Todas as questões do ENEM

Read the following interview to answer question.

ISSIE LAPOWSKY SCIENCE 05.24.16 6:50 AM

10 YEARS AFTER AN INCONVENIENT TRUTH,

AL GORE MAY ACTUALLY BE WINNING

    AL GORE SNEEZES a hefty achoo. “Excuse me,” the former vice president says, dabbing a tissue at his nose before offering up an explanation. “Spring.”

    Outside Gore’s New York City office, spring has certainly sprung—early too. This March was the hottest one ever, beating the prior record set in March 2015. The same goes for February and January of this year, and, oh, the eight consecutive months before. Gore knows these statistics by heart. The fact that you might know them too is likely because of him. These kinds of numbers— and the scary story they tell about the future of Earth—have been Gore’s chief motivation since he failed to win the presidency in 2000. Gore emerged from that weird, disputed election armed with what is now possibly the most famous slide¬show in human history. He has traveled the world delivering that deck to hundreds of people at a time, showing in irrefutable detail just how mind-bogglingly badly we have treated our planet and what we might be able to do about it.

    Ten years ago, the slide¬show became An Inconvenient Truth, the documentary that spread those ideas to millions. Gore says he still tinkers with the slide¬show every day, because, well, the numbers keep changing. Not always for the better. Yet this year Gore and his fellow activists have a rare reason to celebrate. In April, 175 world leaders gathered at the United Nations to sign the Paris Agreement, a global pact that aims to keep global temperatures from rising more than 2 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels. Now, a decade after his movie sounded the alarm about climate change and 16 years after he ran for president, it looks like Al Gore might finally be … winning?

    WIRED: Why did you want to make An Inconvenient Truth?

    GORE: I have to admit to you that initially I did not want to do a documentary.

    What? Why not?

   It’s a dumb reason. I didn’t think a slide¬show could translate into a movie. (…) Participant Media and Davis Guggenheim had to convince me it was a good idea, and I’m so glad they found ways to reveal to me the depths of my ignorance about moviemaking. It’s a message that has to be heard. Sorry to risk sounding grandiose, but the future of human civilization is at stake.

    The Paris Agreement must feel like a big point of progress.

    It really does. Sometimes in sports you can sense a palpable shift in the momentum of the contest. A team will be behind on the scoreboard, but the shift in momentum is so obvious and dramatic that you just have the feeling they’re going to win. That’s where we are in solving the climate crisis. We’re still behind on the scoreboard, but the momentum has shifted. We are winning.

    When renewable electricity becomes cheaper than electricity that comes from burning coal or gas, then that changes everything. The marketplace makes it the default option, and you get what you saw in the world in 2015—90 percent of the new electricity generated in the world last year was from renewables. That is an astonishing change. The Paris Agreement exceeded the upper range of my expectations. Does it go far enough? No, of course not. Can it be improved? Yes, it’s designed to be constantly improved, and that’s what I’m focused on now.

    You’ve been at this a long time. Was it lonely fighting for this stuff in government in the 1980s and 1990s?

    It was certainly a different time and a different environment. But I don’t ever remember feeling lonely, because I was always focused on reaching more and more people. Building a global grassroots movement is really the only way to solve this, because so many political systems have been captured by legacy industries. And that influence over policymaking has to be counterbalanced by a grassroots awareness.

    It’s sometimes tough for people to get climate change because they’re not seeing its effects every day—or at least they don’t realize they are. What have you seen that has stuck with you?

    In March, I went to Tacloban in the Philippines and talked with survivors there who endured the ravages of Super Typhoon Haiyan. When you see how their lives were utterly transformed and feel the painful losses they suffered, it certainly will stick with you. I conducted a training in Miami last fall during one of the highest high tides and saw fish from the ocean swimming in the streets in Miami Beach and Fort Lauderdale on a sunny day.

    You talk a lot about “winning” the fight against climate change. How do you define a win?

   Winning means avoiding catastrophic consequences that could utterly disrupt the future of human civilization. It means bending the curves downward so that the global warming pollution stops accumulating in the atmosphere and begins to reduce in volume. It means creating tens of millions of new jobs to retrofit buildings, to transform energy systems and install advanced batteries, to transform agriculture and forestry, and to make the solutions to the climate crisis the central organizing principle of our civilization.

Source: https://www.wired.com/2016/05/wired-al-gore-climate-change/ Access October 16, 2016. Adapted.

Sentados em volta de uma fogueira, assando mussarelas, duas amigas – Vega e Sirius – discutiam sobre a origem da energia irradiada pela combustão da madeira. Ao longo da conversa, as duas amigas fizeram as afirmativas abaixo. Classifique-as como verdadeiras (V) ou falsas (F).

Vega: A energia que está sendo liberada pela combustão foi obtida pela árvore por meio da luz solar.

Sirius: A energia que está armazenada nessa mussarela também é proveniente da luz solar.

A classificação correta é:

O quadro a seguir mostra algumas substâncias e seus respectivos pontos de ebulição:

Com base na estrutura e propriedades destas substâncias, assinale a alternativa correta.

First read the review below and then answer question.

