Questões: Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG) — com gabarito

Na segunda metade do século XIX, o Brasil estimulou, principalmente, a imigração de origem europeia devido

I. à abolição da escravidão e às dificuldades de reposição de mão de obra.

II. à necessidade de povoar seu território de forma mais efetiva.

III. ao desejo das elites em promover o branqueamento da população.

Estão corretas as afirmativas:

Nas conferências da Organização Mundial do Comércio /OMC, o grupo dos países pobres e países emergentes concentram sua atuação na agricultura, que é o tema central de suas agendas de desenvolvimento. Participam do grupo, por exemplo, a Tanzânia, o Zimbábue, a Nigéria e os emergentes, como a Índia, a China, o Brasil. Os países pobres representam hoje quase 60% da população mundial, 70% da sua população são rurais, e 26% das exportações agrícolas mundiais. No caso dos países emergentes, os agroprodutos, em geral, são responsáveis pelo superavit de sua balança comercial de exportações. O objetivo desses países é abrir espaço para as negociações comerciais de produtos agrícolas dos países pobres e emergentes por causa da prevalência dos interesses agrícolas dos países desenvolvidos nas rodadas de negociações na Organização Mundial do Comércio/OMC. A redução ou a extinção dos subsídios agrícolas que os países desenvolvidos dão aos seus agricultores são a principal reivindicação.

A importância dos agroprodutos para os países emergentes deve-se ao fato de esses países

A figura a seguir apresenta um gráfico do movimento de um corpo.

A interpretação desse gráfico é:

A temperatura da superfície da Terra depende do balanço entre a energia que ela recebe e a energia que ela emite. Relacione as duas colunas, associando a energia que a Terra recebe ou emite com algumas formas de radiação.

Energia:

1. Energia que a superfície da Terra recebe.

2. Energia que a superfície da Terra emite.

Formas de radiação:

( ) Radiação visível proveniente do Sol.

( ) Radiação infravermelha proveniente da atmosfera aquecida.

( ) Radiação infravermelha proveniente da Terra aquecida.

A seqüência correta dessa associação é:

A imagem abaixo representa o ciclo reprodutivo de um determinado grupo vegetal.

A reprodução desse grupo é caracterizado por apresentar

A sacarose, C12H22O11 , é uma substância molecular. Em relação à sacarose são feitas as seguintes afirmativas:

I. É uma substância polar.

II. É muito solúvel em água.

III. Suas soluções aquosas não apresentam condutividade elétrica apreciável.

Das afirmações anteriores estão corretas:

Foi observado que o número de bactérias de uma certa cultura experimental é dado pela fórmula o tempo de observação dessa cultura. N(t) = 203 x 51 sendo t ≥ 0

O número inicial de bactérias dessa cultura é

ETC

Estou sozinho, estou triste, etc.

Quem virá com a nova brisa que penetra

Pelas frestas do meu ninho

Quem insiste em anunciar-se no desejo

Quem tanto não vejo ainda

Quem pessoa secreta

Vem, te chamo

Vem, etc.

(Caetano Veloso)

Sobre o uso do “etc” nesse texto, por tratar-se de uma expressão bastante corriqueira, é correto dizer que

Leia o texto:

Desolado com a possibilidade de extinção da língua portuguesa, deputado apresenta projeto de lei com o objetivo de proibir o uso de palavras de outros idiomas em meios de comunicação, nomes comerciais, documentos oficiais, etc. [...] A identidade das línguas não se esconde nos vocabulários, mas na maneira como eles se articulam. Seus segredos estão em palavras que a maioria dos mortais relega a segundo plano como artigos, preposições, conjunções, ou em processos relacionais como regências, concordâncias, flexões, declinações, sintaxes. Enquanto os fanáticos por computadores conjugarem o anglicismo “escanear” como se fosse “escaneio, escaneias, escaneia...” tudo está bem: estão apenas repetindo processos que nos deram palavras preciosas como “desolado” ou “parlamento”... – a última , um caso particularmente interessante, por nos fornecer uma palavra latina por tabela, sua raiz é latina, mas sua existência se deve aos ingleses. No dia em que começarmos a lidar com respeitáveis palavras de ascendência diretamente romana como “falar” em termos de “eu fala, tu fala, ele fala, nós fala”, aí talvez seja o momento de profetizar a agonia da “última flor de Lácio” [...] O simples fato de determinada comunidade usar ou não determinada expressão contém significado que jamais poderá ser traduzido por outra palavra. Voltando ao nosso apaixonado por computadores, se ele começar a disparar verbos como “escanear”, “printar”, deletar ou congêneres, saberemos de sua condição de info-fanático. Ninguém precisará nos dizer isso. Além de nos informar que vai imprimir ou apagar algo, ele está nos dizendo, também, que se quiser pode estourar o disco rígido de nosso computador sem que notemos. Quando um executivo fala em personal banking, ele não se refere apenas à relação personalizada que a informática permite entre ele e seu banco, informa-nos, também, sobre a tribo à qual pertence [...] A lei contém, portanto, elemento limitador da expressão. Quando pretende se impor a meios de comunicação, o problema torna-se mais grave. Além da redução quantitativa de informações que permite à comunidade, realiza, também, uma redução qualitativa: estabelece que certas categorias de informações simplesmente não podem ser transmitidas. Antigamente isso se chamava censura. (Texto adaptado de: AVELAR, Marcelo Castilho. O idioma está acima do controle das leis. Estado de Minas, Belo Horizonte, 17 set. 2000. Espetáculo/Opinião, p.4.)

O dois-pontos usado no fragmento “[...] tudo está bem: estão apenas repetindo processos que nos deram palavras preciosas [...]” dá idéia de ________ e pode ser substituído por ________.

Completa corretamente as lacunas:

A República nos países latinos da América é um governo no qual é essencial desistir da liberdade para obter a ordem.

(NABUCO, J. A Abolição e a República. Recife: Editora da UFPE, 1999. p. 68. Adaptado.)

A comparação entre o regime imperial e as repúblicas existentes na América Latina era um dos principais argumentos da crítica monarquista aos defensores do sistema republicano no Brasil. Os monarquistas viam as repúblicas da América Latina como exemplos da

Ordenamento espacial dos pólos de indústrias de alta tecnologia no mundo

(Elaborado por: Luci Imaculada de Oliveira Alves.)

Qual é a característica dos pólos de alta tecnologia com relação ao ordenamento espacial no contexto mundial?

Inicialmente, o país havia sido uma colônia alemã e, posteriormente, passou para o poderio da Bélgica, tornando-se independente em 1962. O conflito envolvendo esse país é, na verdade, de ordem interna, visto que envolve populações mais ou menos próximas de duas etnias principais, os tutsis e os hutus. A aceleração dos conflitos resultou na morte de mais de 1 milhão de pessoas, majoritariamente da etnia tutsi, que foram assassinadas por milícias de origem hutu.

(http://geografiaeatualidades.blogspot.com/2008/08/srie-frica-ruanda.html. Acesso: 11/04/2010.)

Qual é o nome deste país?

Uma mulher, querendo ter filhos, consultou um geneticista em função de uma doença que manifestava-se em vários indivíduos de sua família. O seguinte heredograma foi elaborado, a partir das informações dessa mulher.

Pela análise do heredograma o geneticista descartou a possibilidade de a herança ser do tipo

               Fire Devastates Brazil's Oldest Science Museum

The overnight inferno likely claimed fossils, cultural artifacts, and more irreplaceable collections amassed over 200 years.

