Questões do ENEM: Linguagens

Texto para a questão

Mário Quintana, As cem melhores crônicas brasileiras.  

*Glossário:

estremunhado: mal acordado.

chiru: que ou aquele que tem pele morena, traços acaboclados

(regionalismo: Sul do Brasil).  

Texto para a questão

Mário Quintana, As cem melhores crônicas brasileiras.  

*Glossário:

estremunhado: mal acordado.

chiru: que ou aquele que tem pele morena, traços acaboclados

(regionalismo: Sul do Brasil).  

         The perils of counterfeit drugs go way beyond being ripped off by dubious online pill-pushers. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 50 per cent of all medicines sold online are worthless counterfeits. In developing nations fake pills may account for as much as 30 per cent of all drugs on the market. Even in the developed world, 1 per cent of medicines bought over the counter are fakes.

        Some key events illustrate the risk these pose. In Nigeria, 2500 children died in 1995 after receiving fake meningitis vaccines. In Haiti, Bangladesh and Nigeria, around 400 people died in 1998 after being given paracetamol that had been prepared with diethylene glycol – a solvent used in wallpaper stripper. The fakers are nothing if not market-aware: in the face of an outbreak of H5N1 bird flu in 2005, they began offering fake Tamiflu.

         What can be done? The WHO coordinates an umbrella body called the International Medical Products Anti-Counterfeiting Taskforce (IMPACT), an industry initiative that issues alerts when it finds anomalies in the medicine supply chain. Such events include sudden drops in wholesale prices, hinting at fakes coming onto the market, or the mimicking of anti-counterfeiting features on packaging, such as holograms or barcodes, says Nimo Ahmed, head of intelligence at the UK’s Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency.

New Scientist, 10 July 2010, p. 18. Adaptado.

The Impact of the Gulf Oil Spill on the U.S.

www.freewebs.com/mathewstolte/oilspills.html. 21/06/2010

      Although the oil has been pouring into the Gulf of Mexico for months, the consequences of this larger than ever environmental disaster have yet to be fully examined and determined. Scientists and researchers have started to put together some of the puzzle pieces, and the impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill are likely to be big.

      North Americans will have fewer choices on the store shelves. The Gulf of Mexico is a huge shipping lane through which products of all shapes and sizes come into North America. From toys to clothes to cars to building materials, you may find that the selection at your local store begins to shrink as shipping lanes slow down as a result of the oil spill.

      Whether you’re taking a vacation or hoping to walk along the shore, you may be disappointed. Many beaches in the U.S.A. are now closing as clean-up efforts on removing oil slick from the sands. But the impact may be felt for quite some time as oil continues to wash up on shore.

      Many wildlife animals will be impacted by the oil spill. Oiled birds, otter, bald eagles, pelicans, turtles, fish, and dolphins are already washing up on shore, making the beach sights less than palatable for someone looking to see some pristine nature.

      Over time, molluscs like clams incorporate calcium into their shells throughout their lifetimes. But the heavy metals like nickel and vanadium from the petroleum industry and the resulting oil spill may be incorporated into the shells of these creatures. As other wildlife consumes these clams, they incorporate the toxins into their bodies, and on it goes as the heavy metals bio-accumulate in the food chain. This could have serious, long-term consequences for human health. 

      Environmentalists have been working on restoring the populations of oysters by reseeding certain reefs to boost their numbers. The Gulf of Mexico has been home-working on some of these projects, but with the massive oil spilling into that environment, the oysters could soon become tainted with chemicals, making them unsafe to eat.

      The Gulf of Mexico is also a nursery for species like shrimp that grow up in the estuaries. The oil that is taking over this natural environment will choke out the plants that make the estuaries so nutritious to shrimp. 

      According to the National Weather Service, a hurricane like Hurricane Katrina could have a devastating impact on New Orleans. Researchers expect 15 named storms to develop into 8 hurricanes, and with a well-placed hurricane, the oil could be pushed onto New Orleans shores, further impacting the already devastated region.

