Prova de 2016: Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) — questões com gabarito

  Por que o senhor não escreve coisas poéticas, soltas, gostosas? As crônicas, antigamente, nos deixavam mais leves, de bem com a vida e o mundo. Agora, tudo o que a gente lê nos leva para baixo. Está difícil de suportar. Escrevo na manhã de um domingo. Sete horas. Aquele sol que nos tem castigado, começava a dar sinais de ardência profunda. Olhei pela porta de vidro do terraço e descobri, maravilhado e feliz, que a pitangueira plantada em vaso, que chegou há dois anos, estava repleta de frutos vermelhos, reluzentes, envernizados. Os primeiros. Fiquei admirado. Os pássaros não tinham descoberto? Aquelas frutinhas tinham se salvado? Chupei uma, duas três, queria todas, mas precisava guardar para a família, afinal, eram as primeiras. Pitanga, coisa de infância, do interior. Uma das frutas mais sofisticadas do Brasil, a meu ver. Antigamente, quando viajávamos pela Varig, ao sair do Recife, recebíamos um copo de suco fresco de pitanga, perfumado. Dia desses, Maria Eduarda, amiga pernambucana, me disse: “Você está chegando aqui, sabemos que gosta de vinhos. Que vinho prefere?”. E eu: “Nenhum! Quero suco de pitanga”. Maria Eduarda: “Pois vai tomar das pitangas do pomar de meu pai, Cornélio”. Foi uma celebração! 

  Esta é a pitada de poesia que encontrei neste momento. Mas ficaram em minha mente essas perguntas cotidianas que todos estão fazendo. Ouço no dia a dia, pela manhã ao comprar o pão e o leite, no supermercado, no bar, numa escola, na livraria, ao entrar no cinema. Ouvi agora, ao percorrer cinco cidades do litoral (...). Jovens e mais velhos, acreditando que o escritor tem as respostas, me olhavam: “O senhor acha que a gente sai dessa?”. Só consegui dizer: “Não sei e acho que ninguém sabe”. 

É preciso não perder de vista o quanto importava ao escritor _______________ cobrir com seus numerosos romances passado e presente, cidade e campo, litoral e sertão, e compor, assim, uma espécie de ________________ do Brasil.

Preenche-se de modo respectivo e adequado os espaços em branco com o que está em:

                     Poema tirado de uma notícia de jornal

         João Gostoso era carregador de feira livre e morava no morro da

                                                     [Babilônia num barracão sem número.

         Uma noite ele chegou no bar Vinte de Novembro

         Bebeu

         Cantou

         Dançou

         Depois se atirou na Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas e morreu afogado.

                                                            Manuel Bandeira. Libertinagem.  

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Mil dias após seu lançamento, em 19 de dezembro de 2013, o telescópio espacial europeu Gaia revelou nesta quarta-feira [14.09.2016] o resultado de suas buscas no espaço, observando a passagem de 60 milhões de estrelas por dia em nossa galáxia, que tem 100 mil anos-luz de diâmetro.

O resultado é o mapa 3D mais detalhado já produzido da Via Láctea, um catálogo de 1 bilhão de estrelas.

(Uol Notícias.http://bit.ly/2ev0ikx, 14.09.2016. Adaptado)

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Economists Reduce Outlook for Brazil Inflation – Survey

By Rogerio Jelmayer – Dow Jones Business News 

Shutterstock phot

   Economists reduced their inflation estimate in Brazil for this year and next year, according to the central bank’s weekly survey of 100 economists published Monday. Economists now expect inflation, as measured by the consumer-price index, to be 7.25% this year, compared with last week’s estimate of 7.34%, the survey showed.

     Economists estimate Brazil’s gross domestic product is likely to contract 3.14% this year, compared with an expected contraction of 3.15% in last week’s survey. Last year, Brazil’s economy contracted 3.80%, according to the country’s statistical bureau, IBGE. For 2017, economists reduced their view of GDP growth to 1.30% from 1.36%.

(www.nasdaq.com. 26.06.2016. Adaptado)

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Patience is needed for Brazil to come good again

Michael Hasenstab

Dr. Michael Hasenstab is executive

vice-president, portfolio manager

and chief investment officer of

Templeton Global Macro

    The Olympic Games in Rio drew global interest to Brazil, but the country and the rest of South America has been in sharp focus for investors all year. They have flocked to the region as part of a broader migration into emerging market debt, following record low valuations and the hunt for yield in a low interest rate environment. While investors have been presented with a rarely seen buying opportunity in emerging markets like South America, it is a mistake to regard these countries as a homogenous group.

    That leaves the challenge of working out which are the most attractive opportunities – some of our best known investments were not obvious choices.

    We have devised a formula to help us evaluate the fundamental strength of different emerging market countries. It scores a country’s current and projected strength on five factors: how well it has learnt the lessons from past crises; the quality of its policy mix; the structural reform being undertaken to boost productivity; the level of domestic demand; and its ability to resist external shocks. The aim is to pick nations that are fundamentally strong but, for one reason or another, are out of favour with investors. It can take time for the market to catch up to reality. But if you are a long-term investor – and we are certainly in that camp – you have the luxury of being able to wait.

    Brazil, for example, is known as a vulnerable market due to the commodities downturn, the ongoing corruption crisis and ensuing political turmoil, but our work suggests to us that it is poised for a potentially significant rebound in the long term. Its current score is low, but its projected future score tells a different story.

