por un empresario local para construir caminos en el pueblo cercano de Douglas. Las fotografías satelitales muestran que el edificio casi ha desaparecido. Nohmul tenía aún muchos secretos que contarnos. Es una tragedia para Belice y para la erudición, en general”, cuenta. Periódico EL PAÍS. Madrid, 15/05/2013. 

Ao analisar a pintura de Cândido Portinari (Imagem 1), em seu contexto sócio-histórico, nota-se que o artista

A questão referem-se ao texto a seguir. Leia-o atentamente antes de responder a elas.

                                                                                                                    O PEIXE NEMO E O MAIS MÉDICOS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Rogério Cezar de Cerqueira Leite

1º § A indústria farmacêutica apresenta uma característica peculiar. Ela vende para um, o doente, que é quem paga, mas quem escolhe o medicamento é outro, o médico.
2º § Essa condição fez com que a indústria farmacêutica internacional desenvolvesse uma estratégia “sui generis” que, não obstante, imita um comportamento comum entre animais inferiores, a simbiose.
3º § Observo em meu aquário o peixe-palhaço percola Nemo colher um vôngole e levá-lo à boca de “sua” anêmona, antes mesmo que ele próprio se alimente. Em troca, recebe da anêmona – um animal com tentáculos venenosos – proteção contra eventuais predadores. Essa troca de favores chamamos simbiose.
4º § A promoção de medicamentos se faz de porta em porta, nos consultórios médicos. Todo mundo sabe que os inúmeros congressos médicos nos mais pitorescos locais do mundo, de Paris a Cancun, são patrocinados pelas empresas produtoras de medicamentos, inclusive com passagens e estadia pagas.
5º § O que não era percebido até recentemente é a importância e o volume de recursos repassados diretamente a médicos como remuneração pela promoção de medicamentos. Pois bem, embora sejam esses recursos diminutos em comparação com os gastos globais dessas empresas com propaganda, em que se incluem as conferências técnico-turísticas, elas ultrapassam só nos Estados Unidos uma centena de milhões de dólares por ano.
6º § E onde fica a ética? E o ensinamento de Hipócrates? A prática quotidiana e a necessidade de sobrevivência geram padrões de comportamento que, por sua vez, estabelecem dogmas, tabus, que enfim são incorporados como princípios éticos à cultura de cada sociedade.
7º § Aos poucos, os médicos acabam por sepultar sua própria percepção dos conflitos de interesse que regem essa maléfica simbiose. Três empresas multinacionais do setor farmacêutico foram há pouco multadas e 18 de seus funcionários presos na China por adotarem essa prática.
8º § Recentemente, o médico britânico e Nobel de medicina Richard J. Roberts acusou as farmacêuticas de evitar a cura em prol da dependência, um fato já conhecido. Se você cura o doente, você deixa de faturar. Se você simplesmente o mantém vivo, você fatura indefinidamente. Uma estratégia também adotada por animais parasitas. Quantas corporações médicas denunciaram essa condição maléfica?
9º § Médicos e suas associações já se opuseram, se não publicamente, pelo menos nos bastidores, a iniciativas positivas do Estado. Isso ocorreu com a instalação do SUS e com as poucas iniciativas de produção de medicamentos em laboratórios estatais. Agora acontece com o programa Mais Médicos, que, para as condições atuais da saúde no Brasil, é imprescindível. Tudo que pareça interferir com a tradicional simbiose médico-produtoras de medicamentos, mesmo que tangencialmente, passa a ser hostilizado.
10º § Quantos dos médicos que se declaram contra o programa repudiaram ofertas de passagens e estadias em gostosas conferências? Quantos colocam o interesse da sociedade brasileira acima dos seus próprios e de sua corporação?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    (Extraído de: Folha de S.Paulo, 19 nov. 2013.)

Quanto ao título, tendo em conta sua relação com o texto, é CORRETO afirmar:

The Impact of the Gulf Oil Spill on the U.S.

www.freewebs.com/mathewstolte/oilspills.html. 21/06/2010

      Although the oil has been pouring into the Gulf of Mexico for months, the consequences of this larger than ever environmental disaster have yet to be fully examined and determined. Scientists and researchers have started to put together some of the puzzle pieces, and the impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill are likely to be big.

      North Americans will have fewer choices on the store shelves. The Gulf of Mexico is a huge shipping lane through which products of all shapes and sizes come into North America. From toys to clothes to cars to building materials, you may find that the selection at your local store begins to shrink as shipping lanes slow down as a result of the oil spill.

      Whether you’re taking a vacation or hoping to walk along the shore, you may be disappointed. Many beaches in the U.S.A. are now closing as clean-up efforts on removing oil slick from the sands. But the impact may be felt for quite some time as oil continues to wash up on shore.

      Many wildlife animals will be impacted by the oil spill. Oiled birds, otter, bald eagles, pelicans, turtles, fish, and dolphins are already washing up on shore, making the beach sights less than palatable for someone looking to see some pristine nature.

