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58.062 questões encontradas. Mostrando a página 1984 de 2904.

  • 5E9427F4-B2

    História

    Construção do Estado Liberal: Revolução Francesa
    FATEC · 2014MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Imagem da questão de História, FATEC 2014, Construção do Estado Liberal: Revolução Francesa

    (http://tinyurl.com/manifestante-da-depressao Acesso em: 08.01.2014. Original colorido)


    Durante as manifestações populares de junho de 2013 no Brasil, circulou pelas redes sociais esta imagem.


    Analisando essa sátira sobre um evento importante da Revolução Francesa, é correto afirmar que a imagem se refere

    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 5e9427f4-b2
  • 5E81F5CD-B2

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    FATEC · 2014MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Learning to Speak Brazinglish

    By VANESSA BARBARA

    Published: November 8, 2013


    Brazilians are trying hard to get ready to host the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

         Despite having a big territory rich with natural scenery, Brazil is not accustomed to many international visitors. The World Tourism Organization, which ranks tourist spending in different countries, puts it 39th on the list, behind much smaller countries like Lebanon, Croatia and Malaysia. Next year, the government expects tourism spending in Brazil to grow by 55 percent, thanks largely to the World Cup. But as that time draws near, the general feeling among my compatriots is one of disbelief (...). The prevailing feeling is captured by the expression “Imagina na Copa ...” — Imagine during the Cup — spoken every time we see a 112-mile-long traffic jam, an overcrowded airport or the rising prices of hotels and flights. If things are already bad, imagine what they’ll be like during the World Cup.

         Such pre-tournament pessimism is common. Last year the British were skeptical about the Olympics, which turned out to be O.K. (...)

        And yet Brazilians are doing what we can to welcome tourists. (...)


    (http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/09/opinion/barbara-learning-to-speak brazinglish.html pagewanted=1&_r=0 Acesso em: 13.02.2014. Adaptado)


    O texto afirma que o Brasil

    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 5e81f5cd-b2
  • 5E7EFDDD-B2

    Física

    Dinâmica
    FATEC · 2014MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    Cada vez mais tem-se discutido o uso racional e sustentável dos recursos naturais. Devido a isso, várias obras vêm sendo realizadas atualmente, adotando soluções sustentáveis. Entre essas obras estão alguns dos novos estádios construídos para a Copa do Mundo de 2014.

    Em alguns desses estádios, duas soluções chamam a atenção: uma, é a captação de águas pluviais por dispositivos que são instalados em suas coberturas e se conectam com o local de armazenamento no subterrâneo. Essa solução permite que as águas coletadas, após um tratamento químico, sejam reutilizadas em sistemas de irrigação e limpeza. A outra solução, também instalada na cobertura, conta com células fotovoltaicas que poderão gerar energia suficiente, inclusive, para abastecer milhares de casas em seus arredores.

    Podemos afirmar que, em pelo menos uma das soluções sustentáveis instaladas em alguns desses estádios citados no texto, haverá conversão de energia
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 5e7efddd-b2
  • 5E7C266B-B2

    Biologia

    Drogas
    FATEC · 2014MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    Em grandes eventos esportivos, como a Copa do Mundo de 2014, são realizados testes anti-doping nos atletas, em busca de substâncias estimulantes, como as anfetaminas, utilizadas para melhorar o desempenho de forma artificial. Essas substâncias são, em geral, ingeridas por via oral ou então injetadas diretamente na corrente sanguínea do indivíduo. O modo mais comum de detectá-las é por meio do exame da urina ou do sangue dos atletas.

    Considerando as duas formas de utilização dessas substâncias dopantes, o exame de urina pode ser um método eficiente na detecção
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 5e7c266b-b2
  • 5E792806-B2

    Química

    Glicídios, Lipídios, Aminoácidos e Proteínas.
    FATEC · 2014FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    Assim como qualquer atleta, um jogador de futebol deve tomar muitos cuidados em relação à sua dieta e hábitos alimentares, pois o que ele ingere no dia a dia fará grande diferença para o rendimento nos treinos, para a recuperação do corpo e nos dias de jogo.

    Se o jogador não se organizar em relação à sua dieta e suplementação, poderá perder força, rendimento e velocidade dentro do campo.

    Uma alimentação balanceada deve apresentar alguns itens, como:

    I. Carboidratos
    II. Proteínas
    III. Gorduras
    IV. Vitaminas e Minerais

    (http://www.anutricionista.com/como-deve-ser-o-cardapio-de-um-jogador-de-futebol.html Acesso em: 14.02.2014. Adaptado)

    Considerando os quatro itens mencionados no texto, assinale a alternativa que exemplifica cada um deles, respectivamente.


