Questões: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC - RJ) — com gabarito

A imagem acima, “A Escola de Atenas”, é considerada uma das maiores obras de arte renascentista. Foi elaborada sob a forma de afresco, realizado entre os anos de 1506-1510, sob encomenda do Vaticano para ornar um dos aposentos do palácio principal. Rafael Sanzio soube representar de modo magistral o espírito de sua época. No centro do afresco, as figuras dos filósofos Platão e Aristóteles bem como de outros sábios da Antiguidade. Considerando o contexto histórico retratado na obra e as proposições que se seguem, marque a alternativa CORRETA.

I – A realização da grandiosa obra foi em parte possível pela prática do mecenato, que propiciava ao artista as condições materiais para a produção de obras de arte e de inventos científicos.

II – A técnica da perspectiva, a valorização do volume dos corpos pelo contraste claro-escuro, e a utilização, no original, de cores vivas revelam a preocupação em representar as pinturas da forma mais realista possível.

III – Apesar da crença em um conhecimento racional do mundo, os intelectuais desse contexto acreditavam na existência de Deus, que dotou o homem de raciocínio para desvendar as leis do universo.

IV – Os intelectuais renascentistas buscaram inspiração nos padrões estéticos e nos conhecimentos produzidos pelos clássicos greco-romanos da Antiguidade.

Neutraliza-se 50 mL de solução aquosa de hidróxido de sódio 0,10 mol L-1 com 50 mL de solução aquosa de ácido clorídrico 0,10 mol L-1 . Nessa reação, há formação de água. As espécies Na+ e Cl- os são íons espectadores.

NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → H2O(l) + NaCl(aq)

Admitindo como desprezível a expansão de volume como resultado dessa reação, a concentração de Cl- , em quantidade de matéria (mol L-1 ), na solução resultante é aproximadamente igual a: (A)

A tabela periódica dos elementos é uma base de dados que possibilita prever o comportamento, propriedades e características dos elementos químicos.

Com as informações que podem ser obtidas da tabela periódica, relacione os elementos apresentados na coluna da esquerda com a informação da coluna à direita que indica a respectiva distribuição dos elétrons nos subníveis do último nível de energia ocupado no estado fundamental.

Elemento químico Configuração no último nível

I – Bromo X – s2

II – Estanho Y – s2 p4

III – Polônio Z – s2 p2

IV – Rádio

Estão corretas as associações:

A decomposição de uma amostra de carbonato de cálcio consumiu 266 kJ. A partir desse resultado e da equação termoquímica abaixo, conclui-se que:

CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g); ΔH = +133 kJ mol-1

Considere as afirmativas a seguir sobre o 2-metilpentano.

I – Possui cadeia carbônica normal.

II – Possui fórmula molecular C6 H14.

III – É um hidrocarboneto insaturado.

IV – Possui três átomos de carbono primários.

É correto o que se afirma somente em:

Considere o circuito abaixo, onde a fem vale ε = 2,0 V,e todos os resistores têm o mesmo valor de resistência,R = 10 Ω.

A corrente elétrica que percorre o trecho entre os pontos A e B é, em amperes:

Um pêndulo é formado por uma esfera de 2,0 kg que está presa à extremidade de um fio ideal de comprimento 0,80 m, cuja outra extremidade está presa a um ponto fixo, como mostrado na figura. A esfera é solta a partir do repouso, com o fio esticado na posição horizontal.

Dado que g = 10 m/s2 e não há atrito ou resistência do ar, calcule em m/s a velocidade com que a esfera chega ao ponto mais baixo de sua trajetória.

Em um planeta distante sem atmosfera, a aceleração da gravidade vale apenas a metade do valor terrestre, ou seja, g = 5,0 m/s2 . Suponha duas bolas 1 e 2, tendo a bola 2 o dobro da massa da bola 1. Considere as seguintes afirmações e marque a opção que aponta a(s) afirmativa(s) correta(s).

I – Neste planeta, a força de atração gravitacional que a bola 2 sofre é o dobro daquela sentida pela bola 1.

II – Ao soltar as duas bolas no mesmo instante da mesma altura, a bola 2 chegará antes ao solo.

III – Qualquer uma das bolas leva, nesse planeta, o dobro de tempo para chegar ao solo, comparado ao tempo que levaria para cair à mesma altura na Terra.

Um objeto é colocado em frente a um espelho côncavo, na posição tal como mostrada na figura.

Marque a resposta correta:

Uma caixa de massa 10 kg, inicialmente em repouso em uma superfície horizontal sem atrito, começa a ser puxada por uma força constante de módulo F = 10 N, como mostrado na figura.