                                                                                    By Michael Greshko                                                   ______________________________________

                                                                   PUBLISHED September 6, 2018

Major pieces of Brazil's scientific and cultural heritage went up in smoke on September 2, as a devastating fire ripped through much of Rio de Janeiro's Museu Nacional, or National Museum. Founded in 1818, the museum is Brazil's oldest scientific institution and one of the largest and most renowned museums in Latin America, amassing a collection of some 20 million scientifically and culturally invaluable artifacts.

The Museu Nacional's holdings include Luzia, an 11,500-year-old skull considered one of South America's oldest human fossils, as well as the bones of uniquely Brazilian creatures such as the long-necked dinosaur Maxakalisaurus. Because of the auction tastes of Brazil's 19th-century emperors, the Museu Nacional also ended up with Latin America's oldest collection of Egyptian mummies and artifacts.

Even the building holds historical importance: It housed the exiled Portuguese royal family from 1808 to 1821, after they fled to Rio de Janeiro in 1807 to escape Napoleon. The complex also served as the palace for Brazil's post-independence emperors until 1889, before the museum collections were transferred there in 1902. In an September 5 email, Museu Nacional curator Débora Pires wrote that the entomology and arachnology collections were completely destroyed, as was most of the mollusk collection. However, technicians had braved the fire to save 80 percent of the mollusk holotypes—the specimens that formally serve as the global references for a given species. The museum's vertebrate specimens, herbarium, and library were housed separately and survived the fire.

(…)

An Irreplaceable Loss

It's not yet clear how the fire started, but it did begin after the museum was closed to the public, and no injuries have yet been reported. Firefighters worked through the night to douse the burnt-out shell of the main building, but it seems the blaze has already seared a gaping hole in many scientists' careers.

“The importance of the collections that were lost couldn't be overstated,” says Luiz Rocha, a Brazilian ichthyologist now at the California Academy of Sciences who has visited the Museu Nacional several times to study its collections. “They were unique as it gets: Many of them were irreplaceable, there's no way to put a monetary value on it.”

“In terms of [my] life-long research agenda, I'm pretty much lost,” says Marcus Guidoti, a Brazilian entomologist finishing up his Ph.D. in a program co-run by Brazil's Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul.

Guidoti studies lace bugs, an insect family with more than 2,000 species worldwide. The Museu Nacional held one of the world's largest lace bug collections, but the fire likely destroyed it and the rest of the museum's five million arthropod specimens. “Those type specimens can't be replaced, and they are crucial to understand the species,” he says by text message. “If I was willing to keep working on this family in this region of the globe, this was definitely a big hit.”

Paleontologist Dimila Mothé, a postdoctoral researcher at the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, adds that the blows to science extend beyond the collections themselves. “It's not only the cultural history, the natural history, but all the theses and research developed there,” she says. “Most of the laboratories there were lost, too, and the research of several professors. I'm not sure you can say the impact of what was lost.”

Brazil’s indigenous knowledge also has suffered. The Museu Nacional housed world-renowned collections of indigenous objects, as well as many audio recordings of indigenous languages from all over Brazil. Some of these recordings, now lost, were of languages that are no longer spoken.

“I have no words to say how horrible this is,” says Brazilian anthropologist Mariana Françozo, an expert on South American indigenous objects at Leiden University. “The indigenous collections are a tremendous loss … we can no longer study them, we can no longer understand what our ancestors did. It’s heartbreaking.” 

On Monday, The Brazilian publication G1 Rio reported that ashes of burned documents—some still flecked in notes or illustrations—have rained down from the sky more than a mile away from the Museu Nacional, thrown aloft by the inferno.

(…)

Editor's Note: This story was updated on September 6, 2018, with new details about which artifacts survived the fire. 

Taken from: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/09/news-museu-nacional-fire-rio-de-janeiro-natural-history/. Access: 11 dez. 2018.

               Fire Devastates Brazil's Oldest Science Museum

The overnight inferno likely claimed fossils, cultural artifacts, and more irreplaceable collections amassed over 200 years.