REVIEW: ‘MULTITUDINOUS HEART,’ NEWLY TRANSLATED POETRY BY CARLOS DRUMMOND DE ANDRADE

Books of The Times

By Dwight Garner JULY 2, 2015

    Carlos Drummond de Andrade (1902-1987) is widely considered the greatest poet in the history of Brazil, a country where poets are taken seriously. One of his poems, “Canção Amiga” (“Friendly Song”), was once printed on the 50 cruzados bill.

    Mr. Drummond’s bald, equine, bespectacled visage appears on T-shirts and book bags in Brazil. Since 2002 there has been a statue of him on the Copacabana in Rio de Janeiro, his adopted hometown. This statue faces away from, not toward, the ocean. This was a witty decision (he was an inward poet) that annoys the unintelligentsia, who want him spun around.

    Now we have “Multitudinous Heart,” an expanded, reshuffled and welcome selection of Mr. Drummond’s verse. In new translations by Richard Zenith, we meet a sophisticated and cerebral poet who, true to this book’s title, speaks in many registers. He is by turns melancholy and ironic, sentimental and self-deprecating, remote and boyish.

    His wealthy father owned ranches in the mountainous state of Minas Gerais, and the poet was the fifth of six children to reach adulthood. He was used to hubbub. Large family meals are recalled, and there is a constant sense of a raucous daily grind: “Weddings, mortgages,/the cousins with TB,/ the crazy aunt.”

    Yet the poems more often contain a measured sense of solitude. Mr. Drummond studied to become a pharmacist but worked most of his life as a civil servant in the Ministry of Education.

    He was said to be anything but gregarious; he was never a “smiling public man,” in Yeats’s locution. He was animated on the inside. One of his favorite words was “twisted.” He thought we humans were mostly impertinent and odd.

    He felt wizened before his time. In a 1945 poem, he speaks of “the old man in me./He began to harass me in childhood.” In a 1951 poem, “The Table,” he writes:

A bunch of louts in our fifties,

balding, used up, burned out,

yet in our chests we preserve

intact that boyish candor,

that scampering into the woods,

that craving for things forbidden.

    Mr. Drummond is worth encountering on the page. You probably need this volume and the earlier one, alas, to glimpse him in full. In a satirical 1945 poem titled “In Search of Poetry,” he offered this advice for the apprentice poet:

    Don’t dramatize, don’t invoke,

don’t inquire. Don’t waste time lying.

Don’t get cross.

Your ivory yacht, your diamond shoe,

your mazurkas and superstitions, your family skeletons

all vanish in the curve of time, they’re worthless.

    Ha. The good news about “Multitudinous Heart” is that it proves Mr. Drummond didn’t believe a word of that hooey.

Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/03/books/review-multitudinous-heart-newly-translated- -poetry-by-carlos-drummond-de-andrade.html Access October 15, 2016. Adapted.

O Brasil, a partir da década de 1990, inicia uma política de incentivos para que os carros passassem a utilizar o gás natural como fonte alternativa para os combustíveis como a gasolina e o álcool em virtude do baixo preço ocasionado pelo excedente de produção. Atualmente, aumentos sucessivos realizados pelo país fornecedor, resultaram no encarecimento e escassez desse gás aos consumidores.

Nesse contexto, constata-se que o país fornecedor é a ______________________, cuja produção é transportada por meio do _________________________.

As palavras que completam corretamente essas lacunas são, respectivamente,

DE MARIA, W. Campo relampejante, 1977.

Disponível em: www.ballardian.com. Acesso em: 12 jun. 2018.

Na obra Campo relampejante (1977), o artista Walter de Maria coloca hastes de ferro em espaços regulares, em um campo de 1600 metros quadrados no Novo México. O trabalho faz parte do movimento artístico Land Art, que trata da

First read the review below and then answer question.

REVIEW: ‘MULTITUDINOUS HEART,’ NEWLY TRANSLATED POETRY BY CARLOS DRUMMOND DE ANDRADE

Books of The Times

By Dwight Garner JULY 2, 2015

    Carlos Drummond de Andrade (1902-1987) is widely considered the greatest poet in the history of Brazil, a country where poets are taken seriously. One of his poems, “Canção Amiga” (“Friendly Song”), was once printed on the 50 cruzados bill.

    Mr. Drummond’s bald, equine, bespectacled visage appears on T-shirts and book bags in Brazil. Since 2002 there has been a statue of him on the Copacabana in Rio de Janeiro, his adopted hometown. This statue faces away from, not toward, the ocean. This was a witty decision (he was an inward poet) that annoys the unintelligentsia, who want him spun around.

    Now we have “Multitudinous Heart,” an expanded, reshuffled and welcome selection of Mr. Drummond’s verse. In new translations by Richard Zenith, we meet a sophisticated and cerebral poet who, true to this book’s title, speaks in many registers. He is by turns melancholy and ironic, sentimental and self-deprecating, remote and boyish.

    His wealthy father owned ranches in the mountainous state of Minas Gerais, and the poet was the fifth of six children to reach adulthood. He was used to hubbub. Large family meals are recalled, and there is a constant sense of a raucous daily grind: “Weddings, mortgages,/the cousins with TB,/ the crazy aunt.”