A velocidade da caixa após 2,0 segundos é, em m/s:

Considere:

√2 = 1,4 e √3 = 1,7

sen 30º = ½

cos 30º = √3/2

The text ‘Brazil as a bridge between old and new powers?’ has been extracted from a text published in the periodical International Affairs, issue nº 89. The issue, as stated by the editors in an introductory article, ‘… has been divided into two parts. Part one comprises case-studies of three rising powers — Brazil, India and China — while the articles in part two cover the various actors and entities that have reason and/or ability to attempt to manage the rise of new powers. (…) These multiple actors may be grouped into four categories…’

The following definitions were given in the introductory article for each of the categories:

1. This group comprises states and groupings of states that have acquired, over the past decades, the role of agendasetters as Great Powers. They have exerted defining influence in shaping the rules and norms of global governance. Despite their relative decline (especially with reference to the rising powers), they still have enough power to act as gatekeepers to the inner sanctums of international regimes.

2. In this category are the countries that represent the proverbial grass that gets trampled when elephants fight. They often form the unfortunate terrain on which scrambles for power can occur, but are also occasionally able to exercise powerful leverage by providing the follower base that aspiring leaders seek, and legitimize claims to greater power by securing for those leaders the backing of large numbers.

3. As the shift in the balance of power that we see under way today is not occurring simply between states, this category includes businesses and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that have emerged as repositories and brokers of power, effectively harnessed by states at different levels of the hierarchy and harnessing them to serve their own causes in turn.

4. This category recognizes that most international organizations, regimes and networks are seldom ‘actors’ in their own right. But different organizations, networks and regimes, even when made up of similar memberships, show different degrees of adaptability and reform in response to the needs and demands posed by rising powers.

The text ‘Brazil as a bridge between old and new powers?’ has been extracted from a text published in the periodical International Affairs, issue nº 89. The issue, as stated by the editors in an introductory article, ‘… has been divided into two parts. Part one comprises case-studies of three rising powers — Brazil, India and China — while the articles in part two cover the various actors and entities that have reason and/or ability to attempt to manage the rise of new powers. (…) These multiple actors may be grouped into four categories…’

The following definitions were given in the introductory article for each of the categories:

1. This group comprises states and groupings of states that have acquired, over the past decades, the role of agendasetters as Great Powers. They have exerted defining influence in shaping the rules and norms of global governance. Despite their relative decline (especially with reference to the rising powers), they still have enough power to act as gatekeepers to the inner sanctums of international regimes.

2. In this category are the countries that represent the proverbial grass that gets trampled when elephants fight. They often form the unfortunate terrain on which scrambles for power can occur, but are also occasionally able to exercise powerful leverage by providing the follower base that aspiring leaders seek, and legitimize claims to greater power by securing for those leaders the backing of large numbers.

3. As the shift in the balance of power that we see under way today is not occurring simply between states, this category includes businesses and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that have emerged as repositories and brokers of power, effectively harnessed by states at different levels of the hierarchy and harnessing them to serve their own causes in turn.

4. This category recognizes that most international organizations, regimes and networks are seldom ‘actors’ in their own right. But different organizations, networks and regimes, even when made up of similar memberships, show different degrees of adaptability and reform in response to the needs and demands posed by rising powers.

In the definition transcribed in number 1 , the fragment “Despite their relative decline (…) they still have enough power to act as gatekeepers to the inner sanctums of international regimes.” means that

The text ‘Brazil as a bridge between old and new powers?’ has been extracted from a text published in the periodical International Affairs, issue nº 89. The issue, as stated by the editors in an introductory article, ‘… has been divided into two parts. Part one comprises case-studies of three rising powers — Brazil, India and China — while the articles in part two cover the various actors and entities that have reason and/or ability to attempt to manage the rise of new powers. (…) These multiple actors may be grouped into four categories…’

The following definitions were given in the introductory article for each of the categories:

1. This group comprises states and groupings of states that have acquired, over the past decades, the role of agendasetters as Great Powers. They have exerted defining influence in shaping the rules and norms of global governance. Despite their relative decline (especially with reference to the rising powers), they still have enough power to act as gatekeepers to the inner sanctums of international regimes.

2. In this category are the countries that represent the proverbial grass that gets trampled when elephants fight. They often form the unfortunate terrain on which scrambles for power can occur, but are also occasionally able to exercise powerful leverage by providing the follower base that aspiring leaders seek, and legitimize claims to greater power by securing for those leaders the backing of large numbers.

3. As the shift in the balance of power that we see under way today is not occurring simply between states, this category includes businesses and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that have emerged as repositories and brokers of power, effectively harnessed by states at different levels of the hierarchy and harnessing them to serve their own causes in turn.

4. This category recognizes that most international organizations, regimes and networks are seldom ‘actors’ in their own right. But different organizations, networks and regimes, even when made up of similar memberships, show different degrees of adaptability and reform in response to the needs and demands posed by rising powers.

The sequence that matches the category with its definition is: