Questões de Inglês do ENEM
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C1B7D972-8D Os versos a seguir pertencem à canção Fall on Me, da banda norte-americana R.E.M., lançada em 1986.“There's a problem, feathers, ironBargain buildings, weights and pulleysFeathers hit the ground before the weight can leave the air”Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills e Michael Stipe.A qual episódio (real ou hipotético) da história da física o trecho da música faz alusão?C187CEC9-8D Inglês
Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionUSP · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritos“Quick, quick, tell me something awfulLike you are a poet trapped inside the body of a finance guyTell me all your secrets, all you'll ever be isMy eternal consolation prizeYou see, I was a debutante in another life, butNow I seem to be scared to go outsideIf comfort is a construct, I don't believe in good luckNow that I know what's whatI hate it here so I will go to secret gardens in my mindPeople need a key to get to, the only one is mineI read about it in a book when I was a precocious childNo mid-sized city hopes and small-town fearsI'm there most of the year 'cause I hate it hereI hate it hereMy friends used to play a game whereWe would pick a decadeWe wished we could live in instead of thisI'd say the 1830s but without all the racistsAnd getting married off for the highest bidEveryone would look down 'cause it wasn't fun nowSeems like it was never even fun back thenNostalgia is a mind's trickIf I'd been there, I'd hate itIt was freezing in the palace”“I hate it here”, Taylor Swift, do álbum The Tortured Poets Department,2024 (Adaptado).No texto, a percepção de “conforto como construto” indica que o eu lírico vê o conforto comoC1854EB2-8D Inglês
Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionUSP · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritos“Quick, quick, tell me something awfulLike you are a poet trapped inside the body of a finance guyTell me all your secrets, all you'll ever be isMy eternal consolation prizeYou see, I was a debutante in another life, butNow I seem to be scared to go outsideIf comfort is a construct, I don't believe in good luckNow that I know what's whatI hate it here so I will go to secret gardens in my mindPeople need a key to get to, the only one is mineI read about it in a book when I was a precocious childNo mid-sized city hopes and small-town fearsI'm there most of the year 'cause I hate it hereI hate it hereMy friends used to play a game whereWe would pick a decadeWe wished we could live in instead of thisI'd say the 1830s but without all the racistsAnd getting married off for the highest bidEveryone would look down 'cause it wasn't fun nowSeems like it was never even fun back thenNostalgia is a mind's trickIf I'd been there, I'd hate itIt was freezing in the palace”“I hate it here”, Taylor Swift, do álbum The Tortured Poets Department,2024 (Adaptado).Na letra da música, o verso “Like you are a poet trapped inside the body of a finance guy”C1650BC2-8D Inglês
Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionUSP · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritosClimate change is messing with time“The melting of polar ice due to global warming is affecting Earth’s rotation and could impact on precision timekeeping, according to a recent study.The planet is not about to jerk to a halt, nor speed up so rapidly that everyone gets flung into space. But timekeeping is an exact science in a highly technological society, which is why global authorities more than half a century ago felt compelled by the slight changes in Earth’s rotation to invent the concept of the ‘leap second’.Climate change makes these calculations even more complicated: Soon it may be necessary to insert a ‘negative leap second’ into the calendar to get the planet’s rotation in sync with Coordinated Universal Time.Timekeeping is based on an astronomical basis. Earth is a type of a clock. In simpler times, the planet would spin one full revolution on its axis, and everyone would call it a day.But Earth doesn’t spin at a perfectly constant speed. Our planet is in a complicated gravitational dance with the moon, the sun, the oceanic tides, Earth’s own atmosphere and the motion of the planet’s solid inner core.The planet’s fluctuating spin rate is carefully tracked by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. In the early 1970s, Earth was clearly slowing down in its rotation, and a gap was forming between atomic time and astronomical time. Thus, was born the ‘leap second’ to adjust for the fact that the ‘day’ was getting a bit longer.The melting of the ice caps in Antarctica and Greenland shifts mass — meltwater — toward the equator. That process increases the equatorial bulge of the planet. Meanwhile, at the poles, the land that had been pressed down by ice rises, and Earth becomes more spherical.According to the study, although the core is causing the planet to spin faster, the planetary shape changes caused by a warming climate are slowing that process. Absent this effect, the overall acceleration of the planet’s rotation might require timekeepers to insert a ‘negative leap second’ at the end of 2026. Because of climate change, that might not be necessary until 2029.”Disponível em https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2024/03/27/ (AdaptadConforme o texto, os fenômenos naturais que desempenham papel significativo na complexa interação gravitacional que afeta a rotação da Terra sãoC160E377-8D Inglês
Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionUSP · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritosClimate change is messing with time“The melting of polar ice due to global warming is affecting Earth’s rotation and could impact on precision timekeeping, according to a recent study.The planet is not about to jerk to a halt, nor speed up so rapidly that everyone gets flung into space. But timekeeping is an exact science in a highly technological society, which is why global authorities more than half a century ago felt compelled by the slight changes in Earth’s rotation to invent the concept of the ‘leap second’.Climate change makes these calculations even more complicated: Soon it may be necessary to insert a ‘negative leap second’ into the calendar to get the planet’s rotation in sync with Coordinated Universal Time.Timekeeping is based on an astronomical basis. Earth is a type of a clock. In simpler times, the planet would spin one full revolution on its axis, and everyone would call it a day.But Earth doesn’t spin at a perfectly constant speed. Our planet is in a complicated gravitational dance with the moon, the sun, the oceanic tides, Earth’s own atmosphere and the motion of the planet’s solid inner core.The planet’s fluctuating spin rate is carefully tracked by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. In the early 1970s, Earth was clearly slowing down in its rotation, and a gap was forming between atomic time and astronomical time. Thus, was born the ‘leap second’ to adjust for the fact that the ‘day’ was getting a bit longer.The melting of the ice caps in Antarctica and Greenland shifts mass — meltwater — toward the equator. That process increases the equatorial bulge of the planet. Meanwhile, at the poles, the land that had been pressed down by ice rises, and Earth becomes more spherical.According to the study, although the core is causing the planet to spin faster, the planetary shape changes caused by a warming climate are slowing that process. Absent this effect, the overall acceleration of the planet’s rotation might require timekeepers to insert a ‘negative leap second’ at the end of 2026. Because of climate change, that might not be necessary until 2029.”Disponível em https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2024/03/27/ (AdaptadSegundo o texto, o processo de derretimento das calotas polaresC1440E67-8D Inglês
Vocabulário | VocabularyUSP · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritos“justice, each getting what he or she is due. Formal justice is the impartial and consistent application of principles, whether or not the principles themselves are just. Substantive justice is closely associated with rights, i.e., with what individuals can legitimately demand of one another or what they can legitimately demand of their government (e.g., with respect to the protection of liberty or the promotion of equality).Retributive justice concerns when and why punishment is justified. Debate continues over whether punishment is justified as retribution for past wrongdoing or because it deters future wrongdoing. Those who stress retribution as the justification for punishment usually believe human beings have libertarian free will, while those who stress deterrence usually accept determinism.At least since Aristotle, justice has commonly been identified both with obeying law and with treating everyone with fairness. But if law is, and justice is not, entirely a matter of convention, then justice cannot be identified with obeying law.”The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. General Editor Robert Audi, Cambridge, U.K.: C.U.P., 1999. p.456.Conforme o verbete, a justiça substantiva pode ser definida como aD3CD8899-75 Inglês
Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFaculdades de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritos
Research shows Americans are feeling increasingly lonely, with younger generations reporting lonelinees more frequently than older generations, and heavy social media users reporting loneliness more frequently than light users. Reaching out and taking time to connect, in person, with those around us builds relationships and a sense of belonging that can help reduce feelings of isolation.
(www.p12.nysed.gov. Adaptado.)