    We believe the country has learnt the lessons from the most recent crisis, which brought home the importance of having a sustainable fiscal policy. It has already adopted a flexible exchange rate, has strong foreign exchange reserves and has limited short-term debt. This is also reflected in the country’s improving resilience to external shocks, with a reliance on commodities, at 60 per cent of exports, being the largest remaining negative.

    It is perhaps no surprise, given Brazil’s deep recession and political instability, that there is much work required in terms of improving policy mix, making structural reforms and boosting domestic demand. However, there are signs things are being turned around, with monetary policy already being tightened aggressively to bring inflation expectations back under control, and the previously excessive levels of governmentsubsidised lending being cut. Once political stability returns, the government will be empowered to do even more.

    Work on structural reform should accelerate too, as Brazil’s middle class has made it clear it wants greater transparency and an economic policy framework that can both boost living standards and improve the environment for businesses.

(www.ft.com. 01.09.2016. Adaptado) 

Leia o texto para responder a questão. 

Patience is needed for Brazil to come good again

Michael Hasenstab

Dr. Michael Hasenstab is executive

vice-president, portfolio manager

and chief investment officer of

Templeton Global Macro

    The Olympic Games in Rio drew global interest to Brazil, but the country and the rest of South America has been in sharp focus for investors all year. They have flocked to the region as part of a broader migration into emerging market debt, following record low valuations and the hunt for yield in a low interest rate environment. While investors have been presented with a rarely seen buying opportunity in emerging markets like South America, it is a mistake to regard these countries as a homogenous group.

    That leaves the challenge of working out which are the most attractive opportunities – some of our best known investments were not obvious choices.

    We have devised a formula to help us evaluate the fundamental strength of different emerging market countries. It scores a country’s current and projected strength on five factors: how well it has learnt the lessons from past crises; the quality of its policy mix; the structural reform being undertaken to boost productivity; the level of domestic demand; and its ability to resist external shocks. The aim is to pick nations that are fundamentally strong but, for one reason or another, are out of favour with investors. It can take time for the market to catch up to reality. But if you are a long-term investor – and we are certainly in that camp – you have the luxury of being able to wait.

    Brazil, for example, is known as a vulnerable market due to the commodities downturn, the ongoing corruption crisis and ensuing political turmoil, but our work suggests to us that it is poised for a potentially significant rebound in the long term. Its current score is low, but its projected future score tells a different story.

    We believe the country has learnt the lessons from the most recent crisis, which brought home the importance of having a sustainable fiscal policy. It has already adopted a flexible exchange rate, has strong foreign exchange reserves and has limited short-term debt. This is also reflected in the country’s improving resilience to external shocks, with a reliance on commodities, at 60 per cent of exports, being the largest remaining negative.

    It is perhaps no surprise, given Brazil’s deep recession and political instability, that there is much work required in terms of improving policy mix, making structural reforms and boosting domestic demand. However, there are signs things are being turned around, with monetary policy already being tightened aggressively to bring inflation expectations back under control, and the previously excessive levels of governmentsubsidised lending being cut. Once political stability returns, the government will be empowered to do even more.

    Work on structural reform should accelerate too, as Brazil’s middle class has made it clear it wants greater transparency and an economic policy framework that can both boost living standards and improve the environment for businesses.

(www.ft.com. 01.09.2016. Adaptado) 

Leia o texto para responder a questão. 

Patience is needed for Brazil to come good again

Michael Hasenstab

Dr. Michael Hasenstab is executive

vice-president, portfolio manager

and chief investment officer of

Templeton Global Macro

    The Olympic Games in Rio drew global interest to Brazil, but the country and the rest of South America has been in sharp focus for investors all year. They have flocked to the region as part of a broader migration into emerging market debt, following record low valuations and the hunt for yield in a low interest rate environment. While investors have been presented with a rarely seen buying opportunity in emerging markets like South America, it is a mistake to regard these countries as a homogenous group.

    That leaves the challenge of working out which are the most attractive opportunities – some of our best known investments were not obvious choices.

    We have devised a formula to help us evaluate the fundamental strength of different emerging market countries. It scores a country’s current and projected strength on five factors: how well it has learnt the lessons from past crises; the quality of its policy mix; the structural reform being undertaken to boost productivity; the level of domestic demand; and its ability to resist external shocks. The aim is to pick nations that are fundamentally strong but, for one reason or another, are out of favour with investors. It can take time for the market to catch up to reality. But if you are a long-term investor – and we are certainly in that camp – you have the luxury of being able to wait.

    Brazil, for example, is known as a vulnerable market due to the commodities downturn, the ongoing corruption crisis and ensuing political turmoil, but our work suggests to us that it is poised for a potentially significant rebound in the long term. Its current score is low, but its projected future score tells a different story.

    We believe the country has learnt the lessons from the most recent crisis, which brought home the importance of having a sustainable fiscal policy. It has already adopted a flexible exchange rate, has strong foreign exchange reserves and has limited short-term debt. This is also reflected in the country’s improving resilience to external shocks, with a reliance on commodities, at 60 per cent of exports, being the largest remaining negative.

    It is perhaps no surprise, given Brazil’s deep recession and political instability, that there is much work required in terms of improving policy mix, making structural reforms and boosting domestic demand. However, there are signs things are being turned around, with monetary policy already being tightened aggressively to bring inflation expectations back under control, and the previously excessive levels of governmentsubsidised lending being cut. Once political stability returns, the government will be empowered to do even more.

    Work on structural reform should accelerate too, as Brazil’s middle class has made it clear it wants greater transparency and an economic policy framework that can both boost living standards and improve the environment for businesses.

(www.ft.com. 01.09.2016. Adaptado)