Prova de 2018: Universidade Virtual de São Paulo — questões com gabarito

Na sequência dada a seguir, estão relacionadas, em ordem crescente e substituídas por letras, as notas obtidas pelos seis candidatos finalistas na última prova de um processo seletivo.

x x y y+2 z z

Sabendo-se que a nota mediana e a nota média foram iguais a 8, e que a menor nota corresponde a 3/5 da maior, é correto afirmar que a menor nota obtida nessa prova foi

Um grupo de estudantes foi selecionado como amostra para uma pesquisa acadêmica. Os integrantes desse grupo foram classificados em função do sexo e do curso que frequentam. A tabela, incompleta, em que alguns números estão omitidos, mostra essa distribuição.

Em um mesmo sistema de coordenadas cartesianas ortogonais, estão representados os gráficos das funções quadráticas ƒ(x) = 2x2 – 4x + 3 e g(x) = –x2 + 2x + 3, sendo os vértices das parábolas representados, respectivamente, pelos pontos A e B.

Desse modo, a diferença, em módulo, entre a ordenada do vértice A e a ordenada do vértice B é igual a

Considere o triângulo isósceles ABC, de base BC e altura AH, inscrito em uma circunferência de centro O, conforme mostra a figura.

Sabendo-se que a circunferência tem 26 cm de diâmetro, e que = 10cm e = 5cm, é correto afirmar que a área do triângulo ABC é, em cm2 , igual a

Em um laboratório, um recipiente contém uma mistura de duas drogas líquidas, A e B, num total de 36 mililitros, sendo que a participação da droga A corresponde a desse 1/10 total. A quantidade de mililitros da droga A que devem ser adicionados a essa mistura para que a sua composição passe a ter 1/5 da droga A é igual a

Em um quadro para chaves, há uma fileira de 6 ganchos vazios. Três chaves distintas devem ser posicionadas nessa fileira, sendo uma em cada gancho, de modo que entre duas chaves imediatamente próximas sempre tenha exatamente um gancho vazio. O número de maneiras diferentes de se posicionarem as chaves nessa fileira de ganchos é

No esquema ilustrado a seguir, o triângulo azul representa o perfil de um prisma de base triangular, feito de um material transparente (meio 2), estando imerso em um meio transparente 3, mas com sua face superior imersa em um meio 1.

O raio de luz monocromática, representado em vermelho, incide sobre a face exposta ao meio 1, refrata para o interior do prisma e emerge para o meio 3. Quanto aos índices de refração absolutos dos meios 1, 2 e 3, é correto afirmar que o do meio 1 é

A figura mostra um navio mercante britânico que foi afundado na Segunda Guerra Mundial no Mar Vermelho, e que contém de tudo, desde veículos e motocicletas até munições e outras armas.

(warpedspeed.com)

Um mergulhador explorando um caminhão afundado junto com o navio aparece também. O mergulhador desceu verticalmente até o local. Uma vez totalmente imerso, e durante esse movimento, o empuxo exercido pela água sobre o mergulhador

A figura mostra um ciclista em plena descida de uma rampa.

(pedal.com.br)

Durante esse movimento, o ciclista tentou manter constante a velocidade de sua bicicleta sempre usando os freios, mas chegou ao final desse percurso a uma velocidade maior do que aquela que tinha ao iniciar seu movimento no alto da rampa.

É correto afirmar que, ao final desse movimento de descida, sua energia

O coração dos mamíferos apresenta quatro cavidades. A válvula tricúspide está localizada entre o átrio e o ventrículo direitos, e a válvula mitral está localizada entre o átrio e o ventrículo esquerdos. Já as válvulas aórtica e pulmonar localizam-se nas saídas dos ventrículos esquerdo e direito, respectivamente.

A figura ilustra a anatomia do coração humano em corte transversal, no qual é possível visualizar as válvulas cardíacas.

(https://commons.wikimedia.org)

Sobre o fluxo de sangue no coração, é correto afirmar que através das válvulas

A tabela contém o número de cromossomos existentes no núcleo de células somáticas de três espécies de animais.

A figura ilustra as trocas gasosas para três processos metabólicos realizados pelos vegetais.

(http://meioambiente.culturamix.com)

Com relação aos processos indicados, é correto afirmar que

A Venezuela está enfrentando uma grave crise institucional e econômica, com a presença de distúrbios sociais e instabilidade política. Considerando que a economia do país possui enorme dependência das exportações de petróleo, uma das razões dos problemas econômicos do país diz respeito à

“Projeto de uma estátua equestre para o ilustre chefe do Partido Liberal”

A charge, publicada na Revista Illustrada no ano de 1880, faz uma crítica

No mundo islâmico medieval, se mantinham numerosos elementos não muçulmanos na população e, dentre eles, judeus e cristãos se beneficiavam de um estatuto particular: “povos da Bíblia”. Eram considerados como sendo crentes do mesmo deus, ainda que lhes faltasse a revelação suprema e derradeira, a de Maomé.

(George Tate. O Oriente das Cruzadas. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2008. Adaptado)

O trecho apresenta uma característica fundamental do mundo árabe islâmico no contexto da expansão muçulmana, corretamente identificada como

A caminhada de Atenas em direção à democracia não aconteceu de uma hora para outra. A trajetória política dos atenienses até o regime de maior participação popular da Antiguidade foi marcada por várias e longas etapas. Para que se chegasse à democracia foi preciso muita luta popular. Isso foi possível, entre outros motivos, graças à ampliação do comércio marítimo ateniense, o que fortaleceu os comerciantes. Os próprios camponeses conseguiram ampliar sua participação social devido, também, ao seu crescente papel econômico em uma Atenas cada vez mais voltada para o mundo exterior.

(Pedro Paulo Funari. Grécia e Roma. São Paulo: Contexto, 2011. Adaptado)

A “caminhada” mencionada no trecho representou uma perda gradual de poder por parte

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Modern-day slavery: an explainer

Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty

   About 150 years after most countries banned slavery – Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking, debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.

  Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.”

  Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says: “debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The 1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed. 

  Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation accounts for 22% of slaves.

Leia o texto para responder a questão.

Modern-day slavery: an explainer

Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty

   About 150 years after most countries banned slavery – Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking, debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.

  Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.”

  Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says: “debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The 1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed. 

  Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation accounts for 22% of slaves.

Leia o texto para responder a questão.

Modern-day slavery: an explainer

Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty

   About 150 years after most countries banned slavery – Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking, debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.

  Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.”

  Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says: “debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The 1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed. 

  Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation accounts for 22% of slaves.

No trecho do terceiro parágrafo – As contemporary systems of slavery have evolved – o termo em destaque equivale, em português, a

Leia o texto para responder a questão.

Modern-day slavery: an explainer

Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty

   About 150 years after most countries banned slavery – Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking, debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.

  Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.”

  Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says: “debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The 1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed. 

  Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO) estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation accounts for 22% of slaves.

De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo, a Convenção Suplementar das Nações Unidas de 1956 inclui como escravidão moderna