    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 5e792806-b2
  • 5E7669D0-B2

    Português

    Interpretação de Textos
    FATEC · 2014FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    Governo e Fifa apresentam medidas de saúde para a Copa do Mundo

    SÃO PAULO – [...] O governo federal e a Fifa apresentaram, neste sábado, em São Paulo, medidas relativas à área da saúde visando à Copa do Mundo de 2014. Entre as novidades apresentadas, uma mochila contendo um desfibrilador, que deve prevenir a morte súbita cardíaca em jogos de futebol.
    Avaliado em 20 mil reais, esse equipamento foi distribuído para todos os países participantes da Copa de 2014. A expectativa da entidade é de que esse aparelho fique como um legado dessa competição. Todas as atividades ligadas à Copa, como jogos e treinos, terão a presença desses desfibriladores.
    Outra novidade é uma campanha de comunicação aos visitantes, por meio de folhetos, chamados de Saúde do Viajante, elaborados em português, espanhol, inglês e francês. Além disso, em maio, será lançado um aplicativo para celulares denominado Saúde na Copa 2014. Ele trará informações, tais como, as principais doenças da região, indicará o hospital mais próximo e dará outras dicas de saúde.
    Com relação ao risco à saúde dos atletas, por conta dos jogos sob sol forte, o diretor médico da Fifa afirmou que, nas sete partidas no horário de risco (13h), a equipe médica vai avaliar se é necessária a parada técnica [...].

    (http://tinyurl.com/estadao-governo-fifa Acesso em: 20.03.14. Adaptado)


    De acordo com as informações do texto, é correto afirmar que, na Copa do Mundo de 2014,
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 5e7669d0-b2
  • 5E73932B-B2

    Matemática

    Análise Combinatória em Matemática
    FATEC · 2014MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    O sorteio dos grupos das seleções de futebol para a Copa do Mundo de 2014 determinou a seguinte formação para os dois primeiros grupos:

       Grupo A        Grupo B
           Brasil         Austrália
        Camarões       Chile
           Croácia      Espanha
            México      Holanda


    Pelas regras da competição, na fase de grupos, as seleções de um mesmo grupo jogam entre si. Assim, fica estabelecido o posicionamento dentro do grupo do 1º ao 4º colocado. Na fase seguinte, denominada oitavas-de-final, o 1º colocado do grupo A enfrenta o 2º colocado do grupo B e o 2º colocado do grupo A enfrenta o 1º colocado do grupo B.

    Com base nessas informações e admitindo-se que todas as seleções tenham a mesma chance de vencer, a probabilidade, antes do início dos jogos, de o Brasil enfrentar a Holanda nas oitavas-de-final é
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 5e73932b-b2
  • 5E700CAE-B2

    Matemática

    Circunferências e Círculos
    FATEC · 2014FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    Brazuca, a bola oficial da Copa do Mundo de 2014, quando completamente cheia, pode ser considerada perfeitamente esférica e possui circunferência máxima de 68 cm.

    Nessas condições, podemos afirmar corretamente que a medida do raio da Brazuca mais se aproxima, em centímetros, de
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 5e700cae-b2
  • 5E6CB86E-B2

    Geografia

    Cartografia
    FATEC · 2014FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    No último dia 12 de junho, a seleção brasileira de futebol jogou contra a Croácia, na cidade de São Paulo, em partida inaugural da Copa do Mundo de 2014. A próxima partida da seleção brasileira está prevista para o dia 17 de junho, em Fortaleza, no Ceará.

    Num mapa, na escala de 1 : 25 000 000, a distância aproximada (em linha reta) entre São Paulo e Fortaleza é de 10 cm.

    Um torcedor da seleção brasileira, que assistiu à partida do Brasil em São Paulo, pretende também assistir ao outro jogo dessa equipe em Fortaleza. A distância, em linha reta, que ele terá de percorrer entre as cidades de São Paulo e Fortaleza será, em quilômetros, de
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 5e6cb86e-b2
  • 5E6739DA-B2

    História

    História do Brasil
    FATEC · 2014FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos
    A escritora Zélia Gattai, em seu livro “Chão de meninos”, narra que acompanhou a visita dos filósofos franceses Simone de Beauvoir e Jean-Paul Sartre ao Brasil, em 1960. Segundo a escritora, naquela época, ainda havia fotos da seleção de futebol vitoriosa na Copa do Mundo de 1958 espalhadas nas casas, nos botequins e restaurantes por onde os visitantes passaram. Sinal de orgulho para os brasileiros!