                                                                                    By Michael Greshko                                                   ______________________________________

                                                                   PUBLISHED September 6, 2018

Major pieces of Brazil's scientific and cultural heritage went up in smoke on September 2, as a devastating fire ripped through much of Rio de Janeiro's Museu Nacional, or National Museum. Founded in 1818, the museum is Brazil's oldest scientific institution and one of the largest and most renowned museums in Latin America, amassing a collection of some 20 million scientifically and culturally invaluable artifacts.

The Museu Nacional's holdings include Luzia, an 11,500-year-old skull considered one of South America's oldest human fossils, as well as the bones of uniquely Brazilian creatures such as the long-necked dinosaur Maxakalisaurus. Because of the auction tastes of Brazil's 19th-century emperors, the Museu Nacional also ended up with Latin America's oldest collection of Egyptian mummies and artifacts.

Even the building holds historical importance: It housed the exiled Portuguese royal family from 1808 to 1821, after they fled to Rio de Janeiro in 1807 to escape Napoleon. The complex also served as the palace for Brazil's post-independence emperors until 1889, before the museum collections were transferred there in 1902. In an September 5 email, Museu Nacional curator Débora Pires wrote that the entomology and arachnology collections were completely destroyed, as was most of the mollusk collection. However, technicians had braved the fire to save 80 percent of the mollusk holotypes—the specimens that formally serve as the global references for a given species. The museum's vertebrate specimens, herbarium, and library were housed separately and survived the fire.

(…)

An Irreplaceable Loss

It's not yet clear how the fire started, but it did begin after the museum was closed to the public, and no injuries have yet been reported. Firefighters worked through the night to douse the burnt-out shell of the main building, but it seems the blaze has already seared a gaping hole in many scientists' careers.

“The importance of the collections that were lost couldn't be overstated,” says Luiz Rocha, a Brazilian ichthyologist now at the California Academy of Sciences who has visited the Museu Nacional several times to study its collections. “They were unique as it gets: Many of them were irreplaceable, there's no way to put a monetary value on it.”

“In terms of [my] life-long research agenda, I'm pretty much lost,” says Marcus Guidoti, a Brazilian entomologist finishing up his Ph.D. in a program co-run by Brazil's Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul.

Guidoti studies lace bugs, an insect family with more than 2,000 species worldwide. The Museu Nacional held one of the world's largest lace bug collections, but the fire likely destroyed it and the rest of the museum's five million arthropod specimens. “Those type specimens can't be replaced, and they are crucial to understand the species,” he says by text message. “If I was willing to keep working on this family in this region of the globe, this was definitely a big hit.”

Paleontologist Dimila Mothé, a postdoctoral researcher at the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, adds that the blows to science extend beyond the collections themselves. “It's not only the cultural history, the natural history, but all the theses and research developed there,” she says. “Most of the laboratories there were lost, too, and the research of several professors. I'm not sure you can say the impact of what was lost.”

Brazil’s indigenous knowledge also has suffered. The Museu Nacional housed world-renowned collections of indigenous objects, as well as many audio recordings of indigenous languages from all over Brazil. Some of these recordings, now lost, were of languages that are no longer spoken.

“I have no words to say how horrible this is,” says Brazilian anthropologist Mariana Françozo, an expert on South American indigenous objects at Leiden University. “The indigenous collections are a tremendous loss … we can no longer study them, we can no longer understand what our ancestors did. It’s heartbreaking.” 

On Monday, The Brazilian publication G1 Rio reported that ashes of burned documents—some still flecked in notes or illustrations—have rained down from the sky more than a mile away from the Museu Nacional, thrown aloft by the inferno.

(…)

Editor's Note: This story was updated on September 6, 2018, with new details about which artifacts survived the fire. 

Taken from: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/09/news-museu-nacional-fire-rio-de-janeiro-natural-history/. Access: 11 dez. 2018.

               Fire Devastates Brazil's Oldest Science Museum

The overnight inferno likely claimed fossils, cultural artifacts, and more irreplaceable collections amassed over 200 years.

