Questões: Centro universitário FAG — com gabarito

Texto 2

“Na minha ânsia de ler, eu nem notava as humilhações a que me submetia: continuava a implorar-lhe emprestados os livros que não lia. Até que veio para ela o magno dia de começar a exercer sobre mim uma tortura chinesa. Como casualmente, informou-me que possuía. As reinações de Narizinho, de Monteiro Lobato. Era um livro grosso, meu Deus, era um livro para se ficar vivendo com ele, comendo-o, dormindo-o, E, completamente acima de minhas posses. Disse-me que eu passasse pela sua casa no dia seguinte e que ela o emprestaria. Até o dia seguinte eu me transformei na própria esperança de alegria: eu não vivia, nadava devagar num mar suave, as ondas me levavam e me traziam. No dia seguinte fui à sua casa, literalmente correndo. Ela não morava num sobrado como eu, e sim numa casa. Não me mandou entrar. Olhando bem pra meus olhos, disse-me que havia emprestado o livro a outra menina, e que eu voltasse no dia seguinte para buscá-lo”.

(Clarice Lispector, Felicidade Clandestina.)

O álcool é um produto resultante da fermentação de açúcares presentes em cereais, caldo de cana, frutas etc.

As enzimas de alguns microorganismos transforma o açúcar em álcool e gás carbônico.

A cerveja, por exemplo, (com 3 % a 7 %, em volume, de álcool) é resultado da fermentação da cevada.

A cachaça, por sua vez, (com 38 % a 50 %, em volume, de álcool) é obtida em duas etapas:

- a fermentação, na qual se consegue produzir até 20 %, em volume, de álcool e,

- a destilação, na qual o caldo fermentado é destilado, o que leva a um aumento da concentração do álcool.

Considerando o exposto, podemos afirmar que:

Text 1

In the past year, 3-D printing has been experiencing major breakthroughs, and it promises even greater strides in the fields of sustainability, technology and medical research. Yet the technology is currently being pioneered for another purpose: to help visually impaired children understand the fantastical worlds depicted in classic literary works such as Goodnight Moon and Polar Bear, Polar Bear, What Do You Hear?

A project at the University of Colorado is hoping to jump-start the commercial development of tactile books, allowing children to follow along text read aloud by tracing the corresponding raised illustrations with their fingers. The technology converts the images in original titles into pictures you can feel with a 3-D printer. Researchers at the Tactile Picture Book Project are working in conjunction with Denver’s Anchor Center—a nonprofit specializing in helping visually impaired children achieve educational success—on the project.

Tactile books are crucial to early cognitive development for blind children, who typically don’t begin to read Braille until the age of 6. The Anchor Center’s executive director, Alice Applebaum, explained in an interview with Mashable that the project can help even younger children develop the ability to explore the world through their hands. "It is one more opportunity for visually impaired children to experience literacy in an expanded way," she said. "Will it make them better readers? Not necessarily, but it will make them more aware of what the world looks like.

Tactile books are currently pricey to produce, but affordable 3-D printing is projected to be available within the next two to three years.

Researchers aim to eventually have the option available for both parents and educators, allowing them to take photos and send them to a 3-D printer for their personalized tactile book. The Tactile Picture Book Project is also testing workshops and software programs that might make it possible for parents to create tactile books for their own children.Mashable reports that, since the original Goodnight Moon book was printed, titles including The Very Hungry Caterpillar and The Cat in the Hat have been added to the steadily growing collection, which means the infamous Everyone Poops can’t be far behind on the list.

Text 2

    When I got to the airport, I learnt that the plane from Cairo, on which my brother was travelling, had been delayed at Paris with engine trouble and was expected to be about an hour late. As a rule I can pass the time quite happily; watching the planes land and take off, but that evening I had a headache; which I thought that the noise of the engines might make worse. I decided, therefore to walk around to make the time pass quickly.

    First of all I went back to the place where I had left my car to make sure that all the doors were locked. The walk in the fresh air did me good, for I felt slightly better as I entered the main airport building again. I made my way to the restaurant, where I ordered a cup of black coffee. As I stood drinking this at the counter, I studied the faces of the people around me. Some passengers were obviously anxious about the time, and kept looking at their watches; others checked to see that they had tickets, passports and money. Where there was a group of people, it was easy to tell which one was about to leave. He was the object of everyone’s attention and looked either very happy or very sad at the thought of departure.

    There was one woman who burst into tears as she said goodbye to the relatives or friends who had come to see her off. When I had finished my coffee, I went along to the bookstall, where I bought a couple of magazines, both of them about travel, which would help to make the time pass pleasantly. Then I went into one of the waiting-rooms and made myself comfortable in a big armchair. I had hardly had time to open one of my magazines, when someone came up and put his hand on my shoulder. It was an old friend; who was just about to leave on a business trip to South America. Since we had not seen each other for a long time, we found plenty to talk about until the arrival of my brother’s plane from Paris was announced.