    Naquele momento, afirma Gattai: “vivíamos a euforia da vitória, que coroava o clima de entusiasmo e de otimismo criado pelas realizações do governo democrático e progressista de Kubitschek”.

    Refletindo sobre as informações apresentadas, é correto concluir que o governo mencionado
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 5e6739da-b2
  • 6CEAD710-B1

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    UNIFESP · 2014FácilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Leia o texto para responder a questão.


    The Rise of Antibiotic Resistance 

    By The Editorial Board

    May 10, 2014


        The World Health Organization has surveyed the growth of antibiotic-resistant germs around the world – the first such survey it has ever conducted – and come up with disturbing findings. In a report issued late last month, the organization found that antimicrobial resistance in bacteria (the main focus of the report), fungi, viruses and parasites is an increasingly serious threat in every part of the world. “A problem so serious that it threatens the achievements of modern medicine,” the organization said. “A post-antibiotic era, in which common infections and minor injuries can kill, far from being an apocalyptic fantasy, is instead a very real possibility for the 21st century.” 

        The growth of antibiotic-resistant pathogens means that in ever more cases, standard treatments no longer work, infections are harder or impossible to control, the risk of spreading infections to others is increased, and illnesses and hospital stays are prolonged. All of these drive up the costs of illnesses and the risk of death. The survey sought to determine the scope of the problem by asking countries to submit their most recent surveillance data (114 did so). Unfortunately, the data was glaringly incomplete because few countries track and monitor antibiotic resistance comprehensively, and there is no standard methodology for doing so.

        Still, it is clear that major resistance problems have already developed, both for antibiotics that are used routinely and for those deemed “last resort” treatments to cure people when all else has failed. Carbapenem antibiotics, a class of drugs used as a last resort to treat life-threatening infections caused by a common intestinal bacterium, have failed to work in more than half the people treated in some countries. The bacterium is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and infections in newborns and intensive-care patients. Similarly, the failure of a last-resort treatment for gonorrhoea has been confirmed in 10 countries, including many with advanced health care systems, such as Australia, Canada, France, Sweden and Britain. And resistance to a class of antibiotics that is routinely used to treat urinary tract infections caused by E. coli is widespread; in some countries the drugs are now ineffective in more than half of the patients treated. This sobering report is intended to kick-start a global campaign to develop tools and standards to track drug resistance, measure its health and economic impact, and design solutions.

       The most urgent need is to minimize the overuse of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture, which accelerates the development of resistant strains. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued voluntary guidelines calling on drug companies, animal producers and veterinarians to stop indiscriminately using antibiotics that are important for treating humans on livestock; the drug companies have said they will comply. But the agency, shortsightedly, has appealed a court order requiring it to ban the use of penicillin and two forms of tetracycline by animal producers to promote growth unless they provide proof that it will not promote drug-resistant microbes.

       The pharmaceutical industry needs to be encouraged to develop new antibiotics to supplement those that are losing their effectiveness. The Royal Pharmaceutical Society, which represents pharmacists in Britain, called this month for stronger financial incentives. It said that no new class of antibiotics has been discovered since 1987, largely because the financial returns for finding new classes of antibiotics are too low. Unlike lucrative drugs to treat chronic diseases like cancer and cardiovascular ailments, antibiotics are typically taken for a short period of time, and any new drug is apt to be used sparingly and held in reserve to treat patients resistant to existing drugs. Antibiotics have transformed medicine and saved countless lives over the past seven decades. Now, rampant overuse and the lack of new drugs in the pipeline threaten to undermine their effectiveness.

    (www.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)

    Segundo o último parágrafo do texto
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 6cead710-b1
  • 6CE71D28-B1

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    UNIFESP · 2014MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Leia o texto para responder a questão.


    The Rise of Antibiotic Resistance 

    By The Editorial Board

    May 10, 2014


        The World Health Organization has surveyed the growth of antibiotic-resistant germs around the world – the first such survey it has ever conducted – and come up with disturbing findings. In a report issued late last month, the organization found that antimicrobial resistance in bacteria (the main focus of the report), fungi, viruses and parasites is an increasingly serious threat in every part of the world. “A problem so serious that it threatens the achievements of modern medicine,” the organization said. “A post-antibiotic era, in which common infections and minor injuries can kill, far from being an apocalyptic fantasy, is instead a very real possibility for the 21st century.” 