                                                                                    By Michael Greshko                                                   ______________________________________

                                                                   PUBLISHED September 6, 2018

Major pieces of Brazil's scientific and cultural heritage went up in smoke on September 2, as a devastating fire ripped through much of Rio de Janeiro's Museu Nacional, or National Museum. Founded in 1818, the museum is Brazil's oldest scientific institution and one of the largest and most renowned museums in Latin America, amassing a collection of some 20 million scientifically and culturally invaluable artifacts.

The Museu Nacional's holdings include Luzia, an 11,500-year-old skull considered one of South America's oldest human fossils, as well as the bones of uniquely Brazilian creatures such as the long-necked dinosaur Maxakalisaurus. Because of the auction tastes of Brazil's 19th-century emperors, the Museu Nacional also ended up with Latin America's oldest collection of Egyptian mummies and artifacts.

Even the building holds historical importance: It housed the exiled Portuguese royal family from 1808 to 1821, after they fled to Rio de Janeiro in 1807 to escape Napoleon. The complex also served as the palace for Brazil's post-independence emperors until 1889, before the museum collections were transferred there in 1902. In an September 5 email, Museu Nacional curator Débora Pires wrote that the entomology and arachnology collections were completely destroyed, as was most of the mollusk collection. However, technicians had braved the fire to save 80 percent of the mollusk holotypes—the specimens that formally serve as the global references for a given species. The museum's vertebrate specimens, herbarium, and library were housed separately and survived the fire.

(…)

An Irreplaceable Loss

It's not yet clear how the fire started, but it did begin after the museum was closed to the public, and no injuries have yet been reported. Firefighters worked through the night to douse the burnt-out shell of the main building, but it seems the blaze has already seared a gaping hole in many scientists' careers.

“The importance of the collections that were lost couldn't be overstated,” says Luiz Rocha, a Brazilian ichthyologist now at the California Academy of Sciences who has visited the Museu Nacional several times to study its collections. “They were unique as it gets: Many of them were irreplaceable, there's no way to put a monetary value on it.”

“In terms of [my] life-long research agenda, I'm pretty much lost,” says Marcus Guidoti, a Brazilian entomologist finishing up his Ph.D. in a program co-run by Brazil's Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul.

Guidoti studies lace bugs, an insect family with more than 2,000 species worldwide. The Museu Nacional held one of the world's largest lace bug collections, but the fire likely destroyed it and the rest of the museum's five million arthropod specimens. “Those type specimens can't be replaced, and they are crucial to understand the species,” he says by text message. “If I was willing to keep working on this family in this region of the globe, this was definitely a big hit.”

Paleontologist Dimila Mothé, a postdoctoral researcher at the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, adds that the blows to science extend beyond the collections themselves. “It's not only the cultural history, the natural history, but all the theses and research developed there,” she says. “Most of the laboratories there were lost, too, and the research of several professors. I'm not sure you can say the impact of what was lost.”

Brazil’s indigenous knowledge also has suffered. The Museu Nacional housed world-renowned collections of indigenous objects, as well as many audio recordings of indigenous languages from all over Brazil. Some of these recordings, now lost, were of languages that are no longer spoken.

“I have no words to say how horrible this is,” says Brazilian anthropologist Mariana Françozo, an expert on South American indigenous objects at Leiden University. “The indigenous collections are a tremendous loss … we can no longer study them, we can no longer understand what our ancestors did. It’s heartbreaking.” 

On Monday, The Brazilian publication G1 Rio reported that ashes of burned documents—some still flecked in notes or illustrations—have rained down from the sky more than a mile away from the Museu Nacional, thrown aloft by the inferno.

(…)

Editor's Note: This story was updated on September 6, 2018, with new details about which artifacts survived the fire. 

Taken from: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/09/news-museu-nacional-fire-rio-de-janeiro-natural-history/. Access: 11 dez. 2018.