Text 2

    When I got to the airport, I learnt that the plane from Cairo, on which my brother was travelling, had been delayed at Paris with engine trouble and was expected to be about an hour late. As a rule I can pass the time quite happily; watching the planes land and take off, but that evening I had a headache; which I thought that the noise of the engines might make worse. I decided, therefore to walk around to make the time pass quickly.

    First of all I went back to the place where I had left my car to make sure that all the doors were locked. The walk in the fresh air did me good, for I felt slightly better as I entered the main airport building again. I made my way to the restaurant, where I ordered a cup of black coffee. As I stood drinking this at the counter, I studied the faces of the people around me. Some passengers were obviously anxious about the time, and kept looking at their watches; others checked to see that they had tickets, passports and money. Where there was a group of people, it was easy to tell which one was about to leave. He was the object of everyone’s attention and looked either very happy or very sad at the thought of departure.

    There was one woman who burst into tears as she said goodbye to the relatives or friends who had come to see her off. When I had finished my coffee, I went along to the bookstall, where I bought a couple of magazines, both of them about travel, which would help to make the time pass pleasantly. Then I went into one of the waiting-rooms and made myself comfortable in a big armchair. I had hardly had time to open one of my magazines, when someone came up and put his hand on my shoulder. It was an old friend; who was just about to leave on a business trip to South America. Since we had not seen each other for a long time, we found plenty to talk about until the arrival of my brother’s plane from Paris was announced.

Na genealogia a seguir, as pessoas indicadas pelos números 1, 2, 4, 5 e 7 apresentam uma anomalia condicionada por gene autossômico dominante. Já as pessoas indicadas pelos números 3 e 6 têm fenótipo normal.

Após a análise da genealogia, pode-se concluir que:

Nos humanos, o processo de respiração é do tipo pulmonar e envolve o sistema circulatório, pois os gases são transportados, através dos vasos sanguíneos, dos pulmões para os tecidos e dos tecidos de volta para os pulmões.

Existem diferentes tipos de respiração para outros animais, como a aérea, a branquial e a cutânea. No entanto, independente do animal e do tipo de respiração, o oxigênio, ao chegar às células dos tecidos, participa de um processo chamado de respiração celular, ou seja, o processo de produção de energia para a célula (ATP).

Analise as seguintes afirmativas.

I. No processo de respiração, ocorre a difusão de CO‚ dos tecidos para o sangue e de O‚ do sangue para os tecidos. O sangue, ao passar pelos pulmões, faz a troca gasosa: deixa o CO‚ e recebe O‚. Em alguns animais, porém, o sistema circulatório não participa da condução dos gases nem das trocas gasosas.

II. A respiração aérea é realizada por insetos; a branquial, pelos peixes; a cutânea, pelos anelídeos e a pulmonar, pelos mamíferos.

III. A respiração celular, nos eucariotos aeróbicos, se processa com a participação de mitocôndria. Nessa organela, ocorrem o ciclo de Krebs e a cadeia respiratória, sendo que o oxigênio participa diretamente apenas da última etapa dessa cadeia.

IV. No ser humano, o sistema respiratório é composto pelas vias respiratórias e pelos pulmões. Nesses órgãos, as trocas gasosas ocorrem nos alvéolos, que são estruturas formadas por células epiteliais.

V. As hemácias são anucleadas e contêm, no seu interior, a hemoglobina. Esta proteína possui ferro, ao qual o oxigênio se liga para ser transportado pelo sangue. Já o dióxido de carbono, em sua maior parte, é transportado dissolvido no plasma sangüíneo, sob a forma de íons bicarbonato.

Está(ão) correta(s)

Durante uma aula de Botânica, a fim de destacar a importância econômica de vários produtos de origem vegetal, um professor de biologia ressaltou que:

- da raiz tuberosa da mandioca se retiram vários produtos importantes para a alimentação, ricos principalmente em AMIDO;

- dos caules de árvores, como mogno, cedro, peroba, jacarandá, pinho, imbuia, ipê etc., se retira uma grande variedade de MADEIRAS;

- do caule do sobreiro é extraída a grossa camada externa, conhecida como CORTIÇA;

- do caule da seringueira brasileira é extraído o LÁTEX, que fornece a preciosa borracha.

Os produtos citados pelo professor e destacados no texto - AMIDO, MADEIRAS, CORTIÇA e LÁTEX - se relacionam a diferentes tipos de tecidos vegetais, respectivamente:

    Montesquieu, filósofo, político e escritor francês foi quem desenvolveu, em 1748 aproximadamente, a Teoria da Separação dos Poderes contida em sua obra “O Espírito das Leis” baseada em John Locke, mas tal separação foi primeiramente mencionada por Aristóteles, filósofo grego seguidor de Platão.

    A teoria de Montesquieu dividia o poder do Estado para que o absolutismo monárquico fosse evitado, ou seja, para que o poder não permanecesse centralizado nas mãos de uma só pessoa. Dessa forma criou-se os poderes Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário passando cada um a ter sua função específica e independente não desmerecendo as demais, já que nenhum poder se sobressai aos demais.

Fonte: Adaptado de http://www.mundoeducacao.com/politica/.