Adapted from http://www.thenewecologist.com (21/06/2010)

The Impact of the Gulf Oil Spill on the U.S.

www.freewebs.com/mathewstolte/oilspills.html. 21/06/2010

      Although the oil has been pouring into the Gulf of Mexico for months, the consequences of this larger than ever environmental disaster have yet to be fully examined and determined. Scientists and researchers have started to put together some of the puzzle pieces, and the impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill are likely to be big.

      North Americans will have fewer choices on the store shelves. The Gulf of Mexico is a huge shipping lane through which products of all shapes and sizes come into North America. From toys to clothes to cars to building materials, you may find that the selection at your local store begins to shrink as shipping lanes slow down as a result of the oil spill.

      Whether you’re taking a vacation or hoping to walk along the shore, you may be disappointed. Many beaches in the U.S.A. are now closing as clean-up efforts on removing oil slick from the sands. But the impact may be felt for quite some time as oil continues to wash up on shore.

      Many wildlife animals will be impacted by the oil spill. Oiled birds, otter, bald eagles, pelicans, turtles, fish, and dolphins are already washing up on shore, making the beach sights less than palatable for someone looking to see some pristine nature.

      Over time, molluscs like clams incorporate calcium into their shells throughout their lifetimes. But the heavy metals like nickel and vanadium from the petroleum industry and the resulting oil spill may be incorporated into the shells of these creatures. As other wildlife consumes these clams, they incorporate the toxins into their bodies, and on it goes as the heavy metals bio-accumulate in the food chain. This could have serious, long-term consequences for human health. 

      Environmentalists have been working on restoring the populations of oysters by reseeding certain reefs to boost their numbers. The Gulf of Mexico has been home-working on some of these projects, but with the massive oil spilling into that environment, the oysters could soon become tainted with chemicals, making them unsafe to eat.

      The Gulf of Mexico is also a nursery for species like shrimp that grow up in the estuaries. The oil that is taking over this natural environment will choke out the plants that make the estuaries so nutritious to shrimp. 

      According to the National Weather Service, a hurricane like Hurricane Katrina could have a devastating impact on New Orleans. Researchers expect 15 named storms to develop into 8 hurricanes, and with a well-placed hurricane, the oil could be pushed onto New Orleans shores, further impacting the already devastated region.

Adapted from http://www.thenewecologist.com (21/06/2010)

The Impact of the Gulf Oil Spill on the U.S.

www.freewebs.com/mathewstolte/oilspills.html. 21/06/2010

      Although the oil has been pouring into the Gulf of Mexico for months, the consequences of this larger than ever environmental disaster have yet to be fully examined and determined. Scientists and researchers have started to put together some of the puzzle pieces, and the impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill are likely to be big.

      North Americans will have fewer choices on the store shelves. The Gulf of Mexico is a huge shipping lane through which products of all shapes and sizes come into North America. From toys to clothes to cars to building materials, you may find that the selection at your local store begins to shrink as shipping lanes slow down as a result of the oil spill.

      Whether you’re taking a vacation or hoping to walk along the shore, you may be disappointed. Many beaches in the U.S.A. are now closing as clean-up efforts on removing oil slick from the sands. But the impact may be felt for quite some time as oil continues to wash up on shore.

      Many wildlife animals will be impacted by the oil spill. Oiled birds, otter, bald eagles, pelicans, turtles, fish, and dolphins are already washing up on shore, making the beach sights less than palatable for someone looking to see some pristine nature.

      Over time, molluscs like clams incorporate calcium into their shells throughout their lifetimes. But the heavy metals like nickel and vanadium from the petroleum industry and the resulting oil spill may be incorporated into the shells of these creatures. As other wildlife consumes these clams, they incorporate the toxins into their bodies, and on it goes as the heavy metals bio-accumulate in the food chain. This could have serious, long-term consequences for human health. 

      Environmentalists have been working on restoring the populations of oysters by reseeding certain reefs to boost their numbers. The Gulf of Mexico has been home-working on some of these projects, but with the massive oil spilling into that environment, the oysters could soon become tainted with chemicals, making them unsafe to eat.