        The growth of antibiotic-resistant pathogens means that in ever more cases, standard treatments no longer work, infections are harder or impossible to control, the risk of spreading infections to others is increased, and illnesses and hospital stays are prolonged. All of these drive up the costs of illnesses and the risk of death. The survey sought to determine the scope of the problem by asking countries to submit their most recent surveillance data (114 did so). Unfortunately, the data was glaringly incomplete because few countries track and monitor antibiotic resistance comprehensively, and there is no standard methodology for doing so.

        Still, it is clear that major resistance problems have already developed, both for antibiotics that are used routinely and for those deemed “last resort” treatments to cure people when all else has failed. Carbapenem antibiotics, a class of drugs used as a last resort to treat life-threatening infections caused by a common intestinal bacterium, have failed to work in more than half the people treated in some countries. The bacterium is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and infections in newborns and intensive-care patients. Similarly, the failure of a last-resort treatment for gonorrhoea has been confirmed in 10 countries, including many with advanced health care systems, such as Australia, Canada, France, Sweden and Britain. And resistance to a class of antibiotics that is routinely used to treat urinary tract infections caused by E. coli is widespread; in some countries the drugs are now ineffective in more than half of the patients treated. This sobering report is intended to kick-start a global campaign to develop tools and standards to track drug resistance, measure its health and economic impact, and design solutions.

       The most urgent need is to minimize the overuse of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture, which accelerates the development of resistant strains. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued voluntary guidelines calling on drug companies, animal producers and veterinarians to stop indiscriminately using antibiotics that are important for treating humans on livestock; the drug companies have said they will comply. But the agency, shortsightedly, has appealed a court order requiring it to ban the use of penicillin and two forms of tetracycline by animal producers to promote growth unless they provide proof that it will not promote drug-resistant microbes.

       The pharmaceutical industry needs to be encouraged to develop new antibiotics to supplement those that are losing their effectiveness. The Royal Pharmaceutical Society, which represents pharmacists in Britain, called this month for stronger financial incentives. It said that no new class of antibiotics has been discovered since 1987, largely because the financial returns for finding new classes of antibiotics are too low. Unlike lucrative drugs to treat chronic diseases like cancer and cardiovascular ailments, antibiotics are typically taken for a short period of time, and any new drug is apt to be used sparingly and held in reserve to treat patients resistant to existing drugs. Antibiotics have transformed medicine and saved countless lives over the past seven decades. Now, rampant overuse and the lack of new drugs in the pipeline threaten to undermine their effectiveness.

    (www.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)

    Segundo o texto, a Royal Pharmaceutical Society do Reino Unido afirma que
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 6ce71d28-b1
  • 6CE1DFDB-B1

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    UNIFESP · 2014DifícilEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Leia o texto para responder a questão.


    The Rise of Antibiotic Resistance 

    By The Editorial Board

    May 10, 2014


        The World Health Organization has surveyed the growth of antibiotic-resistant germs around the world – the first such survey it has ever conducted – and come up with disturbing findings. In a report issued late last month, the organization found that antimicrobial resistance in bacteria (the main focus of the report), fungi, viruses and parasites is an increasingly serious threat in every part of the world. “A problem so serious that it threatens the achievements of modern medicine,” the organization said. “A post-antibiotic era, in which common infections and minor injuries can kill, far from being an apocalyptic fantasy, is instead a very real possibility for the 21st century.” 

        The growth of antibiotic-resistant pathogens means that in ever more cases, standard treatments no longer work, infections are harder or impossible to control, the risk of spreading infections to others is increased, and illnesses and hospital stays are prolonged. All of these drive up the costs of illnesses and the risk of death. The survey sought to determine the scope of the problem by asking countries to submit their most recent surveillance data (114 did so). Unfortunately, the data was glaringly incomplete because few countries track and monitor antibiotic resistance comprehensively, and there is no standard methodology for doing so.

        Still, it is clear that major resistance problems have already developed, both for antibiotics that are used routinely and for those deemed “last resort” treatments to cure people when all else has failed. Carbapenem antibiotics, a class of drugs used as a last resort to treat life-threatening infections caused by a common intestinal bacterium, have failed to work in more than half the people treated in some countries. The bacterium is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and infections in newborns and intensive-care patients. Similarly, the failure of a last-resort treatment for gonorrhoea has been confirmed in 10 countries, including many with advanced health care systems, such as Australia, Canada, France, Sweden and Britain. And resistance to a class of antibiotics that is routinely used to treat urinary tract infections caused by E. coli is widespread; in some countries the drugs are now ineffective in more than half of the patients treated. This sobering report is intended to kick-start a global campaign to develop tools and standards to track drug resistance, measure its health and economic impact, and design solutions.