    Yet the poems more often contain a measured sense of solitude. Mr. Drummond studied to become a pharmacist but worked most of his life as a civil servant in the Ministry of Education.

    He was said to be anything but gregarious; he was never a “smiling public man,” in Yeats’s locution. He was animated on the inside. One of his favorite words was “twisted.” He thought we humans were mostly impertinent and odd.

    He felt wizened before his time. In a 1945 poem, he speaks of “the old man in me./He began to harass me in childhood.” In a 1951 poem, “The Table,” he writes:

A bunch of louts in our fifties,

balding, used up, burned out,

yet in our chests we preserve

intact that boyish candor,

that scampering into the woods,

that craving for things forbidden.

    Mr. Drummond is worth encountering on the page. You probably need this volume and the earlier one, alas, to glimpse him in full. In a satirical 1945 poem titled “In Search of Poetry,” he offered this advice for the apprentice poet:

    Don’t dramatize, don’t invoke,

don’t inquire. Don’t waste time lying.

Don’t get cross.

Your ivory yacht, your diamond shoe,

your mazurkas and superstitions, your family skeletons

all vanish in the curve of time, they’re worthless.

    Ha. The good news about “Multitudinous Heart” is that it proves Mr. Drummond didn’t believe a word of that hooey.

Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/03/books/review-multitudinous-heart-newly-translated- -poetry-by-carlos-drummond-de-andrade.html Access October 15, 2016. Adapted.

Projeções de Crescimento do Produto Interno Bruto - PIB ( 2025 – 2050)

É conhecido como Bric o conjunto de países que, nas próximas décadas, deverá ter Produto Interno Bruto – PIB superior à maioria dos que hoje são líderes mundiais.

Esses países são o Brasil,

Leia o TEXTO para responder à questão.

NAPOLITANO, Marcos. História do Brasil república: da queda da Monarquia ao fim do Estado Novo. São Paulo: Contexto, 2016. p. 159.

Durante o Estado Novo, a propaganda do governo enfatizou a relação de Vargas com os trabalhadores, com especial atenção para o Dia do Trabalho, que era uma festa oficial pública e de massa, reunindo milhares de operários em torno das autoridades do Estado Novo. A cada solenidade, Vargas procurava anunciar uma nova medida, como a Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, anunciada no Dia do Trabalho de 1943. Dentre as práticas varguistas no período em questão, as que podem ser corretamente associadas ao TEXTO são o

Como o preconceito contribui para o aumento da epidemia de aids

Apesar dos avanços da medicina, a mentalidade em relação à aids e ao HIV continua na década de 1980.

O último Boletim Epidemiológico do Ministério da Saúde, de 2016, mostrou que os casos de HIV entre os jovens no Brasil aumentaram consideravelmente. O problema avançou: das 32 321 novas infecções por HIV registradas em 2015, 24,8% aconteceram com pessoas entre 15 e 24 anos.

Muitos apontam como causa o fato de que os adolescentes não conviveram com o auge da epidemia. Mas, para os especialistas, a questão é bem mais complexa. “Continuamos com essa visão hipócrita de que falar sobre sexo incita os mais jovens, e não damos ferramentas para que eles tomem decisões mais seguras em relação à sexualidade”, afirma Georgiana Braga-Orillard, diretora do Unaids, programa conjunto da ONU sobre HIV e aids, que tem como meta acabar com a epidemia até 2030.

A questão do preconceito não pode ser separada de uma síndrome estigmatizante como a aids. Leis como a que garante o tratamento gratuito pelo SUS e a que penaliza atos de discriminação ajudam, mas não são suficientes para mudar a mentalidade da sociedade, que ainda enxerga quem vive com o vírus como um “merecedor”. Além disso, o acesso à saúde e à orientação não é igual para todos.

Disponível em: http://revistaplaneta.terra.com.br. Acesso em: 2 set. 2017 (adaptado).

Essa reportagem discute o preconceito de não se falar abertamente sobre sexo com os mais jovens como um fator responsável pelo avanço do número de casos de aids no Brasil. A estratégia usada pelo repórter para tentar desconstruir esse preconceito é

Em Franca, emprego em alta nos calçados

Na contramão de outras cidades que têm no calçado o principal eixo da economia, Franca (SP) viu crescer o número de empregos em 2012. Os dados revelam que o Rio Grande do Sul teve um decréscimo de 4,8%, enquanto o Ceará apresentou declínio de 2% e a Bahia de 10,5%. Em Franca o crescimento do nível de emprego gira na ordem de 4%. Empresários do setor garantem que se não fossem as vendas internas seria impossível aumentar os empregos, já que as exportações caíram 15% em setembro de 2012. O presidente do Sindicato da Indústria de Calçados de Franca diz que a alta do imposto de importação dos sapatos chineses ajudou um pouco a indústria nacional, mas que é preciso mais. A alegação é que os países asiáticos estariam enviando partes dos sapatos para montagem no Brasil, livrando-se da alíquota de importação para o sapato completo.

Para lidar com a concorrência das importações asiáticas, a indústria brasileira de calçados tem empreendido ações com o objetivo de