      The Gulf of Mexico is also a nursery for species like shrimp that grow up in the estuaries. The oil that is taking over this natural environment will choke out the plants that make the estuaries so nutritious to shrimp. 

      According to the National Weather Service, a hurricane like Hurricane Katrina could have a devastating impact on New Orleans. Researchers expect 15 named storms to develop into 8 hurricanes, and with a well-placed hurricane, the oil could be pushed onto New Orleans shores, further impacting the already devastated region.

Adapted from http://www.thenewecologist.com (21/06/2010)

The Impact of the Gulf Oil Spill on the U.S.

www.freewebs.com/mathewstolte/oilspills.html. 21/06/2010

      Although the oil has been pouring into the Gulf of Mexico for months, the consequences of this larger than ever environmental disaster have yet to be fully examined and determined. Scientists and researchers have started to put together some of the puzzle pieces, and the impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill are likely to be big.

      North Americans will have fewer choices on the store shelves. The Gulf of Mexico is a huge shipping lane through which products of all shapes and sizes come into North America. From toys to clothes to cars to building materials, you may find that the selection at your local store begins to shrink as shipping lanes slow down as a result of the oil spill.

      Whether you’re taking a vacation or hoping to walk along the shore, you may be disappointed. Many beaches in the U.S.A. are now closing as clean-up efforts on removing oil slick from the sands. But the impact may be felt for quite some time as oil continues to wash up on shore.

      Many wildlife animals will be impacted by the oil spill. Oiled birds, otter, bald eagles, pelicans, turtles, fish, and dolphins are already washing up on shore, making the beach sights less than palatable for someone looking to see some pristine nature.

      Over time, molluscs like clams incorporate calcium into their shells throughout their lifetimes. But the heavy metals like nickel and vanadium from the petroleum industry and the resulting oil spill may be incorporated into the shells of these creatures. As other wildlife consumes these clams, they incorporate the toxins into their bodies, and on it goes as the heavy metals bio-accumulate in the food chain. This could have serious, long-term consequences for human health. 

      Environmentalists have been working on restoring the populations of oysters by reseeding certain reefs to boost their numbers. The Gulf of Mexico has been home-working on some of these projects, but with the massive oil spilling into that environment, the oysters could soon become tainted with chemicals, making them unsafe to eat.

      The Gulf of Mexico is also a nursery for species like shrimp that grow up in the estuaries. The oil that is taking over this natural environment will choke out the plants that make the estuaries so nutritious to shrimp. 

      According to the National Weather Service, a hurricane like Hurricane Katrina could have a devastating impact on New Orleans. Researchers expect 15 named storms to develop into 8 hurricanes, and with a well-placed hurricane, the oil could be pushed onto New Orleans shores, further impacting the already devastated region.

Adapted from http://www.thenewecologist.com (21/06/2010)

Leia a tira, abaixo, e a seguir responda à questão apresentada.

Para conferir um ‘toque’ de humor ao texto, acima, o autor explorou

TEXTO 1

Irás a divertir-te na floresta,         

  Sustentada, Marília, no meu braço,

Aqui descansarei a quente sesta  

         Dormindo um leve sono em teu regaço;

   Enquanto a luta jogam os pastores,

          e emparelhados correm nas campinas, 

 toucarei teus cabelos de boninas,

       nos troncos gravarei os teus louvores

 Graças, Marília bela,                     

  graças à minha estrela!                 

(Tomás Antônio Gonzaga)

TEXTO 2

UM SONETO PARA MARÍLIA

À maneira de Dirceu

  Eis que um dia na mata se banhava            

  Enquanto o deus as costas lhe voltava.       

  Cupido... e estava nu, inteiramente,             

  Pois que deixara à margem da corrente      

   O arco terrível e a repleta aljava.                   

Só aguardava ocasião... E, de repente      

  As armas furta sorrateiramente,                  

Surgem então as fauces escarninhas       

Dos silvanos e sátiros astutos.                  

     Põem-se a vaiar o Amor, sem mais cautelas

Marília que, às ocultas, o espreitava        

—Ah! Temíeis as frechas quando minhas!