       The most urgent need is to minimize the overuse of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture, which accelerates the development of resistant strains. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued voluntary guidelines calling on drug companies, animal producers and veterinarians to stop indiscriminately using antibiotics that are important for treating humans on livestock; the drug companies have said they will comply. But the agency, shortsightedly, has appealed a court order requiring it to ban the use of penicillin and two forms of tetracycline by animal producers to promote growth unless they provide proof that it will not promote drug-resistant microbes.

       The pharmaceutical industry needs to be encouraged to develop new antibiotics to supplement those that are losing their effectiveness. The Royal Pharmaceutical Society, which represents pharmacists in Britain, called this month for stronger financial incentives. It said that no new class of antibiotics has been discovered since 1987, largely because the financial returns for finding new classes of antibiotics are too low. Unlike lucrative drugs to treat chronic diseases like cancer and cardiovascular ailments, antibiotics are typically taken for a short period of time, and any new drug is apt to be used sparingly and held in reserve to treat patients resistant to existing drugs. Antibiotics have transformed medicine and saved countless lives over the past seven decades. Now, rampant overuse and the lack of new drugs in the pipeline threaten to undermine their effectiveness.

    (www.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)

    No trecho do quarto parágrafo “has appealed a court order requiring it to ban the use of penicillin”, o termo em destaque se refere a
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 6ce1dfdb-b1
  • 6CDDA6F1-B1

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    UNIFESP · 2014MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Leia o texto para responder a questão.


    The Rise of Antibiotic Resistance 

    By The Editorial Board

    May 10, 2014


        The World Health Organization has surveyed the growth of antibiotic-resistant germs around the world – the first such survey it has ever conducted – and come up with disturbing findings. In a report issued late last month, the organization found that antimicrobial resistance in bacteria (the main focus of the report), fungi, viruses and parasites is an increasingly serious threat in every part of the world. “A problem so serious that it threatens the achievements of modern medicine,” the organization said. “A post-antibiotic era, in which common infections and minor injuries can kill, far from being an apocalyptic fantasy, is instead a very real possibility for the 21st century.” 

        The growth of antibiotic-resistant pathogens means that in ever more cases, standard treatments no longer work, infections are harder or impossible to control, the risk of spreading infections to others is increased, and illnesses and hospital stays are prolonged. All of these drive up the costs of illnesses and the risk of death. The survey sought to determine the scope of the problem by asking countries to submit their most recent surveillance data (114 did so). Unfortunately, the data was glaringly incomplete because few countries track and monitor antibiotic resistance comprehensively, and there is no standard methodology for doing so.

        Still, it is clear that major resistance problems have already developed, both for antibiotics that are used routinely and for those deemed “last resort” treatments to cure people when all else has failed. Carbapenem antibiotics, a class of drugs used as a last resort to treat life-threatening infections caused by a common intestinal bacterium, have failed to work in more than half the people treated in some countries. The bacterium is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and infections in newborns and intensive-care patients. Similarly, the failure of a last-resort treatment for gonorrhoea has been confirmed in 10 countries, including many with advanced health care systems, such as Australia, Canada, France, Sweden and Britain. And resistance to a class of antibiotics that is routinely used to treat urinary tract infections caused by E. coli is widespread; in some countries the drugs are now ineffective in more than half of the patients treated. This sobering report is intended to kick-start a global campaign to develop tools and standards to track drug resistance, measure its health and economic impact, and design solutions.

       The most urgent need is to minimize the overuse of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture, which accelerates the development of resistant strains. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued voluntary guidelines calling on drug companies, animal producers and veterinarians to stop indiscriminately using antibiotics that are important for treating humans on livestock; the drug companies have said they will comply. But the agency, shortsightedly, has appealed a court order requiring it to ban the use of penicillin and two forms of tetracycline by animal producers to promote growth unless they provide proof that it will not promote drug-resistant microbes.

       The pharmaceutical industry needs to be encouraged to develop new antibiotics to supplement those that are losing their effectiveness. The Royal Pharmaceutical Society, which represents pharmacists in Britain, called this month for stronger financial incentives. It said that no new class of antibiotics has been discovered since 1987, largely because the financial returns for finding new classes of antibiotics are too low. Unlike lucrative drugs to treat chronic diseases like cancer and cardiovascular ailments, antibiotics are typically taken for a short period of time, and any new drug is apt to be used sparingly and held in reserve to treat patients resistant to existing drugs. Antibiotics have transformed medicine and saved countless lives over the past seven decades. Now, rampant overuse and the lack of new drugs in the pipeline threaten to undermine their effectiveness.

