Prova de 2011: Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC) — questões com gabarito

Nos aparelhos portáteis modernos, usados com freqüência na atualidade, como filmadoras, computadores, máquinas fotográficas digitais e telefones celulares, as baterias de íons de lítio vêm sendo cada vez mais utilizadas, porque possuem inúmeras vantagens frente a outros modelos, dentre eles as de níquel e cádmio e níquel metal hidreto. Além de armazenarem muito mais energia, as baterias de lítio proporcionam um tempo maior de uso sem recarga, são mais leves, não são afetadas pelo efeito memória e podem ser recarregadas sem a necessidade de esperar a descarga total. Isso sem falar que ainda diminuem o risco ambiental, principalmente quando comparadas às baterias que contém cádmio, que é um metal pesado que produz graves efeitos tóxicos aos organismos vivos, mesmo em concentrações muito pequenas.

A figura a seguir, ilustra um esquema do processo eletroquímico que ocorre nas baterias de íons de lítio.

Sobre tais reações, pode-se dizer que:

A figura abaixo apresenta uma visão parcial da Ilha de Fernando de Noronha, pertencente ao Estado de Pernambuco.

Sobre o processo de formação da Ilha de Fernando de Noronha, podemos afirmar que:

Starting a new job

by Rose Walker

    “You just got the phone call and the position is yours. It’s been a long time since you have started a new job and you need to prepare yourself for it. Will you really like your new position? How will the people treat you and can you get along with them? These are some of the questions that might run through your mind when you start a new job.

    Before you start your new position you need to get in the right frame of mind, so you can do the best job you can do.

    The first step in preparation for this new journey is to let all your fears go. Don’t walk into a new job with fear. This will keep you from being productive. Having negative thoughts about your new job will become a reality and this will cause problems right there. Stay in the same frame of mind you had when you applied for the position. This was something that you obviously wanted to do and was excited about doing. Keep those same thoughts and attitude when you actually start working your new job. By keeping that attitude you will eliminate a lot of your problems in the beginning with this new position. Your way of thinking will become your way of acting. Do a thorough research on your new company so you can understand what they do and how you will play a part in it.

    Have a good understanding about the company in full detail so it will give you that ease you need to have for you to succeed. This will allow you to have the confidence you will need to start this new job and you won’t feel so lost when you start interacting with your co-workers. Having the right attitude will allow you to get along with your co-workers even better. Everyone when they start a new job is considered the new kid on the block. This can make you feel left out right there, since everyone usually know everyone else and already have a comfort zone with each other. You have to let them know by being in the right frame of mind when you start that you can work with each and every one of them. If you come in with that fear, it’s going to seem like you are a unfriendly person and automatically no one will want to have anything to do with you. This will be a bad way to start off on your new job. You plan to be there for awhile and communicating with your co-workers on a daily base.

    Your attitude and the way you present yourself in the beginning is very important. It will determine how your relationship will be throughout the job. Getting along with your boss and coworkers is important, it can help you to succeed or be one of the causes to make you want to leave.

    Starting a new job can be a wonderful experience. Sure all of us are nervous about stepping into a new environment and meeting and dealing with new people. That’s what’s so exciting about it, everything is new. You have to look at it as a new journey in your life and not a dreaded trip that you have to make. Erase all those negative thoughts and fears you have so you can go in with a positive attitude that will let you be a positive person. Let this be a new spectacular and fantastic time in your life. When you stop and prepare yourself mentally for your new job, you will be a success at it.”

http://www.essortment.com/all/startinganew_rbph.htm

Read the sentences below and judge them (T) TRUE or (F) FALSE:

I. It’s not important to have a good understanding about the new company.

II. Your way of thinking will become your way of acting.

III. The first step in preparation for a new job is to let your fears go.

O coração é formado na sua maioria por músculo, sendo responsável pelo bombeamento do sangue no corpo. Sua atividade é realizada durante toda nossa vida. No gráfico abaixo, está demonstrado o fluxo de sangue na aorta ao longo do tempo.

Sobre o gráfico, é correto afirmar que:

Na maior parte das fecundações em humanos, o encontro dos gametas masculino e feminino se dá no terço distal das tubas uterinas. Após ocorrer a fecundação, o zigoto percorre um longo caminho até alcançar o útero, local apropriado para o desenvolvimento gestacional. Ao processo de fixação do zigoto no endométrio dá-se o nome de:

“Ainda na véspera eram seis viventes, contando com o papagaio. Coitado, morrera na areia do rio, onde haviam descansado, à beira de uma poça: a fome apertara demais os retirantes e por ali não existia sinal de comida. Baleia jantara os pés, a cabeça, os ossos do amigo, e não guardava lembrança disso.”

RAMOS, Graciliano. Vidas secas. 64. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 1993. p.54. (Fragmento).

A partir da leitura do fragmento acima, e também com base em toda a obra Vidas secas, pode-se afirmar que:

Leia os fragmentos a seguir, retirados da reportagem “Cientistas criam árvore artificial contra aquecimento global”, publicada no site da BBC, disponível em: http://www.bbc.co.uk/portuguese/ noticias/2009/07/090708arvoressinteticasebc.shtml.

    “Um grupo de cientistas da Universidade de Columbia, nos Estados Unidos, anunciou ter criado árvores artificiais que podem ajudar no combate ao aquecimento global, já que absorvem CO2 da atmosfera quase mil vezes mais rapidamente do que árvores de verdade.

    [...] Embora alguns ambientalistas critiquem os métodos de enterrar dióxido de carbono, Lackner afirma que o uso de suas árvores daria ao mundo tempo para encontrar alternativas melhores, como, por exemplo, o desenvolvimento de energias ‘limpas’, que não produzem gases.

     [...] De acordo com Klaus Lackner, cada uma dessas árvores artificiais poderia absorver uma tonelada de dióxido de carbono por dia, tirando da atmosfera CO2 equivalente ao produzido por 20 carros.

    [...] ‘O mundo produz cerca de 70 milhões de carros por ano, quer dizer, a produção de unidades neste patamar é certamente possível e também existe espaço suficiente no mundo para instalar as máquinas,’ disse [...]” 

A oração “que podem ajudar no combate ao aquecimento global” deve ser classificada como:

Em laboratório, é possível medir o valor do campo magnético da Terra (BT), uma vez determinada a sua direção. Contudo, isso não é uma tarefa fácil, já que seu valor é muito pequeno em comparação ao campo magnético produzido por fontes usuais, tais como ímãs de autofalantes, bobinas de motores ou geradores elétricos. A medição pode ser feita utilizando uma bússola colocada no centro do eixo das chamadas bobinas de Helmholtz. Nessas bobinas, é aplicada uma corrente elétrica conhecida e calibrada, que gera um campo magnético mensurável, e ainda perpendicular e da mesma ordem de grandeza do campo da Terra. Sendo assim, é possível calcular o valor (módulo) de BT medindo o ângulo (θ) entre o campo das bobinas e a resultante dos campos, a qual terá direção e sentido dados pela bússola.

Para ilustração, a figura a seguir mostra os campos produzidos pela Terra (BT), pelas bobinas (BH) e a orientação da bússola, definida pelo ângulo θ, na presença desses campos.

Estão corretas as afirmações:

“Durante a década de 1970, Asterix, um personagem de histórias em quadrinhos, alcançou grande popularidade. Gaulês, Asterix liderava, com a ajuda de uma poção mágica e de seu companheiro Obelix, a resistência de sua tribo contra os invasores romanos.”

ARRUDA, José Jobson de A.; PILETTI, Nelson. Toda a História: História Geral e História do Brasil. São Paulo: Ática, s.d., p.95.

O quadrinho acima apresenta a imagem de Asterix e Obelix, personagens de Uderzo e Goscinny. Ao observá-los e ler o texto, podemos compreender que:

Em novembro de 1783, na presença do rei Luís XVI e da rainha Maria Antonieta, foi realizado em Paris o primeiro vôo tripulado em um balão inflado com ar quente. Poucos dias depois, em dezembro do mesmo ano, o químico francês Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles (1746 – 1823), famoso por seus experimentos com balões, foi responsável pelo segundo vôo usando um gás muito mais leve que o ar – o hidrogênio, recém descoberto à época. Mesmo apresentando grande risco de explosão, porque esse gás é altamente inflamável, a aventura teve sucesso e o hidrogênio ainda foi usado por mais de 150 anos. Imaginando-se que, para geração do hidrogênio, Charles usou cerca de 240,0 litros de solução aquosa de ácido clorídrico de concentração 12 mol.L-1 e 80,64 kg de ferro metálico puro, através da reação química representada pela equação:

Fe(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → FeCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Então, na temperatura de 25 ºC e pressão de 1 atm, o volume de gás hidrogênio, considerado gás ideal, para inflar o balão foi de aproximadamente:

Massas Molares (g.mol-1): H = 1,0; Cl = 35,5 e Fe = 56,0;

R = 0,082 L.atm.K-1.mol-1 (Constante Universal dos Gases);

T (K) = T(ºC) + 273.