      Over time, molluscs like clams incorporate calcium into their shells throughout their lifetimes. But the heavy metals like nickel and vanadium from the petroleum industry and the resulting oil spill may be incorporated into the shells of these creatures. As other wildlife consumes these clams, they incorporate the toxins into their bodies, and on it goes as the heavy metals bio-accumulate in the food chain. This could have serious, long-term consequences for human health. 

      Environmentalists have been working on restoring the populations of oysters by reseeding certain reefs to boost their numbers. The Gulf of Mexico has been home-working on some of these projects, but with the massive oil spilling into that environment, the oysters could soon become tainted with chemicals, making them unsafe to eat.

      The Gulf of Mexico is also a nursery for species like shrimp that grow up in the estuaries. The oil that is taking over this natural environment will choke out the plants that make the estuaries so nutritious to shrimp. 

      According to the National Weather Service, a hurricane like Hurricane Katrina could have a devastating impact on New Orleans. Researchers expect 15 named storms to develop into 8 hurricanes, and with a well-placed hurricane, the oil could be pushed onto New Orleans shores, further impacting the already devastated region.

Adapted from http://www.thenewecologist.com (21/06/2010)

The Impact of the Gulf Oil Spill on the U.S.

www.freewebs.com/mathewstolte/oilspills.html. 21/06/2010

      Although the oil has been pouring into the Gulf of Mexico for months, the consequences of this larger than ever environmental disaster have yet to be fully examined and determined. Scientists and researchers have started to put together some of the puzzle pieces, and the impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill are likely to be big.

      North Americans will have fewer choices on the store shelves. The Gulf of Mexico is a huge shipping lane through which products of all shapes and sizes come into North America. From toys to clothes to cars to building materials, you may find that the selection at your local store begins to shrink as shipping lanes slow down as a result of the oil spill.

      Whether you’re taking a vacation or hoping to walk along the shore, you may be disappointed. Many beaches in the U.S.A. are now closing as clean-up efforts on removing oil slick from the sands. But the impact may be felt for quite some time as oil continues to wash up on shore.

      Many wildlife animals will be impacted by the oil spill. Oiled birds, otter, bald eagles, pelicans, turtles, fish, and dolphins are already washing up on shore, making the beach sights less than palatable for someone looking to see some pristine nature.

      Over time, molluscs like clams incorporate calcium into their shells throughout their lifetimes. But the heavy metals like nickel and vanadium from the petroleum industry and the resulting oil spill may be incorporated into the shells of these creatures. As other wildlife consumes these clams, they incorporate the toxins into their bodies, and on it goes as the heavy metals bio-accumulate in the food chain. This could have serious, long-term consequences for human health. 

      Environmentalists have been working on restoring the populations of oysters by reseeding certain reefs to boost their numbers. The Gulf of Mexico has been home-working on some of these projects, but with the massive oil spilling into that environment, the oysters could soon become tainted with chemicals, making them unsafe to eat.

      The Gulf of Mexico is also a nursery for species like shrimp that grow up in the estuaries. The oil that is taking over this natural environment will choke out the plants that make the estuaries so nutritious to shrimp. 

      According to the National Weather Service, a hurricane like Hurricane Katrina could have a devastating impact on New Orleans. Researchers expect 15 named storms to develop into 8 hurricanes, and with a well-placed hurricane, the oil could be pushed onto New Orleans shores, further impacting the already devastated region.

Adapted from http://www.thenewecologist.com (21/06/2010)

The Impact of the Gulf Oil Spill on the U.S.

www.freewebs.com/mathewstolte/oilspills.html. 21/06/2010

      Although the oil has been pouring into the Gulf of Mexico for months, the consequences of this larger than ever environmental disaster have yet to be fully examined and determined. Scientists and researchers have started to put together some of the puzzle pieces, and the impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill are likely to be big.

      North Americans will have fewer choices on the store shelves. The Gulf of Mexico is a huge shipping lane through which products of all shapes and sizes come into North America. From toys to clothes to cars to building materials, you may find that the selection at your local store begins to shrink as shipping lanes slow down as a result of the oil spill.

      Whether you’re taking a vacation or hoping to walk along the shore, you may be disappointed. Many beaches in the U.S.A. are now closing as clean-up efforts on removing oil slick from the sands. But the impact may be felt for quite some time as oil continues to wash up on shore.

      Many wildlife animals will be impacted by the oil spill. Oiled birds, otter, bald eagles, pelicans, turtles, fish, and dolphins are already washing up on shore, making the beach sights less than palatable for someone looking to see some pristine nature.

      Over time, molluscs like clams incorporate calcium into their shells throughout their lifetimes. But the heavy metals like nickel and vanadium from the petroleum industry and the resulting oil spill may be incorporated into the shells of these creatures. As other wildlife consumes these clams, they incorporate the toxins into their bodies, and on it goes as the heavy metals bio-accumulate in the food chain. This could have serious, long-term consequences for human health. 

      Environmentalists have been working on restoring the populations of oysters by reseeding certain reefs to boost their numbers. The Gulf of Mexico has been home-working on some of these projects, but with the massive oil spilling into that environment, the oysters could soon become tainted with chemicals, making them unsafe to eat.

      The Gulf of Mexico is also a nursery for species like shrimp that grow up in the estuaries. The oil that is taking over this natural environment will choke out the plants that make the estuaries so nutritious to shrimp. 