    (www.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)

    According to the fourth paragraph of the text, the Food and Drug Administration
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 6cdda6f1-b1
  • 6CDA8B14-B1

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    UNIFESP · 2014MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Leia o texto para responder a questão.


    The Rise of Antibiotic Resistance 

    By The Editorial Board

    May 10, 2014


        The World Health Organization has surveyed the growth of antibiotic-resistant germs around the world – the first such survey it has ever conducted – and come up with disturbing findings. In a report issued late last month, the organization found that antimicrobial resistance in bacteria (the main focus of the report), fungi, viruses and parasites is an increasingly serious threat in every part of the world. “A problem so serious that it threatens the achievements of modern medicine,” the organization said. “A post-antibiotic era, in which common infections and minor injuries can kill, far from being an apocalyptic fantasy, is instead a very real possibility for the 21st century.” 

        The growth of antibiotic-resistant pathogens means that in ever more cases, standard treatments no longer work, infections are harder or impossible to control, the risk of spreading infections to others is increased, and illnesses and hospital stays are prolonged. All of these drive up the costs of illnesses and the risk of death. The survey sought to determine the scope of the problem by asking countries to submit their most recent surveillance data (114 did so). Unfortunately, the data was glaringly incomplete because few countries track and monitor antibiotic resistance comprehensively, and there is no standard methodology for doing so.

        Still, it is clear that major resistance problems have already developed, both for antibiotics that are used routinely and for those deemed “last resort” treatments to cure people when all else has failed. Carbapenem antibiotics, a class of drugs used as a last resort to treat life-threatening infections caused by a common intestinal bacterium, have failed to work in more than half the people treated in some countries. The bacterium is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and infections in newborns and intensive-care patients. Similarly, the failure of a last-resort treatment for gonorrhoea has been confirmed in 10 countries, including many with advanced health care systems, such as Australia, Canada, France, Sweden and Britain. And resistance to a class of antibiotics that is routinely used to treat urinary tract infections caused by E. coli is widespread; in some countries the drugs are now ineffective in more than half of the patients treated. This sobering report is intended to kick-start a global campaign to develop tools and standards to track drug resistance, measure its health and economic impact, and design solutions.

       The most urgent need is to minimize the overuse of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture, which accelerates the development of resistant strains. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued voluntary guidelines calling on drug companies, animal producers and veterinarians to stop indiscriminately using antibiotics that are important for treating humans on livestock; the drug companies have said they will comply. But the agency, shortsightedly, has appealed a court order requiring it to ban the use of penicillin and two forms of tetracycline by animal producers to promote growth unless they provide proof that it will not promote drug-resistant microbes.

       The pharmaceutical industry needs to be encouraged to develop new antibiotics to supplement those that are losing their effectiveness. The Royal Pharmaceutical Society, which represents pharmacists in Britain, called this month for stronger financial incentives. It said that no new class of antibiotics has been discovered since 1987, largely because the financial returns for finding new classes of antibiotics are too low. Unlike lucrative drugs to treat chronic diseases like cancer and cardiovascular ailments, antibiotics are typically taken for a short period of time, and any new drug is apt to be used sparingly and held in reserve to treat patients resistant to existing drugs. Antibiotics have transformed medicine and saved countless lives over the past seven decades. Now, rampant overuse and the lack of new drugs in the pipeline threaten to undermine their effectiveness.

    (www.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)

    According to the text, last resort antibiotics
    Escolha uma alternativa para a questão 6cda8b14-b1
  • 6CD754B6-B1

    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    UNIFESP · 2014MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Leia o texto para responder a questão.


    The Rise of Antibiotic Resistance 

    By The Editorial Board

    May 10, 2014


        The World Health Organization has surveyed the growth of antibiotic-resistant germs around the world – the first such survey it has ever conducted – and come up with disturbing findings. In a report issued late last month, the organization found that antimicrobial resistance in bacteria (the main focus of the report), fungi, viruses and parasites is an increasingly serious threat in every part of the world. “A problem so serious that it threatens the achievements of modern medicine,” the organization said. “A post-antibiotic era, in which common infections and minor injuries can kill, far from being an apocalyptic fantasy, is instead a very real possibility for the 21st century.” 