Um professor de química, em uma aula sobre ácidos e determinação de pH (potencial hidrogeniônico), resolveu diferenciar sua aula utilizando um rótulo de vinagre comercial, que continha a seguinte informação:

Ao explicar que o vinagre é uma solução aquosa de ácido acético (ácido etanóico), o professor deixou o seguinte questionamento valendo um ponto na média: “Qual o pH do vinagre?” As seguintes informações foram fornecidas pelo professor:  

Assim, ganhará o ponto o aluno que responder que o pH é aproximadamente: 

O terrorismo é uma forma violenta de protesto conhecida desde a Antigüidade, sendo uma tentativa de desestabilização de algum regime.

A imagem acima se refere ao atentado terrorista de 11 de setembro de 2001 em Nova York. Este tipo de atentado trata-se:

Com base na figura, aponte a alternativa correta:

Cada rio tem suas próprias características, que podem variar bastante ao longo de seu curso. A figura abaixo, apresenta os quatro tipos fundamentais de canal fluvial:

RICCOMINI, C. et al. Rios e processos aluviais. In: TEIXEIRA, W. et al (orgs). Decifrando a terra. São Paulo: Oficina de textos, 2000, p.197. (adaptado).

Em relação aos canais apresentados na figura, é correto afirmar:

“Wanna” in the second square is used in informal language, during conversation. It is the short form of:

On the first square, the expression “getting on my nerves”, means:

by Maggie Shiels

Technology reporter,

BBC News, Silicon Valley

    

    “Google has speeded up its internet search engine by launching a product called Instant that displays results as soon as users type in queries.

     The service predicts a user's query and modifies the displayed results as more letters are typed into the search box.

     The company described it as ‘search at the speed of thought’.

    Previously Google's suggested search terms and did not reveal results until the ‘enter’ key was hit or the ‘search’ button was clicked.

Google Instant goes live in the next week and on mobile devices by autumn.

     The service will initially be rolled out in the US, UK, Spain, Germany, France and Russia.

       Challenge to Microsoft?

     In a demo event held at San Francisco's Museum of Modern Art, Marissa Mayer, Google's vice-president of search products and user experience, typed in ‘sfm’ into the search box to demonstrate the new service.

    As she typed, results appeared instantly for ‘SF MOMA’ - the first predicted search result. In another demo, when the letter ‘w’ was entered, a list of links offering the ‘weather’ appeared along with images showing the temperature.

    ‘We've actually predicting what query you are likely to do and we're giving you results for that,’ said Ms Mayer.

       Google estimates that the typical user spends nine seconds entering a query and 15 seconds looking for answers.

        The company says Google Instant could shave between two and five seconds off a typical web search.

    ‘Google is betting all they have that speed is everything,’ Harry McCracken of technology blog Technologizer.com told the BBC.

     ‘Saving one or two seconds isn't that big of a deal. One of my instant thoughts is that I am going to see results I don't want because until I type enough that it knows what I want, it is going to show me links I am not interested in.’

     Technology commentator Robert Scoble said that the new feature would present a real challenge to Microsoft search engine Bing, which has been slowly chipping away at Google's lead in the search market.

    ‘Playing with it, it dramatically changes the way I do searches. I think it is a pretty major leap forward but this means that Bing becomes far less interesting and they now have to step up,’ said Mr. Scoble.

     Microsoft currently commands around 11% of the US search market compared to Google's 66%, according to research firm Comscore.

     Bing has gradually increased its market share since launch, although its growth has recently slowed.”

http://www.bbc.co.uk/newstechnology-11239037. 

Choose the alternative that best completes the sentence:

According to Google, it takes _________ seconds for a typical user to do a web search.

by Maggie Shiels

Technology reporter,

BBC News, Silicon Valley

    

    “Google has speeded up its internet search engine by launching a product called Instant that displays results as soon as users type in queries.

     The service predicts a user's query and modifies the displayed results as more letters are typed into the search box.

     The company described it as ‘search at the speed of thought’.