     (E o deus sorri) Vereis agora, ó brutos,         

O que Marília há de fazer com elas!         

(MARIO QUINTANA)

A respeito dos dois textos, observe os seguintes comentários:

I. Quanto ao gênero literário, o TEXTO 1 revela, encoberto na cena descritiva, um lirismo confessional, através do qual o eu poético expressa o seu amor, sua paixão.

II. O TEXTO 2 se constitui como paráfrase do TEXTO I, ao reproduzir as mesmas ideias deste.

III. O TEXTO 2 mostra um locutor mais distanciado dos sentimentos e do confessionalismo amoroso; quanto ao gênero literário, este texto traz uma tendência dominante do gênero narrativo.

IV. O TEXTO 2 contém insinuações humorísticas e sensuais que ‘desconstroem’ o clima lírico e confessional, presente na cena do TEXTO 1.

V. O TEXTO 2 centraliza seu foco de atenção à personagem Marília, numa tentativa de recuperar o confessionalismo amoroso escamoteado no TEXTO 1

VI. O TEXTO 2 desconstrói e dessacraliza a cena e o sentimento amoroso do TEXTO 1, constituindo-se como paródia deste.

Está CORRETO o que se afirmou

LEIA os textos, abaixo, e faça o que se pede, a seguir.

TEXTO I

Marcuschi afirma que a “a oralidade continua na moda”, ou seja, a fala ainda exerce um papel preponderante em nossa sociedade e serve de registro de prática social e cultural dos falantes. Se a fala é adquirida de forma natural, a escrita é aprendida em contextos formais, normalmente, no ambiente escolar. Contudo, ao ensinar a norma culta, a escola coloca para escanteio os falares particulares dos alunos. Por falares particulares, entende-se a fala do dia-a-dia do aluno em seus mais variados ambientes: família, ruas, parques, fazendas, bares, conversas com os amigos etc. O ostensivo foco no português formal perpetua o domínio da escrita sobre a fala e gera o que Bagno define como “instrumento de poder e de controle”, segundo o qual o que não está na gramática normativa não é português. Além disso, o caráter social da linguagem é destacado por Mollica (2003). Segundo a autora, a sociedade avalia os padrões lingüísticos da fala e essa avaliação pode determinar a posição do falante na escala social. A norma culta está relacionada a pessoas com nível elevado de instrução (Oliveira,2004) e é interesse da elite mantê-la inacessível à população menos favorecida, uma vez que ela é a detentora do saber.

REVELLI - Revista de Educação, Linguagem e Literatura da UEG- v. 1, n. 1, março de 2009 - FALARES REGIONAIS EM CONTRASTE COM A GRAMÁTICA TRADICIONAL.

TEXTO II

Cuitelinho

  Cheguei na bera do porto        

Onde as onda se espaia.       

As garça dá meia volta,         

Senta na bera da praia.         

E o cuitelinho não gosta        

 Que o botão da rosa caia.       

   Quando eu vim da minha terra,

Despedi da parentaia.           

Eu entrei em Mato Grosso,   

 Dei em terras paraguaia.       

Lá tinha revolução,              

Enfrentei fortes bataia.        

A tua saudade corta            

 Como o aço de navaia.        

O coração fica aflito,           

 Bate uma e outra faia.         

E os oio se enche d´água  

Que até a vista se atrapaia

Folclore recolhido por Paulo Vanzolini e Antônio Xandó. BORTONI-RICARDO, S. M. Educação em língua materna. São Paulo:Parábola, 2004. 

O gato Garfield é estrela de uma das tirinhas mais famosas da história, sendo publicado em 2570 jornais de todo o mundo. Os outros personagens principais são Odie, um cão estúpido, e Jon Arbuckle, um cartunista, dono dos dois. Garfield é criação de Jim Davis.

A tira a seguir é a primeira de toda a série. Leia-a, com atenção.

Disponível em: blogdokayser.blogspot.com/liberdade-de-imprensa.html

Na sequência apresentada na tira, o autor utiliza a função metalinguística da linguagem para