        The growth of antibiotic-resistant pathogens means that in ever more cases, standard treatments no longer work, infections are harder or impossible to control, the risk of spreading infections to others is increased, and illnesses and hospital stays are prolonged. All of these drive up the costs of illnesses and the risk of death. The survey sought to determine the scope of the problem by asking countries to submit their most recent surveillance data (114 did so). Unfortunately, the data was glaringly incomplete because few countries track and monitor antibiotic resistance comprehensively, and there is no standard methodology for doing so.

        Still, it is clear that major resistance problems have already developed, both for antibiotics that are used routinely and for those deemed “last resort” treatments to cure people when all else has failed. Carbapenem antibiotics, a class of drugs used as a last resort to treat life-threatening infections caused by a common intestinal bacterium, have failed to work in more than half the people treated in some countries. The bacterium is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and infections in newborns and intensive-care patients. Similarly, the failure of a last-resort treatment for gonorrhoea has been confirmed in 10 countries, including many with advanced health care systems, such as Australia, Canada, France, Sweden and Britain. And resistance to a class of antibiotics that is routinely used to treat urinary tract infections caused by E. coli is widespread; in some countries the drugs are now ineffective in more than half of the patients treated. This sobering report is intended to kick-start a global campaign to develop tools and standards to track drug resistance, measure its health and economic impact, and design solutions.

       The most urgent need is to minimize the overuse of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture, which accelerates the development of resistant strains. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued voluntary guidelines calling on drug companies, animal producers and veterinarians to stop indiscriminately using antibiotics that are important for treating humans on livestock; the drug companies have said they will comply. But the agency, shortsightedly, has appealed a court order requiring it to ban the use of penicillin and two forms of tetracycline by animal producers to promote growth unless they provide proof that it will not promote drug-resistant microbes.

       The pharmaceutical industry needs to be encouraged to develop new antibiotics to supplement those that are losing their effectiveness. The Royal Pharmaceutical Society, which represents pharmacists in Britain, called this month for stronger financial incentives. It said that no new class of antibiotics has been discovered since 1987, largely because the financial returns for finding new classes of antibiotics are too low. Unlike lucrative drugs to treat chronic diseases like cancer and cardiovascular ailments, antibiotics are typically taken for a short period of time, and any new drug is apt to be used sparingly and held in reserve to treat patients resistant to existing drugs. Antibiotics have transformed medicine and saved countless lives over the past seven decades. Now, rampant overuse and the lack of new drugs in the pipeline threaten to undermine their effectiveness.

    (www.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)

    Segundo o texto, o relatório da Organização Mundial da Saúde
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    Inglês

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    The Rise of Antibiotic Resistance 

    By The Editorial Board

    May 10, 2014


        The World Health Organization has surveyed the growth of antibiotic-resistant germs around the world – the first such survey it has ever conducted – and come up with disturbing findings. In a report issued late last month, the organization found that antimicrobial resistance in bacteria (the main focus of the report), fungi, viruses and parasites is an increasingly serious threat in every part of the world. “A problem so serious that it threatens the achievements of modern medicine,” the organization said. “A post-antibiotic era, in which common infections and minor injuries can kill, far from being an apocalyptic fantasy, is instead a very real possibility for the 21st century.” 

        The growth of antibiotic-resistant pathogens means that in ever more cases, standard treatments no longer work, infections are harder or impossible to control, the risk of spreading infections to others is increased, and illnesses and hospital stays are prolonged. All of these drive up the costs of illnesses and the risk of death. The survey sought to determine the scope of the problem by asking countries to submit their most recent surveillance data (114 did so). Unfortunately, the data was glaringly incomplete because few countries track and monitor antibiotic resistance comprehensively, and there is no standard methodology for doing so.

        Still, it is clear that major resistance problems have already developed, both for antibiotics that are used routinely and for those deemed “last resort” treatments to cure people when all else has failed. Carbapenem antibiotics, a class of drugs used as a last resort to treat life-threatening infections caused by a common intestinal bacterium, have failed to work in more than half the people treated in some countries. The bacterium is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, and infections in newborns and intensive-care patients. Similarly, the failure of a last-resort treatment for gonorrhoea has been confirmed in 10 countries, including many with advanced health care systems, such as Australia, Canada, France, Sweden and Britain. And resistance to a class of antibiotics that is routinely used to treat urinary tract infections caused by E. coli is widespread; in some countries the drugs are now ineffective in more than half of the patients treated. This sobering report is intended to kick-start a global campaign to develop tools and standards to track drug resistance, measure its health and economic impact, and design solutions.