    Previously Google's suggested search terms and did not reveal results until the ‘enter’ key was hit or the ‘search’ button was clicked.

Google Instant goes live in the next week and on mobile devices by autumn.

     The service will initially be rolled out in the US, UK, Spain, Germany, France and Russia.

       Challenge to Microsoft?

     In a demo event held at San Francisco's Museum of Modern Art, Marissa Mayer, Google's vice-president of search products and user experience, typed in ‘sfm’ into the search box to demonstrate the new service.

    As she typed, results appeared instantly for ‘SF MOMA’ - the first predicted search result. In another demo, when the letter ‘w’ was entered, a list of links offering the ‘weather’ appeared along with images showing the temperature.

    ‘We've actually predicting what query you are likely to do and we're giving you results for that,’ said Ms Mayer.

       Google estimates that the typical user spends nine seconds entering a query and 15 seconds looking for answers.

        The company says Google Instant could shave between two and five seconds off a typical web search.

    ‘Google is betting all they have that speed is everything,’ Harry McCracken of technology blog Technologizer.com told the BBC.

     ‘Saving one or two seconds isn't that big of a deal. One of my instant thoughts is that I am going to see results I don't want because until I type enough that it knows what I want, it is going to show me links I am not interested in.’

     Technology commentator Robert Scoble said that the new feature would present a real challenge to Microsoft search engine Bing, which has been slowly chipping away at Google's lead in the search market.

    ‘Playing with it, it dramatically changes the way I do searches. I think it is a pretty major leap forward but this means that Bing becomes far less interesting and they now have to step up,’ said Mr. Scoble.

     Microsoft currently commands around 11% of the US search market compared to Google's 66%, according to research firm Comscore.

     Bing has gradually increased its market share since launch, although its growth has recently slowed.”

http://www.bbc.co.uk/newstechnology-11239037. 

By saying “We’ve actually been predicting what query you are likely to do and we’re giving you results for that”, Google’s vice-president means:

by Maggie Shiels

Technology reporter,

BBC News, Silicon Valley

    

    “Google has speeded up its internet search engine by launching a product called Instant that displays results as soon as users type in queries.

     The service predicts a user's query and modifies the displayed results as more letters are typed into the search box.

     The company described it as ‘search at the speed of thought’.

    Previously Google's suggested search terms and did not reveal results until the ‘enter’ key was hit or the ‘search’ button was clicked.

Google Instant goes live in the next week and on mobile devices by autumn.

     The service will initially be rolled out in the US, UK, Spain, Germany, France and Russia.

       Challenge to Microsoft?

     In a demo event held at San Francisco's Museum of Modern Art, Marissa Mayer, Google's vice-president of search products and user experience, typed in ‘sfm’ into the search box to demonstrate the new service.

    As she typed, results appeared instantly for ‘SF MOMA’ - the first predicted search result. In another demo, when the letter ‘w’ was entered, a list of links offering the ‘weather’ appeared along with images showing the temperature.

    ‘We've actually predicting what query you are likely to do and we're giving you results for that,’ said Ms Mayer.

       Google estimates that the typical user spends nine seconds entering a query and 15 seconds looking for answers.

        The company says Google Instant could shave between two and five seconds off a typical web search.

    ‘Google is betting all they have that speed is everything,’ Harry McCracken of technology blog Technologizer.com told the BBC.

     ‘Saving one or two seconds isn't that big of a deal. One of my instant thoughts is that I am going to see results I don't want because until I type enough that it knows what I want, it is going to show me links I am not interested in.’

     Technology commentator Robert Scoble said that the new feature would present a real challenge to Microsoft search engine Bing, which has been slowly chipping away at Google's lead in the search market.

    ‘Playing with it, it dramatically changes the way I do searches. I think it is a pretty major leap forward but this means that Bing becomes far less interesting and they now have to step up,’ said Mr. Scoble.

     Microsoft currently commands around 11% of the US search market compared to Google's 66%, according to research firm Comscore.

     Bing has gradually increased its market share since launch, although its growth has recently slowed.”

http://www.bbc.co.uk/newstechnology-11239037. 

Read the sentences below and judge them (T) TRUE or (F) FALSE:

I. Google Instant makes the queries faster.

II. With Google Instant query results will be revealed before the enter button is hit.

III. Search terms will not be suggested anymore.

IV. Mobile users will not have access until autumn.

V. Initially the service will not be available for the British people.