      According to the National Weather Service, a hurricane like Hurricane Katrina could have a devastating impact on New Orleans. Researchers expect 15 named storms to develop into 8 hurricanes, and with a well-placed hurricane, the oil could be pushed onto New Orleans shores, further impacting the already devastated region.

Adapted from http://www.thenewecologist.com (21/06/2010)

The Impact of the Gulf Oil Spill on the U.S.

www.freewebs.com/mathewstolte/oilspills.html. 21/06/2010

      Although the oil has been pouring into the Gulf of Mexico for months, the consequences of this larger than ever environmental disaster have yet to be fully examined and determined. Scientists and researchers have started to put together some of the puzzle pieces, and the impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill are likely to be big.

      North Americans will have fewer choices on the store shelves. The Gulf of Mexico is a huge shipping lane through which products of all shapes and sizes come into North America. From toys to clothes to cars to building materials, you may find that the selection at your local store begins to shrink as shipping lanes slow down as a result of the oil spill.

      Whether you’re taking a vacation or hoping to walk along the shore, you may be disappointed. Many beaches in the U.S.A. are now closing as clean-up efforts on removing oil slick from the sands. But the impact may be felt for quite some time as oil continues to wash up on shore.

      Many wildlife animals will be impacted by the oil spill. Oiled birds, otter, bald eagles, pelicans, turtles, fish, and dolphins are already washing up on shore, making the beach sights less than palatable for someone looking to see some pristine nature.

      Over time, molluscs like clams incorporate calcium into their shells throughout their lifetimes. But the heavy metals like nickel and vanadium from the petroleum industry and the resulting oil spill may be incorporated into the shells of these creatures. As other wildlife consumes these clams, they incorporate the toxins into their bodies, and on it goes as the heavy metals bio-accumulate in the food chain. This could have serious, long-term consequences for human health. 

      Environmentalists have been working on restoring the populations of oysters by reseeding certain reefs to boost their numbers. The Gulf of Mexico has been home-working on some of these projects, but with the massive oil spilling into that environment, the oysters could soon become tainted with chemicals, making them unsafe to eat.

      The Gulf of Mexico is also a nursery for species like shrimp that grow up in the estuaries. The oil that is taking over this natural environment will choke out the plants that make the estuaries so nutritious to shrimp. 

      According to the National Weather Service, a hurricane like Hurricane Katrina could have a devastating impact on New Orleans. Researchers expect 15 named storms to develop into 8 hurricanes, and with a well-placed hurricane, the oil could be pushed onto New Orleans shores, further impacting the already devastated region.

Adapted from http://www.thenewecologist.com (21/06/2010)

The Impact of the Gulf Oil Spill on the U.S.

www.freewebs.com/mathewstolte/oilspills.html. 21/06/2010

      Although the oil has been pouring into the Gulf of Mexico for months, the consequences of this larger than ever environmental disaster have yet to be fully examined and determined. Scientists and researchers have started to put together some of the puzzle pieces, and the impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill are likely to be big.

      North Americans will have fewer choices on the store shelves. The Gulf of Mexico is a huge shipping lane through which products of all shapes and sizes come into North America. From toys to clothes to cars to building materials, you may find that the selection at your local store begins to shrink as shipping lanes slow down as a result of the oil spill.

      Whether you’re taking a vacation or hoping to walk along the shore, you may be disappointed. Many beaches in the U.S.A. are now closing as clean-up efforts on removing oil slick from the sands. But the impact may be felt for quite some time as oil continues to wash up on shore.

      Many wildlife animals will be impacted by the oil spill. Oiled birds, otter, bald eagles, pelicans, turtles, fish, and dolphins are already washing up on shore, making the beach sights less than palatable for someone looking to see some pristine nature.

      Over time, molluscs like clams incorporate calcium into their shells throughout their lifetimes. But the heavy metals like nickel and vanadium from the petroleum industry and the resulting oil spill may be incorporated into the shells of these creatures. As other wildlife consumes these clams, they incorporate the toxins into their bodies, and on it goes as the heavy metals bio-accumulate in the food chain. This could have serious, long-term consequences for human health. 

      Environmentalists have been working on restoring the populations of oysters by reseeding certain reefs to boost their numbers. The Gulf of Mexico has been home-working on some of these projects, but with the massive oil spilling into that environment, the oysters could soon become tainted with chemicals, making them unsafe to eat.

      The Gulf of Mexico is also a nursery for species like shrimp that grow up in the estuaries. The oil that is taking over this natural environment will choke out the plants that make the estuaries so nutritious to shrimp. 

      According to the National Weather Service, a hurricane like Hurricane Katrina could have a devastating impact on New Orleans. Researchers expect 15 named storms to develop into 8 hurricanes, and with a well-placed hurricane, the oil could be pushed onto New Orleans shores, further impacting the already devastated region.

Adapted from http://www.thenewecologist.com (21/06/2010)

In the sentence “Environmentalists have been working on restoring the populations of oysters by reseeding certain reefs to boost their numbers”, environmentalists and the populations of oysters can be respectively substituted by the pronouns