       The most urgent need is to minimize the overuse of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture, which accelerates the development of resistant strains. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued voluntary guidelines calling on drug companies, animal producers and veterinarians to stop indiscriminately using antibiotics that are important for treating humans on livestock; the drug companies have said they will comply. But the agency, shortsightedly, has appealed a court order requiring it to ban the use of penicillin and two forms of tetracycline by animal producers to promote growth unless they provide proof that it will not promote drug-resistant microbes.

       The pharmaceutical industry needs to be encouraged to develop new antibiotics to supplement those that are losing their effectiveness. The Royal Pharmaceutical Society, which represents pharmacists in Britain, called this month for stronger financial incentives. It said that no new class of antibiotics has been discovered since 1987, largely because the financial returns for finding new classes of antibiotics are too low. Unlike lucrative drugs to treat chronic diseases like cancer and cardiovascular ailments, antibiotics are typically taken for a short period of time, and any new drug is apt to be used sparingly and held in reserve to treat patients resistant to existing drugs. Antibiotics have transformed medicine and saved countless lives over the past seven decades. Now, rampant overuse and the lack of new drugs in the pipeline threaten to undermine their effectiveness.

    (www.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)

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    Inglês

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    Healthy choices

    How do we reduce waistlines in a country where we traditionally do not like telling individuals what to do?

    By Telegraph View

    22 Aug 2014

                                                                                        Duncan Selbie, the Chief Executive of Public Health

                                                                                                      England, suggests that parents feed their children

                                                                                                      from smaller plates. Photo: Alamy


       Every new piece of information about Britain’s weight problem makes for ever more depressing reading. Duncan Selbie, the Chief Executive of Public Health England, today tells us that by 2034 some six million Britons will suffer from diabetes. Of course, many people develop diabetes through no fault of their own. But Mr Selbie’s research concludes that if the levels of obesity returned to their 1994 levels, 1.7 million fewer people would suffer from the condition.

      Given that fighting diabetes already drains the National Health Service (NHS) by more than £1.5 million, or 10 per cent of its budget for England, the impact upon the Treasury in 20 years’ time from unhealthy lifestyles could be catastrophic. Bad health not only impacts on the individual but also on the rest of the community.

       Diagnosis of the challenge is straightforward. The tougher question is what to do about reducing waistlines in a country where we traditionally do not like telling individuals what to do.

       It is interesting to note that Mr Selbie does not ascribe to the Big Brother approach of ceaseless legislation and nannying. Rather, he is keen to promote choices – making the case passionately that people should be encouraged to embrace good health. One of his suggestions is that parents feed their children from smaller plates. That way the child can clear his or her plate, as ordered, without actually consuming too much. Like all good ideas, this is rooted in common sense. 

    (www.telegraph.co.uk. Adaptado.)

    No trecho do quarto parágrafo “Rather, he is keen to promote choices”, o termo em destaque equivale, em português, a
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    Inglês

    Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
    UNIFESP · 2014MédioEntre para guardar nos favoritos

    Leia o texto para responder a questão.

    Healthy choices

    How do we reduce waistlines in a country where we traditionally do not like telling individuals what to do?

    By Telegraph View

    22 Aug 2014

                                                                                        Duncan Selbie, the Chief Executive of Public Health

                                                                                                      England, suggests that parents feed their children

                                                                                                      from smaller plates. Photo: Alamy


       Every new piece of information about Britain’s weight problem makes for ever more depressing reading. Duncan Selbie, the Chief Executive of Public Health England, today tells us that by 2034 some six million Britons will suffer from diabetes. Of course, many people develop diabetes through no fault of their own. But Mr Selbie’s research concludes that if the levels of obesity returned to their 1994 levels, 1.7 million fewer people would suffer from the condition.

      Given that fighting diabetes already drains the National Health Service (NHS) by more than £1.5 million, or 10 per cent of its budget for England, the impact upon the Treasury in 20 years’ time from unhealthy lifestyles could be catastrophic. Bad health not only impacts on the individual but also on the rest of the community.

       Diagnosis of the challenge is straightforward. The tougher question is what to do about reducing waistlines in a country where we traditionally do not like telling individuals what to do.

       It is interesting to note that Mr Selbie does not ascribe to the Big Brother approach of ceaseless legislation and nannying. Rather, he is keen to promote choices – making the case passionately that people should be encouraged to embrace good health. One of his suggestions is that parents feed their children from smaller plates. That way the child can clear his or her plate, as ordered, without actually consuming too much. Like all good ideas, this is rooted in common sense. 

    (www.telegraph.co.uk. Adaptado.)

    No trecho do segundo parágrafo “Bad health not only impacts on the individual but also on the rest of the community”, a expressão “not only … but also” indica uma ideia de
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