In the excerpt from the poster “a sense of belonging that can help reduce feelings of isolation”, the underlined words convey the idea ofD3BDE802-75 Inglês
Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFaculdades de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritos
Research shows Americans are feeling increasingly lonely, with younger generations reporting lonelinees more frequently than older generations, and heavy social media users reporting loneliness more frequently than light users. Reaching out and taking time to connect, in person, with those around us builds relationships and a sense of belonging that can help reduce feelings of isolation.
(www.p12.nysed.gov. Adaptado.)
De acordo com o texto da campanha,D3B4A5C4-75 Inglês
Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFaculdades de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritosSleep tourism has become a major travel trend since the beginning of the covid-19 pandemic, leading to the emergence of sleep hotels, sleep suites, and in-house sleep experts for travelers looking to rest.Sleep tourism is a travel trend that emphasizes getting the best sleep possible. It often involves picking a vacation spot that offers sleep amenities. According to the magazine Fortune, hotels have responded to a rise in sleep-focused travelers by upgrading their sleep services, even hiring sleep experts.The rise in sleep tourism is a result of a growing sleep epidemic. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one in three adults doesn’t get enough sleep. Quality sleep is often mistaken for a luxury when it’s essential for good mental and physical health.The CDC warns that inadequate sleep can lead to some serious health conditions, such as heart disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and depression. Sleep deprivation is also a major cause of car collisions each year, as well as workplace injuries.(Eva Hagan. https://greenmatters.com, 29.04.2024. Adaptado.)No trecho do quarto parágrafo “inadequate sleep can lead to some serious health conditions”, o termo sublinhado expressaD3AA9C96-75 Inglês
Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFaculdades de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritosSleep tourism has become a major travel trend since the beginning of the covid-19 pandemic, leading to the emergence of sleep hotels, sleep suites, and in-house sleep experts for travelers looking to rest.Sleep tourism is a travel trend that emphasizes getting the best sleep possible. It often involves picking a vacation spot that offers sleep amenities. According to the magazine Fortune, hotels have responded to a rise in sleep-focused travelers by upgrading their sleep services, even hiring sleep experts.The rise in sleep tourism is a result of a growing sleep epidemic. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one in three adults doesn’t get enough sleep. Quality sleep is often mistaken for a luxury when it’s essential for good mental and physical health.The CDC warns that inadequate sleep can lead to some serious health conditions, such as heart disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and depression. Sleep deprivation is also a major cause of car collisions each year, as well as workplace injuries.(Eva Hagan. https://greenmatters.com, 29.04.2024. Adaptado.)No trecho do segundo parágrafo “hotels have responded to a rise in sleep-focused travelers by upgrading their sleep services, even hiring sleep experts”, o termo sublinhado refere-seD3A07FB0-75 Inglês
Advérbios de: lugar, modo, tempo e freqüência | Adverbs of: place, manner, time and frequencyFaculdades de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritosSleep tourism has become a major travel trend since the beginning of the covid-19 pandemic, leading to the emergence of sleep hotels, sleep suites, and in-house sleep experts for travelers looking to rest.Sleep tourism is a travel trend that emphasizes getting the best sleep possible. It often involves picking a vacation spot that offers sleep amenities. According to the magazine Fortune, hotels have responded to a rise in sleep-focused travelers by upgrading their sleep services, even hiring sleep experts.The rise in sleep tourism is a result of a growing sleep epidemic. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one in three adults doesn’t get enough sleep. Quality sleep is often mistaken for a luxury when it’s essential for good mental and physical health.The CDC warns that inadequate sleep can lead to some serious health conditions, such as heart disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and depression. Sleep deprivation is also a major cause of car collisions each year, as well as workplace injuries.(Eva Hagan. https://greenmatters.com, 29.04.2024. Adaptado.)No trecho do segundo parágrafo “It often involves picking a vacation spot that offers sleep amenities”, o termo sublinhado expressa ideia deD392DFD9-75 Inglês
Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFaculdades de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritosSleep tourism has become a major travel trend since the beginning of the covid-19 pandemic, leading to the emergence of sleep hotels, sleep suites, and in-house sleep experts for travelers looking to rest.Sleep tourism is a travel trend that emphasizes getting the best sleep possible. It often involves picking a vacation spot that offers sleep amenities. According to the magazine Fortune, hotels have responded to a rise in sleep-focused travelers by upgrading their sleep services, even hiring sleep experts.The rise in sleep tourism is a result of a growing sleep epidemic. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one in three adults doesn’t get enough sleep. Quality sleep is often mistaken for a luxury when it’s essential for good mental and physical health.The CDC warns that inadequate sleep can lead to some serious health conditions, such as heart disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and depression. Sleep deprivation is also a major cause of car collisions each year, as well as workplace injuries.(Eva Hagan. https://greenmatters.com, 29.04.2024. Adaptado.)The main purpose of the text is to1ACACC73-71 Inglês
Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFaculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritosRead Text III and answer the question that follow it.Text IIIHow ghost cities in the Amazon are rewriting the story of civilisationTry to imagine an environment largely untouched by humans and the Amazon rainforest might spring to mind. After all, large swathes of this South American landscape are blanketed in thick vegetation, suggesting it is one corner of the world that humans never managed to tame. Here, there must have been no deforestation, no agricultural revolution and no cities. It seems like a pristine environment.Or so we thought. But a very different picture is emerging. Archaeologists working with Indigenous communities have been shown crumbling urban remains and remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) are revealing the footprints of vast ghost cities. With so much evidence of ancient human activity, it is now thought the pre-Columbian Amazon was inhabited by millions of people – some living in large built-up areas complete with road networks, temples and pyramids.But that’s not all this research reveals. Paradoxically, it also provides evidence that the traditional view of the Amazon isn’t completely wide of the mark. For instance, while the ancient Amazonians managed their landscape intensively, they didn’t deforest it. And although they developed complex societies, they never went through a wholesale agricultural revolution. This might suggest that the pre-Columbian Amazonians broke the mould of human cultural development, which is traditionally seen as a relentless march from hunting and gathering to farming to urban complexity. The truth is more surprising. In fact, we are now coming to understand that there was no such mould – civilisation arose in myriad ways. What looks like an anomaly in the Amazon is actually a shining example of a process that was as vibrant and diverse as the rainforest itself.Adapted from: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg26334980-500-how-ghostcities-in-the-amazon-are-rewriting-the-story-of-civilisation/The extract This might suggest (3rd paragraph) indicates1AC80108-71 Inglês
Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFaculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritosRead Text III and answer the question that follow it.Text IIIHow ghost cities in the Amazon are rewriting the story of civilisationTry to imagine an environment largely untouched by humans and the Amazon rainforest might spring to mind. After all, large swathes of this South American landscape are blanketed in thick vegetation, suggesting it is one corner of the world that humans never managed to tame. Here, there must have been no deforestation, no agricultural revolution and no cities. It seems like a pristine environment.Or so we thought. But a very different picture is emerging. Archaeologists working with Indigenous communities have been shown crumbling urban remains and remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) are revealing the footprints of vast ghost cities. With so much evidence of ancient human activity, it is now thought the pre-Columbian Amazon was inhabited by millions of people – some living in large built-up areas complete with road networks, temples and pyramids.But that’s not all this research reveals. Paradoxically, it also provides evidence that the traditional view of the Amazon isn’t completely wide of the mark. For instance, while the ancient Amazonians managed their landscape intensively, they didn’t deforest it. And although they developed complex societies, they never went through a wholesale agricultural revolution. This might suggest that the pre-Columbian Amazonians broke the mould of human cultural development, which is traditionally seen as a relentless march from hunting and gathering to farming to urban complexity. The truth is more surprising. In fact, we are now coming to understand that there was no such mould – civilisation arose in myriad ways. What looks like an anomaly in the Amazon is actually a shining example of a process that was as vibrant and diverse as the rainforest itself.Adapted from: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg26334980-500-how-ghostcities-in-the-amazon-are-rewriting-the-story-of-civilisation/The phrase a pristine environment (1st paragraph) means that the area is1AC5A998-71 Inglês
Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFaculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritosRead Text III and answer the question that follow it.Text IIIHow ghost cities in the Amazon are rewriting the story of civilisationTry to imagine an environment largely untouched by humans and the Amazon rainforest might spring to mind. After all, large swathes of this South American landscape are blanketed in thick vegetation, suggesting it is one corner of the world that humans never managed to tame. Here, there must have been no deforestation, no agricultural revolution and no cities. It seems like a pristine environment.Or so we thought. But a very different picture is emerging. Archaeologists working with Indigenous communities have been shown crumbling urban remains and remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) are revealing the footprints of vast ghost cities. With so much evidence of ancient human activity, it is now thought the pre-Columbian Amazon was inhabited by millions of people – some living in large built-up areas complete with road networks, temples and pyramids.But that’s not all this research reveals. Paradoxically, it also provides evidence that the traditional view of the Amazon isn’t completely wide of the mark. For instance, while the ancient Amazonians managed their landscape intensively, they didn’t deforest it. And although they developed complex societies, they never went through a wholesale agricultural revolution. This might suggest that the pre-Columbian Amazonians broke the mould of human cultural development, which is traditionally seen as a relentless march from hunting and gathering to farming to urban complexity. The truth is more surprising. In fact, we are now coming to understand that there was no such mould – civilisation arose in myriad ways. What looks like an anomaly in the Amazon is actually a shining example of a process that was as vibrant and diverse as the rainforest itself.Adapted from: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg26334980-500-how-ghostcities-in-the-amazon-are-rewriting-the-story-of-civilisation/The phrase ghost cities in the title indicates that they1AC31C43-71 Inglês
Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFaculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritosRead Text III and answer the question that follow it.Text IIIHow ghost cities in the Amazon are rewriting the story of civilisationTry to imagine an environment largely untouched by humans and the Amazon rainforest might spring to mind. After all, large swathes of this South American landscape are blanketed in thick vegetation, suggesting it is one corner of the world that humans never managed to tame. Here, there must have been no deforestation, no agricultural revolution and no cities. It seems like a pristine environment.Or so we thought. But a very different picture is emerging. Archaeologists working with Indigenous communities have been shown crumbling urban remains and remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) are revealing the footprints of vast ghost cities. With so much evidence of ancient human activity, it is now thought the pre-Columbian Amazon was inhabited by millions of people – some living in large built-up areas complete with road networks, temples and pyramids.But that’s not all this research reveals. Paradoxically, it also provides evidence that the traditional view of the Amazon isn’t completely wide of the mark. For instance, while the ancient Amazonians managed their landscape intensively, they didn’t deforest it. And although they developed complex societies, they never went through a wholesale agricultural revolution. This might suggest that the pre-Columbian Amazonians broke the mould of human cultural development, which is traditionally seen as a relentless march from hunting and gathering to farming to urban complexity. The truth is more surprising. In fact, we are now coming to understand that there was no such mould – civilisation arose in myriad ways. What looks like an anomaly in the Amazon is actually a shining example of a process that was as vibrant and diverse as the rainforest itself.Adapted from: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg26334980-500-how-ghostcities-in-the-amazon-are-rewriting-the-story-of-civilisation/The text concludes that the development of civilization was1AC04464-71 Inglês
Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFaculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritosRead Text III and answer the question that follow it.Text IIIHow ghost cities in the Amazon are rewriting the story of civilisationTry to imagine an environment largely untouched by humans and the Amazon rainforest might spring to mind. After all, large swathes of this South American landscape are blanketed in thick vegetation, suggesting it is one corner of the world that humans never managed to tame. Here, there must have been no deforestation, no agricultural revolution and no cities. It seems like a pristine environment.Or so we thought. But a very different picture is emerging. Archaeologists working with Indigenous communities have been shown crumbling urban remains and remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) are revealing the footprints of vast ghost cities. With so much evidence of ancient human activity, it is now thought the pre-Columbian Amazon was inhabited by millions of people – some living in large built-up areas complete with road networks, temples and pyramids.But that’s not all this research reveals. Paradoxically, it also provides evidence that the traditional view of the Amazon isn’t completely wide of the mark. For instance, while the ancient Amazonians managed their landscape intensively, they didn’t deforest it. And although they developed complex societies, they never went through a wholesale agricultural revolution. This might suggest that the pre-Columbian Amazonians broke the mould of human cultural development, which is traditionally seen as a relentless march from hunting and gathering to farming to urban complexity. The truth is more surprising. In fact, we are now coming to understand that there was no such mould – civilisation arose in myriad ways. What looks like an anomaly in the Amazon is actually a shining example of a process that was as vibrant and diverse as the rainforest itself.Adapted from: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg26334980-500-how-ghostcities-in-the-amazon-are-rewriting-the-story-of-civilisation/Based on Text III, mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F).I. Research has changed the view of how the Amazon was once populated.II. The forest was respected by Pre-Columbian Amazonians.III. Archaeologists found out that Amazonian ancient cultures did not erect any buildings.The statements are, respectively,1ABDDB2B-71 Inglês
Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFaculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritosRead Text II and answer the question that follow it.Text IINothing Gold Can StayNature’s first green is gold,Her hardest hue to hold.Her early leaf’s a flower;But only so an hour.Then leaf subsides to leaf.So Eden sank to grief,So dawn goes down to day.Nothing gold can stay.Robert Frost, "Nothing Gold Can Stay", from: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/148652/nothing-gold-can-stay5c095cc5ab679.The tone of the poem is1ABB82E8-71 Inglês
Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFaculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritosRead Text II and answer the question that follow it.Text IINothing Gold Can StayNature’s first green is gold,Her hardest hue to hold.Her early leaf’s a flower;But only so an hour.Then leaf subsides to leaf.So Eden sank to grief,So dawn goes down to day.Nothing gold can stay.Robert Frost, "Nothing Gold Can Stay", from: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/148652/nothing-gold-can-stay5c095cc5ab679.The point of the poem is to show the1AB931E7-71 Inglês
Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehensionFaculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná · 2024Entre para guardar nos favoritosRead Text I and answer the question that follow it.Text IWhat’s good about personalized medicineFor a long time, the practice of medicine has largely been reactive, waiting for the onset of disease before treating or curing it. But we’re all unique in terms of genetic makeup, environment, and lifestyle factors. Our growing understanding of genetics and genomics – the study of all of a person’s genes – and how they drive health, disease and treatment in individual people offers an opportunity to step away from a ‘one size fits all’ approach based on broad population averages and adopt an individualized approach.In addition to advances in the field of genomics, developments in the fields of science and technology play a crucial role in personalized medicine (for example, the development of high-resolution analytics, biotech research and chemistry, and the ability to decipher molecular structures, signaling pathways, and protein interactions that underpin the mechanisms of gene expression).Personalized medicine is about more than prescribing the best drugs, although that’s a large part of it. Proponents say it would shift medicine’s emphasis from reaction to prevention, better predict disease susceptibility and improve diagnosis, produce more effective drugs and reduce adverse side effects, and eliminate the inefficiency and cost of adopting a trial-anderror approach to healthcare. […]Despite its numerous benefits, the adoption of a personalized medicine approach raises several issues. For it to reach peak efficiency, a lot of genomic data must be collected from a large and diverse section of the population, and it’s critical that participants’ privacy and confidentiality are protected.Adapted from: https://newatlas.com/medical/personalized-medicine-benefitsconcerns/The verb shift in “Proponents say it would shift medicine’s emphasis from reaction to prevention” (3rd paragraph) means